专利资讯

专利名称：一种利用高碳含量粉煤灰回收钢渣中铁的方法 本发明涉及一种将钢渣中的铁还原后磁选分离的方法。其特点步骤如下：（1）以转炉钢渣为原料,用粉碎机将其粉碎至≤0．3mm;（2）将还原剂-9粉碎后的转炉钢渣混合,送至微波反应炉中,     

进场垃圾的筛分特性试验研究及优化处理

通过深入现场的调查、实验研究,对深圳老虎坑环境园的进场垃圾进行物理成分及理化特性分析.测定了进场垃圾的容重、物理组成、含水率、发热值等基础数据,为废弃物的减量化、无害化与资源化提供了依据.特别是通过垃圾的筛分实验,提出了80 mm、60 mm的筛上物进垃圾焚烧厂的优化处理方案.     

专利资讯

专利名称：一种利用陶瓷电容器回收金属的方法 本发明申请提供一种利用陶瓷电容器回收金属的方法，先将废旧陶瓷电容器破碎成0．01～0．1mm粒径的颗粒，在上述颗粒中加入碱和水混合均匀，进行焙烧，将焙烧后的物料用热水洗涤，然后进行过滤，滤液回收锡和铅，然后将滤渣用硫酸溶液溶解，过滤得到含有钛、镍、铜、铁的溶液，再经电解得到铜，得到的残液回调酸碱度至pH值3．5～4．5，沉淀铁和钛，得到含有镍的溶液，浓缩结晶后得到硫酸镍晶体。     

一种用于农村其他垃圾资源化处理的工艺探讨

针对当前农村生活垃圾产生位置分散,收集运输成本费用高,周边居民对于焚烧设施建设反应敏感度高等问题,结合农村地区实行生活垃圾分类后,农村其他垃圾的成分发生变化等情况,介绍了一种新型组合工艺技术处理农村其他垃圾。该工艺设计主要采取“人工分选+三级筛分+磁选+风选+AI智能+光电”的工艺组合技术,经过一段时间运行后,工艺运行较稳定可靠,处理效果较佳,在一定程度上可以实现农村其他垃圾的资源化处理,减少运输距离,节约运输成本,同时避免由于焚烧设施建设引起的邻避效应,为农村其他垃圾资源化处理提供了一个新的思路和方向。     

信息与动态

从磁铁碎屑中回收稀土金属的工艺Chemical Engineering,2013,120(2):11美国能源部Ames实验室的研究人员开发了一项从磁铁碎屑中回收稀土金属的工艺。该工艺先将钕-铁-硼磁铁碎屑破碎,然后放入不锈钢坩埚,加入大块金属镁。将坩埚在经过特殊改造的射频炉中加热,使镁熔化,并通过增强搅拌加速稀土金属的扩散。稀土金属从磁铁物质中扩散出来并进入熔融的镁中,而铁和硼留在原物质中。经过浇铸得到镁-钕合金,采用真空蒸馏法去除镁,分离得到稀土金属。镁可回用。该团队报告称,用回     

专利资讯

专利名称：一种利用高压热风自动分离废弃线路板元件的方法 本发明涉及一种利用高压热风自动分离废弃线路板元件的方法，该方法包括将待分离的废弃线路板采用钉式结构固装在传送带上进行传送，采用高压高温气流冲击的分离方式分离所述废弃线路板的基板和元器件；分离时将高压高温气流以风刀或类似风刀开缝口的形式吹出，以去除焊料并迫使元器件脱落。本发明实现了自动分离废弃线路板元件的工业应用，并无害化处理有毒有害气体，高效处理线路板并无损地回收大量价值元件，为再资源化提供了可能。     

一种电镀废液中酸分离与重金属回收的方法

正该专利涉及一种电镀废液中酸分离与重金属回收的方法。先利用电渗析集成技术快速分离电镀废液中的酸,通过对电渗析过程中阴、阳离子膜的选择可以很好地将电镀废液中的酸分离,同时重金属离子仍留在电镀废液中。分离出来的酸进入浓缩池,回收后可用于电镀或镀件清洗工序。处理后的电镀废液中pH达3以上。利用硫化氢气体和射流工艺集成技术能够快速回收电镀废液中的有价重金     

从废甲醇合成催化剂中回收铜锌

将废RK-05甲醇合成催化剂经过煅烧、浸取、精制等工序回收其中的铜和锌。经正交实验得到煅烧废催化剂的最优工艺参数为:废催化剂筛目100目,煅烧温度950℃,煅烧时间60 min。最佳浸取工艺条件为:废催化剂加入量约4 g/L,浸取温度75℃,浸取剂用量与理论用量体积比2.0~3.0,浸取剂浓度4.0 mol/L,浸取时间10min。精制工序制备CuO的最佳工艺条件为:锌粒与滤渣质量比为1.00,反应时间3 h,煅烧温度450℃,煅烧时间4 h。制备ZnO的最佳工艺条件为:煅烧温度800℃,煅烧时间60 min。回收的产品CuO纯度为99.1%,满足GB/T674—2003《化学试剂粉状氧化铜》中优级品的标准。回收的产品ZnO纯度为99.6%,满足GB/T3185—1992《氧化锌(间接法)》中一级品的标准。     

VOC回收方法

采用挥发性有机化合物（ＶＯＣ）分离膜,能将污染源排放的体积分数从百分之几到百分之几十的汽油等ＶＯＣ蒸气进行回收,得到液态ＶＯＣ产品。回收的方法有常压法和加压法两种。常压法：将被处理的废气送入过滤器,除去其中的烟雾和粉尘,然后通过ＶＯＣ分离膜将其中的ＶＯＣ分离出来。用真空泵将分离出的高浓度ＶＯＣ送入回收塔,回收得到液态ＶＯＣ。将未被回收的ＶＯＣ蒸气与空气一起再送入过滤器,进行循环处理。常压法虽比加压法回收废气中ＶＯＣ的能力稍稍差一点,但处理后尾气中的ＶＯＣ浓度完全能满足日本对ＶＯＣ排放浓度规定的要…     

家具类大件垃圾处理破碎-磁选工艺经济分析

近年来,破碎-磁选工艺在家具类大件垃圾处理中越来越受到关注,但设备投资和运行成本较高,需要建立科学、高效的运行管理机制和投入产出机制,以提高其经济效益。系统研究了厦门市某家具类大件垃圾处理厂破碎-磁选工艺的设备投资和运行费用等情况。目前该处理厂处理规模约为4.30 t/d,运行负荷率仅为14.33%,导致家具类大件垃圾处理成本高达507.20元/t,其中设备折旧费约为254.86元/t,运行成本约为252.34元/t。因此,提高运行负荷率,是降低家具类大件垃圾处理成本的关键。     

Enrichment of the metallic components from waste printed circuit boards by a mechanical separation process using a stamp mill

Printed circuit boards incorporated in most electrical and electronic equipment contain valuable metals such as Cu, Ni, Au, Ag, Pd, Fe, Sn, and Pb. In order to employ a hydrometallurgical route for the recycling of valuable metals from printed circuit boards, a mechanical pre-treatment step is needed. In this study, the metallic components from waste printed circuit boards have been enriched using a mechanical separation process. Waste printed circuit boards shredded to <10mm were milled using a stamp mill to liberate the various metallic components, and then the milled printed circuit boards were classified into fractions of <0.6, 0.6-1.2, 1.2-2.5, 2.5-5.0, and >5.0mm. The fractions of milled printed circuit boards of size <5.0mm were separated into a light fraction of mostly non-metallic components and a heavy fraction of the metallic components by gravity separation using a zig-zag classifier. The >5.0mm fraction and the heavy fraction were subjected to two-step magnetic separation. Through the first magnetic separation at 700 Gauss, 83% of the nickel and iron, based on the whole printed circuit boards, was recovered in the magnetic fraction, and 92% of the copper was recovered in the non-magnetic fraction. The cumulative recovery of nickel-iron concentrate was increased by a second magnetic separation at 3000 Gauss, but the grade of the concentrate decreased remarkably from 76% to 56%. The cumulative recovery of copper concentrate decreased, but the grade increased slightly from 71.6% to 75.4%. This study has demonstrated the feasibility of the mechanical separation process consisting of milling/size classification/gravity separation/two-step magnetic separation for enriching metallic components such as Cu, Ni, Al, and Fe from waste printed circuit boards.     

Liberation characteristic and physical separation of printed circuit board (PCB)

Recycling of printed circuit board (PCB) is an important subject and to which increasing attention is paid, both in treatment of waste as well as recovery of valuable material terms. Precede physical and mechanical method, a good liberation is the premise to further separation. In this study, two-step crushing process is employed, and standard sieve is applied to screen crushed material to different size fractions, moreover, the liberation situation and particles shape in different size are observed. Then metal of the PCB is separated by physical methods, including pneumatic separation, electrostatic separation and magnetic separation, and major metal contents are characterized by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results show that the metal and nonmetal particles of PCB are dissociated completely under the crush size 0.6mm; metal is mainly enriched in the four size fractions between 0.15 and 1.25 mm; relatively, pneumatic separation is suitable for 0.6-0.9 mm size fraction, while the electrostatic separation is suitable for three size fractions that are 0.15-0.3mm, 0.3-0.6mm and 0.9-1.25 mm. The whole process that involves crushing, electrostatic and magnetic separation has formed a closed cycle that can return material and provide salable product.     

Evaluation of a recycling process for printed circuit board by physical separation and heat treatment

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) from discarded personal computer (PC) and hard disk drive were crushed by explosion in water or mechanical comminution in order to disintegrate the attached parts. More parts were stripped from PCB of PC, composed of epoxy resin; than from PCB of household appliance, composed of phenol resin.In an attempt to raise the copper grade of PCB by removing other components, a carbonization treatment was investigated. The crushed PCB without surface-mounted parts was carbonized under a nitrogen atmosphere at 873–1073 K. After screening, the char was classified by size into oversized pieces, undersized pieces and powder. The copper foil and glass fiber pieces were liberated and collected in undersized fraction. The copper foil was liberated easily from glass fiber by stamping treatment.As one of the mounted parts, the multi-layered ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), which contain nickel, were carbonized at 873 K. The magnetic separation is carried out at a lower magnetic field strength of 0.1 T and then at 0.8 T. In the +0.5 mm size fraction the nickel grade in magnetic product was increased from 0.16% to 6.7% and the nickel recovery is 74%.The other useful mounted parts are tantalum capacitors. The tantalum capacitors were collected from mounted parts. The tantalum-sintered bodies were separated from molded resins by heat treatment at 723–773 K in air atmosphere and screening of 0.5 mm. Silica was removed and 70% of tantalum grade was obtained after more than 823 K heating and separation.Next, the evaluation of Cu recycling in PCB is estimated. Energy consumption of new process increased and the treatment cost becomes 3 times higher comparing the conventional process, while the environmental burden of new process decreased comparing conventional process.The nickel recovery process in fine ground particles increased energy and energy cost comparing those of the conventional process. However, the environmental burden decreased than the conventional one.The process for recovering tantalum used more heat for the treatment and therefore the energy consumption increased by 50%, when comparing with conventional process. However, the market price for tantalum is very large; the profit for tantalum recovery is added. Also the environmental burden decreased by the recycling of tantalum recovery. Therefore, the tantalum recovery is very important step in the PCB recycling. If there is no tantalum, the consumed energy and treatment cost increase in the new process, though the environmental burden decreases.     

Enhancement of the recycling of waste Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries by mechanical treatment

A serious environmental problem was presented by waste batteries resulting from lack of relevant regulations and effective recycling technologies in China. The present work considered the enhancement of waste Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries recycling by mechanical treatment. In the process of characterization, two types of waste batteries (Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries) were selected and their components were characterized in relation to their elemental chemical compositions. In the process of mechanical separation and recycling, waste Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries were processed by a recycling technology without a negative impact on the environment. The technology contained mechanical crushing, size classification, gravity separation, and magnetic separation. The results obtained demonstrated that: (1) Mechanical crushing was an effective process to strip the metallic parts from separators and pastes. High liberation efficiency of the metallic parts from separators and pastes was attained in the crushing process until the fractions reached particle sizes smaller than 2 mm. (2) The classified materials mainly consisted of the fractions with the size of particles between 0.5 and 2 mm after size classification. (3) The metallic concentrates of the samples were improved from around 75% to 90% by gravity separation. More than 90% of the metallic materials were separated into heavy fractions when the particle sizes were larger than 0.5 mm. (4) The size of particles between 0.5 and 2 mm and the rotational speed of the separator between 30 and 60 rpm were suitable for magnetic separation during industrial application, with the recycling efficiency exceeding 95%.     

干式还原法处理铬渣的机理及应用

采用干式还原法处理铬渣。在多级还原焙烧炉中于高温条件下，将过量的煤粉和铬渣混合后与O₂反应，经冷却、擦磨、磁分离后可得到铁精砂和处理后铬渣。介绍了干式还原法处理铬渣的机理和工艺参数。以3种铬渣试样进行应用试验，经多级还原焙烧—磁分离后，铬渣中的Cr（Ⅵ）质量浓度为0.05~0.18 mg/L，低于HJ/T301—2007标准中的要求（0.50 mg/L），可作为建材原料加以利用。磁分离得到的铁精砂产品中铁的质量分数大于50%，铁回收率大于70%。目前设计的多级还原焙烧炉单炉处理铬渣能力为150 kt/a，标煤消耗为35 kg/t，处理成本约为60元/t。     

Recovery of silicon powder from kerf loss slurry waste using superconducting high gradient magnetic separation technology

A major challenge in recycling of silicon powder from kerf loss slurry waste is the complete removal of metal particles. The traditional acid leaching method is costly and not green. In this paper, a novel approach to recover high-purity Si from the kerf loss slurry waste of solar grade silicon was investigated. The metal impurities were removed with superconducting high gradient magnetic separation technology. The effects of process parameters such as magnetic flux density, slurry density, and slurry flow velocity on the removal efficiency were investigated, and the parameters were optimized. In one lot of control experiments, the silicon content was increased from 90.91 to 95.83%, iron content reduced from 3.24 to 0.57%, and aluminum content from 2.44 to 1.51% under the optimum conditions of magnetic flux density of 4.0 T, slurry density of 20 g/L, and slurry flow velocity of 500 mL/min. The result indicates that the superconducting high gradient magnetic separation technology is a feasible purifying method, and the magnetic separation concentrate could be used as an intermediate product for high-purity Si powder.

     

Application of a gas-solid fluidized bed separator for shredded municipal bulky solid waste separation

A laboratory-scale gas-solid fluidized bed separator able to separate fractions of 5.6-50mm was used for separation of shredded municipal bulky waste (SBW) into combustibles and incombustibles. In batch-scale tests, it was found that accumulation of SBW in the bottom of the bed significantly reduced the separation efficiency. In this study, stirring was shown to be effective in preventing this accumulation. Flexible sheet materials such as paper and film plastics also significantly decreased the separation efficiency. In batch-scale tests, an overall efficiency of 90% was obtained when flexible materials such as film plastics and paper were excluded from the feed SBW. In continuous feeding tests, purities of the float and sink fractions attained 95% and 86% efficiencies, respectively, with an overall efficiency of 79%. The effect of feedstock shape on separation efficiency was also investigated. This study revealed that large particles can be properly separated on the basis of density, while the shape of the material significantly influenced behavior in the fluidizing bed.     

多级孔ZSM-5分子筛对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

以多级孔ZSM-5分子筛为吸附剂,吸附水中的亚甲基蓝（MB）,考察了吸附条件对吸附效果的影响,并探讨了吸附的热力学和动力学特征。实验结果表明：在溶液pH为11、分子筛加入量为800 mg/L、吸附温度为303.15 K、吸附时间为60 min、初始MB质量浓度为20 mg/L的条件下,该分子筛对MB的吸附率达97%;溶液pH为5~12时,吸附率均达89%以上,说明该分子筛具有宽的pH适应范围;该分子筛对MB的吸附热力学符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,293.15~313.15 K的饱和吸附量达50.51~62.11 mg/g,吸附为吸热、自发过程;吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学方程。     

变压吸附技术分离模拟油田火驱尾气中的CO_2

采用变压吸附技术分离模拟油田火驱尾气(CO_2-N_2-CH_4混合体系)中的CO_2。考察了吸附压力、吸附温度和气体流量对吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明:在吸附温度为25℃、吸附压力为0.6 MPa、气体流量为2 000m L/min、初始CO_2体积分数为13.01%的条件下,CO_2的穿透吸附量为60.34 m L/g,CO_2吸附率为78.92%,碳分子筛对CO_2的分离因子为8.233;在床层利用率为0.523的条件下进行降压解吸,当吸附压力降至0.1 MPa时,出口CO_2体积分数约为80%,CO_2的回收率可达96.38%。     

Trace chemical partitioning in construction and demolition debris fines: process and market implications

Construction and demolition debris (CDD) fines, a residue generated from mechanized CDD recycling, can often be beneficially reused. Concentrations of chemicals of potential concern in CDD fines should be evaluated prior to being reintroduced into the environment to assess risk and make informed decisions about appropriate reuse opportunities. The distribution of trace chemicals in CDD fines as a function of particle size was measured to evaluate if concentrations in the bulk material can be reduced by removing certain particle size ranges through screening. Chemicals of potential concern, including arsenic, lead, sulfate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), were characterized in four different size fractions (19–4.8 mm, 4.8–0.84 mm, 0.84–0.3 mm, < 0.3 mm) of CDD fine samples collected from 12 US CDD recycling facilities throughout the US. Results revealed that aluminum, arsenic and chromium concentrations were distributed evenly throughout all four size fractions. As for the remaining chemicals, most samples had lower concentrations in the 19–4.8 mm size range. In some samples and for certain chemicals, removal of the finer size fractions reduced overall concentrations in CDD fines, suggesting that additional processing may be worth further investigation.