Creating local ecological footprints in a North American context

Many urban areas face conflicts between economic growth and environmental limitations. The ecological footprint is popular for communicating the global impacts of local activities, and if calculated at the local level, should be useful in emphasising the impacts of local planning, engaging community members, and allowing intra-community comparisons. We compare the two dominant methods for local ecological footprints: the compound and component methods. Both fail to adequately represent local footprints in North America. We propose a hybrid component method that takes advantage of the benefits of the component method but incorporates interpolation from the compound method to address data limitations. Grounded in Montreal, Canada, a city currently facing significant conflict between environment and growth, the study applies the hybrid method and discusses its potential benefits and limitations for community activists and planners.     

快速杀灭紫茎泽兰的新技术研究

主要针对外来入侵植物紫茎泽兰的快速杀灭新技术进行研究。利用植物对某些营养元素的敏感性特点,研制出紫茎泽兰专用生长抑制剂。采用喷洒紫茎泽兰生长抑制剂的方式,达到抑制紫茎泽兰生长直至杀灭的目的,以及采用在原地种植替代植物的方式防止土地再次被紫茎泽兰侵占。     

资源产业集聚对资源型城市经济增长的影响--基于夜间灯光数据的实证研究

在资源依赖背景下,发挥好资源产业集聚的正向作用,是资源型城市实现经济可持续增长的关键。基于2005—2017年山西省11个地级市面板数据,采用校正整合的夜间灯光数据度量城市经济增长,并运用系统广义矩估计法(SYS-GMM)检验了资源产业集聚对城市经济增长的影响。结果表明:资源产业集聚对资源型城市经济增长影响显著,呈“先上升,后下降”的倒“U”型关系,在资源产业集聚初期将推动城市经济增长,但过度集聚反而会抑制经济增长。     

Institutional quality,financial development and sustainable economic growth among lower income countries

This article postulates strong endogenous relationships in lower income countries between institutional quality, financial development and sustained economic growth. These associations were investigated using the vector-error correction model (VECM) and Granger causality method for a sample of 79 countries from 2005 to 2022. The findings show that (1) these variables reinforce each other in the short run. (2) In the long run, both institutional quality and financial development can fuel economic growth. (3) The positive effect of institutional quality on economic growth is greater than that of financial development. Policy implications of these findings are that careful attention should be paid to co-development policies to enhance the institutional quality and the financial system in these economies. Policies should also consider economic growth strategies to enable sustainable economic growth rates.     

A TECHNIQUE TO RECONSTRUCT RIVER DISCHARGE HISTORY FROM TREE-RINGS1

ABSTRACT: Cores were obtained from several tree species located both on a river floodplain and a nearby terrace. A ratio of annual tree growth on floodplains to terrace growth was developed and shown to be related to the annual river discharge. Growth ratios from the time prior to written records can therefore be used to reconstruct river discharge and infer past unrecorded flood frequency. Oak and basswood ratios yielded the best models for discharge reconstruction, whereas those of elm and birch were less useful. This method permits reconstruction of river discharge from an assemblage of growth cores obtained within a relatively small area.     

基于应力分析的机载电子设备可靠性加速增长试验技术研究

本文论述了基于应力分析的机载电子设备可靠性加速增长试验流程和方法,以某机载惯导产品为例说明了加速系数计算方法。这一方法对于其他机载电子产品的可靠性评估工作有一定的指导意义。     

植物激素对平菇菌丝生长及酶活性的影响

采用固体平板和液体摇瓶培养方法,研究了赤霉素、2,4-D、吲哚乙酸和萘乙酸4种激素对平菇-126菌丝生长及酶活性的影响。结果表明,吲哚乙酸虽然能提高发酵液胞外蛋白的含量和过氧化物酶活性,但对菌丝的生长起抑制作用,这与吲哚乙酸能引起平菇菌丝裂解和细胞膜渗漏有关;萘乙酸、低浓度2,4-D能促进菌丝的伸长;萘乙酸、赤霉素在低浓度下也能促进菌丝的分枝,对菌丝的生长整体上起促进作用。除吲哚乙酸外,其他3种激素对平菇菌丝生长影响都有两重性：低浓度下能促进菌丝的生长,浓度过高则会对菌丝生长产生毒害作用。     

中国环境污染与经济增长关系的实证分析

运用主成分分析法、格兰杰因果分析法、基于VAR模型的广义脉冲响应函数法与方差分解法对我国1989-2009年期间环境污染与经济增长的动态关系进行了研究.结果表明,经济增长是导致我国环境污染的重要原因,发展经济带来的环境恶化具有滞后性;经济增长的代价是环境污染,且这种交换是一种长期模式.然而,环境污染带来的经济增长却是短暂的,其动力很快将会消失殆尽,并长期反作用于经济增长,制约经济的长期发展.     

龙须草的生长习性、繁殖方法和高产栽培技术

本文介绍了龙须草的生长习性、繁殖方法、水土保持栽培方法和高产栽培密度,以及其施肥技术     

白鹃梅的开发利用

主要介绍了白鹃梅的分布、生长习性、营养价值以及其它利用价值,阐述了白鹃梅在食品工业中的加工方法和应用前景.     

河南省主要粮食作物波动分析

为了减少粮食生产波动给粮食安全带来的不良影响,采用剩余法对改革开放以来河南省主要粮食作物的波动特征进行了分析。结果表明,河南省的粮食总产和三大粮食作物产量在今后一段时间内都将保持增长趋势,粮食产量的增加主要得益于单产的增加,主要粮食作物波动属古典型波动,波动剧烈。河南省粮食总产的波动指数和三大粮食作物产量波动指数的相关性基本相当,说明河南省粮食总产的波动受三大粮食作物的影响基本相等,提出了河南省粮食生产的建议。     

植物激素对平菇茵丝生长及酶活性的影响

采用固体平板和液体摇瓶培养方法,研究了赤霉素、2,4-D、吲哚乙酸和萘乙酸4种激素对平菇- 126菌丝生长及酶活性的影响.结果表明,吲哚乙酸虽然能提高发酵液胞外蛋白的含量和过氧化物酶活性,但对菌丝的生长起抑制作用,这与吲哚乙酸能引起平菇菌丝裂解和细胞膜渗漏有关;萘乙酸、低浓度2,4-D能促进菌丝的伸长;萘乙酸、赤霉素在低浓度下也能促进菌丝的分枝,对菌丝的生长整体上起促进作用.除吲哚乙酸外,其他3种激素对平菇菌丝生长影响都有两重性:低浓度下能促进菌丝的生长,浓度过高则会对菌丝生长产生毒害作用.     

Environmental pollution,hydropower and nuclear energy generation before and after catastrophe: Bathtub-Weibull curve and MS-VECM methods

In this paper, the life span of hydro and nuclear energy generations and the relationship between hydro and nuclear energy generations, environmental pollution, and economic growth were investigated for Japan covering the period of 1960–2018 by employing the Bathtub-Weibull curve and Markov switching-vector error correcting (MSVEC) method, respectively. According to the Bathtub-Weibull curve analysis, a rising failure rate for nuclear energy was found, indicating that the life of nuclear energy has expired, but a decreasing failure rate for hydroelectric energy has been detected. Then two different MSVEC models were used. The MSVEC method, unlike traditional approaches, determines the relationship between variables under different regimes. The results of MSVEC methods indicate three important points. First, regime-dependent asymmetry and regime changes are crucial for policy recommendations. Second, the shocks to hydropower and nuclear energy generations cause temporary deviations from the long-run growth path in both regimes. Lastly, the increase in hydropower generation leads to a decrease in environmental pollution and an increase in GDP, and an increase in nuclear power generation increases pollution and growth in both regimes.     

硫酸钠对白三叶种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

通过室内沙基培养法测定白三叶种子的发芽率、发芽势、株高、根系活力、叶绿素含量、丙二醛和可溶性糖含量,研究了不同浓度的硫酸钠对白三叶种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。试验结果表明,白三叶在硫酸钠作用下随着浓度增高,发芽势、发芽率、株高、叶绿素含量、根系活力均表现出下降趋势,对白三叶种子萌发和幼苗生长均表现出抑制作用,而丙二醛和可溶性糖含量表现出上升趋势。     

安徽四大区域对外开放度与经济增长的分析

对外开放度是测量一个地区经济发展国际化程度的一个重要标志。以SPSS12．0为分析工具,运用回归分析方法,对安徽省四大区域对外开放度差异进行了测定和分析。2000年以来,安徽省四大经济区域对外开放度有了明显提高,但基础设施、区位条件、产业结构等方面的差异导致四大区域之间、区域内部以及地市之间的对外开放度存在明显差异。回归分析显示,对外开放度与安徽区域经济增长有着显著的相关性。     

Does salt marsh fertilization enhance shellfish production? An application of flow analysis

The method of flow analysis, which is similar to economic input-output analysis, is presented as a means of making flow models of ecological systems more useful to environmental managers. This paper considers as an illustration the extent to which nitrogen fertilizer added toSpartina salt marsh sediments can enhance shellfish growth. Nitrogen flow models of both the Barataria Bay salt marsh complex of coastal Louisiana and the Sippewissett Marsh of western Cape Cod are analyzed. The analysis shows the transfer of added nitrogen to shellfish growth viaSpartina growth, decomposition, and detrital feeding to be considerably less efficient than its transfer toSpartina growth itself. These results are similar for both marsh systems, despite their great physical differences and despite the inclusion of considerably more microbial processing of nitrogen in the Barataria Bay model than in the Sippewissett models. The results suggest that the most efficient mechanism by which added nitrogen could enhance shellfish growth in salt marshes may have to bypass the route through theSpartina life cycle.     

基于RS的成都市城市扩张监测与分析

随着21世纪人口和经济的快速增长,城市扩张速度明显加快,如何快速获取城市的扩张信息并进行分析,对城市的规划和可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。采用监督分类方法对3个时相的成都市建成区进行提取,并分析比较。在此基础上,结合相关的统计数据分析,得出成都市城区的扩张与经济发展密切相关,人口增长与基础设施完善也起到了重要的驱动作用。     

结构红利与资源诅咒——西部大开发以来内蒙古产业结构变迁绩效评价

统计分析表明,西部大开发以来内蒙古经济存在越来越严重的就业-产值结构偏离趋势。采用shilt—share方法分别对西部大开以来内蒙古、西部和全国的劳动生产率进行分解和比较分析发现,内蒙古的结构红利不显著。因此,近年来内蒙古经济虽有良好的增长绩效,但其资源依赖型增长正通过价格机制和制度效率两个途径制约着产业结构的高级化与合理化变迁,即存在潜在的资源诅咒问题。     

IMPACT ON GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF CONVERSION FROM FURROW TO DRIP IRRIGATION1

ABSTRACT A model is developed to analyze the groundwater conservation and depletion effects of converting sugarcane irrigation from the furrow to the drip method. The results do not support the commonly held notion that more efficient use of irrigation water will release scarce water supplies for metropolitan growth.     

大鼠全胚胎培养方法的建立及其在若干农药致畸研究中的应用

本文通过对体内、体外大鼠胚胎生长发育的对比研究，在本实验室建立植入后大鼠全胚胎培养方法，并应用该法探讨农药敌枯双和除草剂８３－１对体外大鼠胚胎的毒作用和臻致畸作用，为其安全性评价提供进一步的科学依据。