用人工湿地处理乳制品厂废水的研究

在进水ＣＯＤ浓度４００ｍｇ／Ｌ－８００ｍｇ／Ｌ,温度１５℃－２３℃时,人工湿地装置处理乳制品加工废水的ＣＯＤ去除率达９７％－９８％,面积负荷率达２３．３ｇ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）－２８．２ｇ（ｍ＾２．ｄ）,ＢＯＤ５的去除率达９７％－９９％,ＢＯＤ５的面积负荷率为１２．６ｇ（ｍ＾２．ｄ）－１７．２ｇ（ｍ＾２．ｄ）,几乎７０％－９０％ＣＯＤ和ＢＯＤ５去除率发生在进水沟段。     

铜和锌离子对真鲷幼鱼组织酶活性的影响

研究水中Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋对真鲷幼鱼组织ＣＡＴ、ＧＰＴ、胃蛋白酶活性的影响。结果表明：真鲷幼鱼暴露于不同浓度Ｃｕ＾２＋（０．５、０．７５、１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ）、Ｚｎ＾２＋（１、２、４ｍｇ／Ｌ）海水中４ｄ后,Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋对鳃,肝脏ＣＡＴ,胃蛋白酶有抑制作用。     

混凝法预处理糖精钠废水研究

无机混凝剂硫酸铝，硫酸铁分别与有机絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺配合使用处理糖精钠废水，并进行处理效果比较，结果表明，硫酸铝和聚丙烯酰胺配合使用的处理效果好，当硫酸铝投加量为３．２ｇ／Ｌ，聚丙烯酰胺投加量为８ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｐＨ为６时，废水ＣＯＤｃｒ可从４１３００ｍｇ／Ｌ减小到１６８００ｍｇ／Ｌ，去除率达６１％；Ｃｕ＾２＋浓度从３２．７３ｍｇ／Ｌ降至３．１７ｍｇ／Ｌ，去除率达９０．３％，且提高了ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤｃｒ值     

味精浓度水稀释液厌氧消化—SBR工艺处理

采用ＵＢＦ－ＳＢＲ工艺处理味精浓度水稀释液，ＵＢＦ段的进水ＣＯＤｃｒ１８９００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＨ３－Ｎ１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ，有机容积负荷率９．４５ｋｇ（ＣＯＤ）／ｍ＾３．ｄ时，ＣＯＤｃｒ平均去除率为８４．５％，ＳＢＲ段的进水ＣＯＤｃｒ２９５０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＨ３－Ｎ１６７８ｍｇ／Ｌ，曝气６５ｈ，ＤＯ为４～４．５ｍｇ／Ｌ，停曝气时ＤＯ在０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，ＣＯＤｃｒ和ＮＨ３－Ｎ的平均去除率分别为９２％和９９．４     

酸解——氧化絮凝处理二甲基二硫合成废水

酸解一氧化絮凝法处理二基二硫合成废水这一新工艺，能够脱除不可生化有机废水中高浓度的ＣＯＤ和Ｓ＾－２。本工艺较佳运行条件是：酸解一级处理，ＰＨ值１．５以下，反应时间为１．０－２．０ｈ；反应温度１００－１２０℃，二级氧化絮凝处理；ＰＨ值在１０－１２之间；反应时间２．０－３．０ｈ，在此条件下，当进水ＣＯＤ浓度为１１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ和Ｓ＾＋２４００００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下时，出水完全可以达到国家规定的排放标准。ＣＯ     

SBR工艺处理腈纶废水

文章介绍了以ＳＢＲ工艺处理腈纶废水的试验过程，结果表明，在进水ＣＯＤ浓度为３０００－４０００ｍｇ／Ｌ、进水容积负荷为２．０ｋｇ／ＣＯＤ／ｍ＾３．ｄ时，出水浓度在４００－６００ｍｇ／Ｌ之间，去除率为７５－８５％，硝化效果很好，出水ＮＨ３－Ｎ小于１０ｍｇ／Ｌ，达到排放标准。腈纶废水中主要污染物为ＤＭＦ（二甲基甲酰胺），用本法处理后，产生难于生化氧化的氮氧物质，需进一步处理，因此，ＳＢＲ工艺目前适合作为     

膨润土对Pb2+的吸附性能及影响吸附的主要因素

探讨了天然膨润土对Ｐｂ＾２＋的吸附性能及其主要影响因素，天然膨润土对Ｐｂ＾２＋的吸附能力很强，当Ｐｂ＾２＋的浓度小于２０ｍｇ／Ｌ时，去除率可达９９％以上，吸附受溶液ＰＨ、吸附剂用量以及振荡时间的影响，但溶液中存在的有机污染物不影响膨润土对Ｐｂ＾２＋的吸附。     

A／O~2工艺处理化纤废水

采用Ａ／Ｏ２工艺处理化纤废水，试验结果表明：当进水ＣＯＤ：９９０．０～１７００ｍｇ／Ｌ，：５５０～１８８ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＴＮ：１５１～３８６ｍｇ／Ｌ，∑ＣＮ－：４．５０～２８．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＳＣＮ－：５５０～３８０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＡＮ：１０５～３３６ｍｇ／Ｌ时，各项指标的去除率分别为ＣＯＤ：８７．２％左右，－Ｎ：９７．８％左右，ＴＮ：７６４％左右，∑ＣＮ：９８．１％左右，ＳＣＮ：１００％，ＡＮ：１００％。本文还考查了不同浓度的∑ＣＮ－及ＣＯＤ对Ａ／Ｏ２系统的影响。     

洁霉素生产废水处理的研究

采用水解（酸化）－二段投菌生物接触氧化－混凝工艺处理浓度洁霉素废水,中试结果表明：进水ＣＯＤ浓度为３５００－５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ范围时,出水ＣＯＤ平均去除率大于９５％,进水ＢＯＤ浓度为１０００－１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ范围时,出水ＢＯＤ平均去除率大于９６％,各项指标达到国家ＧＢ８９７８－８８排放标准。     

厌氧消化反应器进行条件的选择

研究了ＵＢＦ－ＳＢＲ工艺中ＵＢＦ段的几个运行参数，在３５℃，进水ＣＯＤｃｒ１５５４６ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＨ３－Ｎ１２１４ｍｇ／Ｌ，有要容积负荷率７．５５ｋｇ（ＣＯＤ）／ｍ＾３．ｄ时，运行最佳。其ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率为９３．９％，产气率为０．６４ｍ＾３（气）／为５．４６ｋｇ（ＣＯＤ）／ｍ＾３．ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率为９１．４％。并气率为０．５９ｍ＾３（气）／去除率ｋｇ（ＣＯＤ），ＣＨ４含量为５７．５％，两者出水ＰＨ均     

循环流生物膜反应器同时硝化反硝化实验研究

研究了循环流软性填料生物膜反应器的同时硝化反硝化。实验结果表明,反应器中确实存在着同时硝化反硝化现象。考察了碳氮比(C/N)和溶解氧(DO)对同时硝化反硝化的影响。在进水COD和NH4+—N浓度为500mg/L、15mg/L时,出水COD、NH4+—N和TN浓度<50mg/L、3.0mg/L、4.5mg/L,COD去除率、硝化率和反硝化率分别达到90%、80%和70%。     

Cd2+ removal from wastewater by sulfate reducing bacteria with an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor

A process of treatment for containing Cd²⁺ wastewater by sulfate reducing bacteria with upflow anaerobic fluidized bed reactor has been studied. When the concentration of COD and Cd²⁺ in the influent were 270 5mg/L and 100mg/L respectively and hydraulic retention time was 4 hours, the removal rate of COD and Cd²⁺ were higher than 73 8% and 99 8% respectively. The reactor can treat as high as 1000mg/L of concentration of Cd²⁺ . The highest removal velocity rate of Cd²⁺ reached 2999 1mg/(L·d). And the possible relationship between sulfate reducing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria was discussed.     

厌氧好氧一体生物滤池处理选矿废水的研究

采用上流式厌氧好氧一体化生物滤池处理模拟选矿废水中的黄药和重金属Zn2+、Pb2+。以乙基钾黄药为唯一碳源配置滤池进水,在HRT为6 h,DO为3 mg/L,进水中不含重金属离子的情况下,滤池的COD平均去除率能达到89.2%,D平均浓度为43 mg/L。滤池较为适应中性偏弱碱性的进水,过高或过低的进水pH都将对滤池运行造成负面影响。滤其出水CO池对Zn2+的去除效果要好于Pb2+。当进水中Zn2+和Pb2+浓度分别在30.0 mg/L和3.0 mg/L以下时,出水中的Zn2+、Pb2+浓度分别在1.5 mg/L和0.5 mg/L以下,符合《铅锌工业污染物排放标准》(GB25466-2010)中相关要求。进水中存在重金属Zn2+、Pb2+时,会对滤池降解黄药的能力产生负面影响。其中,Pb2+的影响要大于Zn2+。     

Biological sulfate removal from acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewater using a two-stage UASB reactor

A two-stage UASB reactor was employed to remove sulfate from acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewater. Mesophilic operation (35±0.5℃) was performed with hydraulic retention time (HRT) varied between 28 and 40 hr. Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) in the reactor was maintained about 8000 mg/L. The results indicated that sulfate removal was enhanced with increasing the ratio of COD/SO₄^2-. At low COD/SO₄^2-, the growth of the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) was carbon-limited. The optimal sulfate removal efficiencies were 75% when the HRT was no less than 38 hr. Sulfidogenesis mainly happened in the sulfate-reducing stage, while methanogenesis in the methane-producing stage. Microbes in sulfate-reducing stage performed granulation better than that in methane-producing stage. Higher extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content in sulfate-reducing stage helped to adhere and connect the flocculent sludge particles together. SRB accounted for about 31% both in sulfate-reducing stage and methane-producing stage at COD/SO₄^2- ratio of 0.5, while it dropped dramatically from 34% in sulfate-reducing stage to 10% in methane-producing stage corresponding to the COD/SO₄^2- ratio of 4.7. SRB and MPA were predominant in sulfate-reducing stage and methane-producing stage respectively.     

厌氧氨氧化与反硝化耦合脱氮除碳研究Ⅰ:COD/NH_4~+-N对耦合反应的影响

采用ASBR反应器,通过改变进水COD/NH_4~+-N值,研究了COD/COD/NH_4~+-N对厌氧氨氧化与反硝化耦合反应的影响.结果表明:在COD为300mg/L,NO2--N为145mg/L时,COD/COD/NH_4~+-N是影响厌氧氨氧化对耦合反应脱氮贡献及COD/NH_4~+-N去除率的主要因素,但不会对NO2--N去除率产生影响.当COD/COD/NH_4~+-N值在1~3.25时,厌氧氨氧化对耦合反应的脱氮贡献率基本稳定在73.03%;当COD/COD/NH_4~+-N值在3.75时,厌氧氨氧化对耦合反应脱氮的贡献率开始由71.76%下降至约55%;当COD/COD/NH_4~+-N值在4.25~5.25时,厌氧氨氧化与反硝化的脱氮贡献率基本相等;当COD/COD/NH_4~+-N值在6.5~12.5时,反硝化的脱氮贡献率随着COD/COD/NH_4~+-N值的增大由51.69%增大到79.62%.耦合反应器中活性污泥的颗粒化程度不断增强,颗粒污泥的粒径主要分布在0.6~1.5mm范围内,污泥沉降性能良好.     

氨氮和硫酸盐对谷氨酸厌氧生物降解性能的抑制及机理

采用连续运行1119d的上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器,研究了最佳有机负荷条件下氨氮和硫酸盐对模拟废水中谷氨酸降解性能的抑制作用.结果表明,有机负荷为8.0g COD/（L·d）时,COD去除率达到最高值为（97.94±0.28）%.逐步提高进水氨氮浓度,起初对谷氨酸降解性能的影响不大;但升到2000mg/L时COD去除率和甲烷产率明显降低,继续升至4000mg/L时即达到半抑制状态.逐步提高进水硫酸盐浓度至4000mg/L,甲烷产率和溶液中游离硫化氢（FS）浓度分别呈现一直下降和升高趋势,但COD去除率均能维持在90%以上.进水中的氨氮和硫酸盐分别因离解平衡和生物还原作用形成游离氨（FAN）和FS,进而抑制了产甲烷菌的活性;前者因FAN扩散到细胞内部破坏质子平衡从而过多消耗ATP,后者还因硫酸盐还原菌的增殖存在底物竞争抑制作用.     

Characteristics of high-sulfate wastewater treatment by two-phase anaerobic digestion process with Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed

A new anaerobic reactor, Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed （JLAFB）, was designed for treating high-sulfate wastewater. The treatment characteristics, including the effect of influent COD/SO42 ratio and alkalinity and sulfide inhibition in reactors, were discussed for a JLAFB and a general anaerobic fiuidized bed （AFB） reactor used as sulfate-reducing phase and methane-producing phase, respectively, in two-phase anaerobic digestion process. The formation of granules in the two reactors was also examined. The results indicated that COD and sulfate removal had different demand of influent COD/SO4^2- ratios. When total COD removal was up to 85%, the ratio was only required up to 1.2, whereas, total sulfate removal up to 95% required it exceeding 3.0. The alkalinity in the two reactors increased linearly with the growth of influent alkalinity. Moreover, the change of influent alkalinity had no significant effect on pH and volatile fatty acids （VFA） in the two reactors. Influent alkalinity kept at 400-500 mg/L could meet the requirement of the treating process. The JLAFB reactor had great advantage in avoiding sulfide and free-H2S accumulation and toxicity inhibition on microorganisms. When sulfate loading rate was up to 8. 1 kg/（m^3.d）, the sulfide and free-H2S concentrations in JLAFB reactor were 58.6 and 49.7 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the granules, with offwhite color, ellipse shape and diameters of 1.0-3.0 mm, could be developed in JLAFB reactor. In granules, different groups of bacteria were distributed in different layers, and some inorganic metal compounds such as Fe, Ca, Mg etc. were found.     

氨氮和硫酸盐对谷氨酸厌氧生物降解性能的抑制及机理

采用连续运行1119d的上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器,研究了最佳有机负荷条件下氨氮和硫酸盐对模拟废水中谷氨酸降解性能的抑制作用.结果表明,有机负荷为8.0g COD/（L·d）时,COD去除率达到最高值为（97.94±0.28）%.逐步提高进水氨氮浓度,起初对谷氨酸降解性能的影响不大;但升到2000mg/L时COD去除率和甲烷产率明显降低,继续升至4000mg/L时即达到半抑制状态.逐步提高进水硫酸盐浓度至4000mg/L,甲烷产率和溶液中游离硫化氢（FS）浓度分别呈现一直下降和升高趋势,但COD去除率均能维持在90%以上.进水中的氨氮和硫酸盐分别因离解平衡和生物还原作用形成游离氨（FAN）和FS,进而抑制了产甲烷菌的活性;前者因FAN扩散到细胞内部破坏质子平衡从而过多消耗ATP,后者还因硫酸盐还原菌的增殖存在底物竞争抑制作用.     

AF反应器对芳香族化合物反硝化降解特性研究

以苯、联苯和萘为模型化合物,研究了厌氧滤池（AF）反应器在反硝化及连续运行条件下对含这几种芳香族化合物模拟废水的处理效果,并以葡萄糖为补充碳源,考察了不同C/N对有机物反硝化降解特性的影响.结果表明,在长期连续流运行及反硝化条件下,AF反应器对废水中几种典型芳香族化合物具有良好地去除效果,当进水COD浓度约为1?000mg/L,苯、联苯和萘总浓度为60mg/L时,出水COD去除率可达到90％,芳香族化合物的去除率可达到84％.苯比萘和联苯更易于反硝化降解.C/N在5～30范围内,苯的降解率均达到90%,C/N对苯的降解没有明显影响;COD、萘和联苯去除率受C/N影响较大,C/N为15时,COD、萘和联苯去除率最大,分别为90%、78%和82%.     

Zn2+对SBR单级好氧模式生物除磷性能的影响

以合成废水为研究对象,以丙酸盐为单一外加碳源,通过比较进水中不同Zn2+浓度(0,1,5,10,20mg/L)下单级好氧模式下序批式反应器(SBR)的除磷效果,考察进水Zn2+浓度对单级好氧SBR生物除磷性能的影响,并通过分析各反应器中典型周期内磷及微生物体内储能物质的变化,探究Zn2+对单级好氧SBR生物除磷性能的影响机理.当进水Zn2+浓度为0和1mg/L时,除磷率分别高达96.84%和97.90%.当进水Zn2+浓度为5,10,20mg/L时,系统除磷率分别为89.32%,76.43%和57.29%,说明较高浓度Zn2+对单级好氧SBR生物除磷有抑制作用.结果表明,较高浓度Zn2+可抑制COD的降解,微生物体内聚羟基脂肪酸酯好氧合成及磷酸盐激酶活性,并促进GAOs的代谢,使聚磷合成和水解量减少,从而降低系统的除磷性能.