创业创新乘势奋进努力谱写生态建设和环境保护的新篇章——在全省环保工作会议上的报告

这次全省环保工作会议的主要任务是:认真贯彻党的十七大、省第十二次党代和省委十二届二次全会精神,围绕"创业富民、创新强省"总战略,全面回顾总结近几年来我省的生态环保历程,研究分析环保工作和环保系统自身建设中的重要问题,部署今年和今后一个时期的工作.     

加强乌溪江资源保护确保一江清水出衢江

~~加强乌溪江资源保护 确保一江清水出衢江$衢州市环境保护局衢江分局@谢向阳     

浙江省生物多样性保护对策研究

由于森林的破坏与片段化、湖泊面积缩小、水域污染、滩涂湿地围垦和物种资源过度开发利用等原因，使生物多样性严重受协。在对浙江省生物多样性保护进行系统研究的基础上，提出了浙江省生物多样性保护的目标和主要对策。     

青海三江源生态保护和建设工程2007年投资8亿

据有关部门报道，青海三江源生态保护已初见成效，各项工程建设顺利，并积累了不少经验。2006年，三江源生态保护和建设工程总投资超过6亿元，涉及封山育林、小城镇建设、科学养禽、能源建设和生态监测等12个子项目。预计2007年投资8亿元，包括2006年度结转资金和2007年度争取的国家下达资金。     

试论生态文明建设中的环境保护

随着经济的发展,人们越来越清醒地认识到,以污染环境和破坏生态来换取一时经济繁荣的危害日益突出。正是这种清醒,推动人类文明进行着一场深刻的反思和变革,把追求人与自然的和谐相处,推上当今社会发展主旋律的位置,它预示着人类进入一个生态文明的新时代。生态文明是协调发展物质文明的保障者,是与时俱进的精神文明的塑造者,是日益完善的政治文明的体现者。因此,建设生态文明既是实现全面建设小康社会奋斗目标的内在需要,又是深入贯彻落实科学发展观的重要内容;建设生态文明,必须强化政策支撑,增加生态文明建设的内生动力;必须强化执法监督,增加生态文明建设的环保执行力;必须强化生态补偿能力,构建最具活力的绿色发展模式。     

发展生态农业 实现农业循环经济

阐述了生态农业的基本理念和发展类型，提出了生态农业的发展策略。     

长江下游湖泊中可溶性有机碳的时空分布

2001年7月至2003年1月对长江下游的太湖、巢湖和龙感湖水体中可溶性有机碳(DOC)的时空分布进行了研究。结果显示．太湖水体中DOC的平均浓度最高．巢湖次之,龙感湖最低;秋季水体中的DOC浓度较冬季高;藻型湖泊水体中DOC浓度较草型湖泊高;下午水体中DOC的浓度较上午高。水体中DOC浓度的垂直分布无明显的规律性。从周年来看．DOC的浓度随温度的升高而升高。     

建设生态滨湖的实践与思考

结合地区经济、社会的状况和特殊的地理位置，分析了环境保护的现状和存在的问题，系统阐述了建设生态滨湖的必要性和可行性。     

Learning About the History of Landscape Use for the Future: Consequences for Ecological and Social Systems in Swedish Bergslagen

Barriers and bridges to implement policies about sustainable development and sustainability commonly depend on the past development of social–ecological systems. Production of metals required integration of use of ore, streams for energy, and wood for bioenergy and construction, as well as of multiple societal actors. Focusing on the Swedish Bergslagen region as a case study we (1) describe the phases of natural resource use triggered by metallurgy, (2) the location and spatial extent of 22 definitions of Bergslagen divided into four zones as a proxy of cumulative pressure on landscapes, and (3) analyze the consequences for natural capital and society. We found clear gradients in industrial activity, stream alteration, and amount of natural forest from the core to the periphery of Bergslagen. Additionally, the legacy of top-down governance is linked to today’s poorly diversified business sector and thus municipal vulnerability. Comparing the Bergslagen case study with other similar regions in Russia and Germany, we discuss the usefulness of multiple case studies.     

长江南京段夹江水质保护的对策

通过对长江南京段夹江水质的研究，阐明了夹江水质目前的状况，长江干流水在夹江汊江口分流后，水质保持与长江干流的一致性。并研究了保护夹江水质的对策。     

Combustion as the Principal Source of Carbonaceous Aerosol in the Ohio River Valley

Organic and elemental carbon and a number of carboxylic acids and n-alkanes were measured in aerosol samples collected at three sites in the Ohio River Valley between October 1980 and August 1981. Approximately 100 filters were analyzed for organic and elemental carbon for each site. For the 11-month period organic and elemental carbon comprised about 19 percent of the total aerosol mass with about two-thirds of the carbon as organic. Regression analysis showed that the principal source of organic carbon was combustion. The measurements of the specific organic compounds indicated a weak biogenic component to the organic aerosol.     

Periphyton as monitors for heavy metal pollution in the Calcasieu River estuary

The levels of copper, lead, chromium, zinc, cadmium, arsenic and silver were determined in periphyton specimens obtained with a diatometer collector. Stations selected were along three important bayous of the Calcasieu River system. Distributions of some metals in the organisms were similar to those found in sediment from the same locations, while other metals appeared to be similar to water concentrations. Concentration ratios of periphyton over sediment greatly exceeded one for the metals chromium, zinc, cadmium, arsenic and silver. The concentrations of heavy metals in the periphyton appeared to yield more information about pollutants than either water or sediment samples collected at the periphyton stations.     

Carbon and nitrogen composition and stable isotope as potential indicators of source and fate of organic matter in the salt marsh of the Changjiang Estuary, China

Elemental (TOC, TN, C/N) and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic (delta(13)C, delta(15)N) compositions were measured for surface sediments, three sediment vibrocores, plants, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected from salt marsh of the Changjiang Estuary. The purpose of this study is to characterize the sources of organic matter in sediments and to further elucidate the factors influencing the isotope signature in the salt marsh. Our results indicate that organic matter preserved in the sediments is predominantly controlled by the particulate organic matter in the Changjiang Estuary. The in situ contribution of marsh plants carbon to sediment organic matter is clearest in the high marsh, where the low delta(13)C of the plants (-28.1 per thousand) is reflected by a sediment delta(13)C (-24.7 per thousand) lower than values found for the low marsh and bare flat sediments (-23.4 per thousand and -23.0 per thousand, respectively). The effect of grain size on the spatial difference of isotope composition in the marsh sediments is insignificant, based on the observation that similar isotope values are found in different size particles, both for delta(13)C and delta(15)N. Nutrient utilization by plant assimilation, however, shows great impact on the surface sediment delta(15)N composition, due to the isotope fractionation. With extensive plant coverage and the consequent low surface water nitrate concentration, delta(15)N values of the high marsh surface sediments show (15)N enrichment.     

Perfluorinated compounds in the Pearl River and Yangtze River of China

A total of 14 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were quantified in river water samples collected from tributaries of the Pearl River (Guangzhou Province, south China) and the Yangtze River (central China). Among the PFCs analyzed, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were the two compounds with the highest concentrations. PFOS concentrations ranged from 0.90 to 99 ng/l and <0.01–14 ng/l in samples from the Pearl River and Yangtze River, respectively; whereas those for PFOA ranged from 0.85 to 13 ng/l and 2.0–260 ng/l. Lower concentrations were measured for perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctanesulfoamide (PFOSA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorononaoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA). Concentrations of several perfluorocarboxylic acids, including perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA), perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA), perfluorohexadecanoic acid (PFHxDA) and perfluorooctadecanoic acid (PFOcDA) were lower than the limits of quantification in all the samples analyzed. The highest concentrations of most PFCs were observed in water samples from the Yangtze River near Shanghai, the major industrial and financial centre in China. In addition, sampling locations in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River with a reduced flow rate might serve as a final sink for contaminants from the upstream river runoffs. Generally, PFOS was the dominant PFC found in samples from the Pearl River, while PFOA was the predominant PFC in water from the Yangtze River. Specifically, a considerable amount of PFBS (22.9–26.1% of total PFC analyzed) was measured in water collected near Nanjing, which indicates the presence of potential sources of PFBS in this part of China. Completely different PFC composition profiles were observed for samples from the Pearl River and the Yangtze River. This indicates the presence of dissimilar sources in these two regions.