西太湖宜兴段湖滨带水质现状分析

正本文以太湖西岸宜兴段湖滨带为研究对象,对沿岸水域水质进行采样分析,并对太湖西岸宜兴段湖滨带水质进行分区段研究,为有效地保护西太湖湖滨带生境提供参考。太湖滨湿地是湖泊湿地重要组成部分,它位于湖泊的湖滨带,是湖泊与其周围环境间物质和能量交换的重要通道,具有固岸护岸、拦截径流污染物、保持生物多样性以及景观美学等方面的价值,是湖泊生态系统的重要保护屏障。由于特殊的地理位置,湖滨带是湖泊水体中最易污染的区域。     

利用二维模型求解太湖水质CODMn的研究

在二维黎曼近似解模型的基础上建立了太湖水质预测模型，并运用该模型对太湖的水质指标CODMn了模拟。模拟的结果跟太湖各监测站的测量值相接近，表明该模型能较好的运用于太湖的水质预测。     

新疆博斯腾湖生态安全综合评估

在收集博斯腾湖流域相关资料的基础上,针对博斯腾湖流域的特点,选择湖泊流域经济社会影响、湖泊水生态健康、湖泊生态系统服务功能和人类活动的调控管理等方面对博斯腾湖进行一系列生态安全综合评估。基于"驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应"(DPSIR)评估模型,构建评估指标体系,计算出博斯腾湖生态安全指数(ESI)。本评估为博斯腾湖生态安全管理及生态环境保护提供了科学依据。     

浅水型湖泊水温日成层现象的初步探讨——以太湖为例

水温是湖泊环境研究中的重要物理参数之一。本文以典型浅水型湖泊———太湖为研究对象,根据连续定点监测资料,分析了太湖的水温结构及其影响因素,证明了日成层现象的存在,并从物理、化学和生物学角度论述了水温分层现象对湖泊水质的影响。     

东太湖茭草资源的开发利用

本文论述了东太湖茭草资源的现状及对环境的影响,揭示其生态失调、利用价值下降的趋势,勾保护湖泊资源和水利功能,提出了开发治理对策。     

新疆艾比湖湿地开发及环境效益分析

以新疆典型湖泊湿地艾比湖为主要研究区,并与东部洪泽湖、中部鄱阳湖和西部青海湖在生态系统服务功能、生态经济价值等方面进行了比较。由于气候、资源特点不同,各个湖泊湿地的开发方式和开发力度不同,使湖泊湿地的环境效益不同,产生了一系列生态环境问题,由此提出了湖泊湿地的开发利用建议。     

大型浅水湖泊三维水环境数值模拟及关键参数研究

浅水湖泊也存在水动力垂向分层结构及污染物垂向非均匀分布情况,水力结构对水环境变化有重要影响,需要采用更加精细化的数学模型模拟其过程。针对国内外大型浅水湖泊三维水环境数值模拟相关研究及水动力参数取值方案进行了综述,对现有成果进行了总结与分析。指出下一步亟需构建复杂边界条件下的生态动力学模型,探索多条件耦合的富营养化微观响应机制,加强数值模拟精细化及参数规范化研究,为探索浅水湖泊水动力及水环境提供理论依据和技术支撑。     

湖泊健康评价指标体系及评价方法初探

湖泊健康评价是进行湖泊监测和管理的基础。丰富了湖泊生态系统健康的概念,指出其应当考虑湖泊的各种服务功能。以湖泊生态系统健康概念为基础,构建了湖泊健康评价指标体系,给出16个综合评价指标及各指标评分方法。以四川大学明远湖为例,采用层次分析法（AHP）计算各指标权重,对其进行健康评价,得出健康综合指数为3.55,表明整个湖泊处于＂较健康＂状态,分析了影响湖泊健康状态的疾病因子及湖泊的生态修复方法。     

基于熵权的巢湖水生态健康模糊综合评价

在对巢湖水生态状况深入调查研究的基础上,确立了湖泊生态系统健康评价指标体系,确定了各指标健康等级的阙值范围,建立了基于熵权的湖库水生态健康模糊综合评价模型。并选取1980年巢湖的水质和水生态数据作为本底值。运用熵权法对2000～2005年整个湖泊生态系统的健康状况进行了客观评价,结果表明2004—2005年巢湖水生态系统均处于较差健康状态。本方法的计算结果表明采用熵权综合健康指数法对其进行生态系统健康评价具有很好的可靠性和实用性。最后根据实际提出了湖库水生态安全综合管理对策。     

基于流场分析的人工湖设计研究

在人工湖设计研究中考虑湖泊流场分析,通过优化调整湖泊形态以改善人工湖水动力条件,维持水体水质情况。以临漳新城区人工湖为例,利用MIKE21模型对初步湖泊形态的流场情况进行模拟,并对调整后的湖泊形态进行验证分析。基于流场模拟结果和周边土地利用类型提出人工湖驳岸建设方案,为城市新区人工湖设计提供科学依据。     

Chlorophyll a Simulation in a Lake Ecosystem Using a Model with Wavelet Analysis and Artificial Neural Network

Accurate and reliable forecasting is important for the sustainable management of ecosystems. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) simulation and forecasting can provide early warning information and enable managers to make appropriate decisions for protecting lake ecosystems. In this study, we proposed a method for Chl a simulation in a lake that coupled the wavelet analysis and the artificial neural networks (WA–ANN). The proposed method had the advantage of data preprocessing, which reduced noise and managed nonstationary data. Fourteen variables were included in the developed and validated model, relating to hydrologic, ecological and meteorologic time series data from January 2000 to December 2009 at the Lake Baiyangdian study area, North China. The performance of the proposed WA–ANN model for monthly Chl a simulation in the lake ecosystem was compared with a multiple stepwise linear regression (MSLR) model, an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and a regular ANN model. The results showed that the WA-ANN model was suitable for Chl a simulation providing a more accurate performance than the MSLR, ARIMA, and ANN models. We recommend that the proposed method be widely applied to further facilitate the development and implementation of lake ecosystem management.     

新沟河排水对太湖水环境影响研究

太湖西北部尤其是梅梁湖水质较差,新沟河延伸拓浚工程实施后,可通过外排梅梁湖水改变太湖的水动力水质环境.利用Mike21建立太湖二维水动力水质数学模型,研究该工程实施后对太湖水动力水质的影响.研究得到:新沟河工程实施后,可有效改善梅梁湖的水动力条件,梅梁湖换水周期缩短13.3％;同时,梅梁湖CODMn、 TP、TN等主要...     

巢湖对合肥市的生态响应

巢湖位于合肥市的上风向,是该市的通风口。在东南风的帮助下,为合肥市输送了大量水汽,并与合肥市形成了一个热量循环系统,使该市的生态呈现出一定的局域特性。总结了巢湖对合肥市的生态调节作用,合肥市在其发展成长过程中对巢湖生态产生的巨大影响,提出合肥市在经济发展的同时兼顾巢湖的生态作用,以促进该市经济与生态和谐发展。     

Lake eutrophication management modeling using dynamic programming

Lake eutrophication problems have received considerable attention in Taiwan, especially because they relate to the quality of drinking water. In this study, steady-state river water quality and lake eutrophication models are solved using dynamic programming algorithms to find the nutrient removal rates for eutrophication control during dry season. The kinetic cycle of chlorophyll-a, phosphorus and nitrogen for a complete-mixed lake is considered in the optimization framework. The Newton-iterative technique is adopted to solve the nonlinear equations for the steady-state lake eutrophication model. The optimization framework is applied to Cheng-Ching Lake in southern Taiwan. Several nutrient loading scenarios for eutrophication control are studied. Optimization results for nutrient removal rates and corresponding wastewater treatment capacities of each reach of the Kao-Ping River define the least cost approach to lake eutrophication control. A natural purification method, structural free water surface wetland, is also suggested to save more investment and improve river water quality at the same time.     

"平退"工程与洞庭湖区湿地生态保护

从考察洞庭湖湿地生态特征入手,探讨了"平退"工程对洞庭湖区湿地生态环境的影响,认为通过"平退"防洪标准较低或影响江湖行蓄洪水的洲滩民垸以扩大江湖槽蓄来提高江湖调蓄洪水的能力,"平退"工程不但不会破坏湖区湿地生态环境,反而会使湖洲草滩及候鸟等越冬环境得到稳定和改善.同时,提出了保护洞庭湖湿地的相关对策.     

HYDROLOGIC BALANCE OF LAKE CHAPALA (MEXICO)1

ABSTRACT: Lake Chapala, whose primary tributary is the Río Lerma, is the largest freshwater lake in Mexico and for the past 95 years has maintained an average storage capacity close to 6,700 Mm³. Starting hi the early 1970s, the Lerma-Chapala basin rapidly industrialized. In response to these upstream anthropogenic activities, the fisheries, aesthetics, and water quality of Lake Chapala have decreased as a consequence of the increasing chemical and biologic pollutants mainly from the Río Lerma. Additionally, the growth of Guadalajara has resulted in increasing potable water demands on the lake to satisfy a population currently greater than 4.5 million. During the 1980s, the outflow and water losses from the lake substantially exceeded the inflow and other water contributions. In this paper, the recent behavior of the hydrologic and bathymetric parameters of Lake Chapala are summarized and some important physical stresses on the system are identified. The focus of this work is the 1934–1989 period, and it is shown that starting around 1980 some of the main contributors to the lake water balance were severely perturbed and the lake reached its second lowest recorded level. The disturbances of the system are so severe that the entire regional ecosystem could be irreversibly affected in the near future.