二硫代氨基甲酸盐的絮凝作用机理及除油性能

用2种端氨基聚醚化合物Jeffamine-T403和Jeffamine-D230作原料分别合成了二硫代氨基甲酸盐型絮凝剂DTC-1和DTC-2,利用红外光谱分析,确认了产物分子的结构.以高岭土悬浊液为处理对象,通过考察DTC分子结构、投药量和Fe2+络离子浓度对絮凝的影响及Zeta电位的变化,讨论了DTC的作用规律和机理.结果表明,与DTC-2相比,DTC-1与Fe2+络合可形成网状超分子结构,故产生的絮体具有较好的网捕作用.金属离子为Fe3+时,絮凝性能较差.DTC-1除油能力强,在 Fe2+的配合下, 20mg/L的投加量可使油浓度从 93.9,404.3, 878.6mg/L分别降至1.1,3.2,6.4mg/L.     

Performance of dithiocarbamate-type flocculant in treating simulated polymer flooding produced water

Produced water from polymer flooding is di cult to treat due to its high polymer concentration, high viscosity, and emulsified characteristics. The dithiocarbamate flocculant, DTC (T403), was prepared by the amine-terminated polyoxypropane-ether compound known as Je amine-T403. The product was characterized by IR spectra and elemental analysis. The DTC agent chelating with Fe2+ produced a network polymer matrix, which captured and removed oil droplets e ciently. Oil removal by the flocculent on simulated produced water with 0, 200, 500, 900 mg/L of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) was investigated for aspects of e ectiveness of DTC (T403) dosage and concentrations of HPAM and Fe2+ ions in the wastewater. Results showed that HPAM had a negative influence on oil removal e ciency when DTC (T403) dosage was lower than 20 mg/L. However, residual oil concentrations in tested samples with di erent concentrations of HPAM all decreased below 10 mg/L when DTC (T403) dosage reached 30 mg/L. The concentration of Fe2+ in the initial wastewater had a slight e ect on oil removal at the range of 2–12 mg/L. Results showed that Fe3+ could not be used in place of Fe2+ as Fe3+ could not react with DTC under flocculated conditions. The e ects of mineral salts ions were also investigated.     

处理采油废水最佳絮凝剂的筛选及应用条件研究

通过絮凝-沉淀法对采油废水进行深度处理,类比聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)、聚合硫酸铝(PAS)、聚合硫酸铝铁(PAFS)、复合高分子絮凝剂(KD-11C)和生物絮凝剂6种絮凝剂对采油废水中含油量和悬浮固体(SS)含量的去除效果,通过单因素试验探究絮凝剂投加量、助凝剂投加量、温度、pH值和沉淀时间对絮凝效果的影响,并通过正交试验确定各因素影响程度的次序及最佳絮凝处理条件。结果表明:复合高分子絮凝剂絮凝效果最好;影响絮凝效果各因素的次序为温度pH值絮凝剂投加量助凝剂投加量沉淀时间;最佳絮凝处理条件是絮凝剂KD-11C投加量为50mg/L、助凝剂PAM投加量为3mg/L、温度为60℃、pH值为7.5、沉淀时间为30min。     

强化混凝与Fenton试剂氧化处理含聚采油废水的中试研究

采用强化混凝加Fenton试剂氧化技术组合工艺研究其对含聚采油废水的处理效果。分别考察了混凝反应pH及混凝药剂投加浓度和Fenton试剂氧化反应中H2O2以及Fe2+的投加浓度对含聚采油废水处理效果的影响。试验结果表明,在最佳反应条件下,废水的COD达到48 mg/L,SS达到9 mg/L,色度达到16倍,能够达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准。强化混凝加Fenton试剂氧化技术组合工艺对含聚采油废水具有良好的处理效果。     

Fenton氧化和絮凝作用对干法腈纶聚合废水中有机物的去除

采用Fenton法预处理干法腈纶聚合废水,考察H2O2投加量、Fe2+投加量及pH对Fenton反应过程中氧化和絮凝作用去除废水有机物的影响。结果表明,在H2O2投加量为90 mmolL,Fe2+投加量为30 mmolL,初始pH为3.0的条件下,反应120 min后调节pH至6.0进行絮凝,废水中TOC总去除率可达55.6%,Fenton氧化和絮凝作用可实现较好的有机物去除效果。Fenton氧化后将pH调至8.0,有利于絮体的沉降,在实际应用中更加合理。三维荧光光谱(EEM)和荧光区域积分(FRI)发现,Fenton反应能够去除废水中大部分类蛋白易降解有机物,氧化作用对废水中类富里酸有机物的去除作用较小,该类物质主要通过絮凝作用去除。     

Fenton试剂氧化法处理印染废水实验研究

通过将Fenton法应用于印染废水的处理,研究pH值、温度、反应时间、Fe2+投加量以及H2O2投加量对Fenton试剂处理印染废水的影响,同时确定Fenton法处理印染废水的最适反应条件。实验结果表明:(1)最适反应条件,即pH值、温度、反应时间、Fe2+投加量、H2O2投加量分别为3,50℃,45 min,70 mg/L,2.5 mL/L,此时COD的去除率最高,为66.60%。(2)pH值为3时,下列因素对COD的去除率影响程度大小依次为H2O2投加量Fe2+投加量反应时间反应温度。     

Fenton试剂+SBR法处理纤维素废水的研究

采用Fenton试剂+SBR法对COD很高的纤维素废水进行处理。首先用絮凝法预处理纤维素废水,然后加入Fenton试剂进行处理,得出在pH为3、Fe2+用量为1.5×10-2 mol/L即2.28 g/L、H2O2的投加量为0.858 g/L、H2O2和Fe2+的投加量比为6、反应时间为4 h时效果最佳,COD降到1 002.8 mg/L,去除效率为88.3%。然后进行SBR生物处理,厌氧处理8 h,好样处理10 h,此时COD处理效果最好为92.8 mg/L,去除效率为90.7%,BOD5为46.8 mg/L,去除效率为88.3%。     

pH过程控制对铁炭微电解-Fenton影响中试研究

采用铁炭微电解-Fenton联合工艺处理制药废水生化出水,探讨了初始pH对微电解过程COD降解速率、出水中Fe2+和Fe3+变化规律以及后续Fenton氧化效果的影响,为优化联合工艺提出了微电解反应pH过程控制的理论。采用pH过程控制时,微电解对COD降解速率大大提高,降解过程基本符合零级反应动力学,同时可大大提高Fe2+和Fe3+浓度及总铁析出量。试验结果表明:当初始pH=2.5,以3.0L/h连续性投加稀硫酸100 min,曝气微电解反应2 h,出水再投加1.0mL/L的H2O2进行Fenton氧化2 h,出水COD总去除率可达85.6%;采用pH过程控制可将微电解出水ρ(Fe2+)浓度从48.6 mg/L提高至149 mg/L,COD降解速率从10.9 mg/(L·h)提高至23.8 mg/(L·h)。     

响应面法优化印染废水的脱色研究

以肼黄染料废水为模拟对象,在单因素试验的基础上通过响应面法优化Fenton氧化的脱色效果,研究了初始pH值、Fe2+投加量和H2O2投加量3个因素在该废水脱色过程中的显著性和交互性.结果表明,这3个因素对肼黄染料废水的脱色率的影响均具有显著性,且初始pH值与Fe2+投加量的交互影响、Fe2+投加量与H2O2投加量的交互影响也具有显著性.响应面法优化得到的最佳脱色工艺:初始pH值为3.19,Fe2+质量浓度为23.2 mg/L,H2O2质量浓度为345.4 mg/L,反应温度45℃,反应时间5 min;在此条件下的理论脱色率为90.85％,与3次实际平行试验的脱色率均值仅相差2.30％.     

化学絮凝剂预处理马铃薯淀粉废水的比较研究

马铃薯淀粉废水产生的季节性使得常规生物处理应用起来存在很大困难,采用絮凝剂对废水进行预处理可减轻后续处理负担。文章使用常规化学絮凝剂AlCl3、Fe2(SO4)3、PAM以及有机和无机之间的相互复配对马铃薯淀粉废水进行絮凝预处理,研究了投药量、废水pH值、助凝剂CaCl2投加量以及沉降时间等因素对絮凝效果的影响,确定了各絮凝剂处理废水的较佳絮凝条件,并在较佳条件下处理废水,通过综合比较处理效率、处理成本、絮凝条件难易程度等方面,确定了马铃薯淀粉废水的较佳絮凝剂为AlCl3+PAM,其具有废水处理效果好(COD去除率为41.08%,浊度去除率为95.06%,色度去除率为90.63%)、投药量少(2mLAlCl3+0.3mLPAM)、助凝剂投加量少(1mLCaCl)2、较佳pH在废水初始pH范围内、处理成本低(11.05元/t废水)、产生污泥量少(649g/t废水)等优点。     

油田作业废水臭氧化处理技术的实验研究

针对油田作业废水(COD)高、难降解的特点,探讨了废水的pH、COD初始浓度、臭氧投加量和臭氧化时间等因素对油田作业废水的COD去除效果的影响。结果表明,臭氧化对油田作业废水COD去除效果影响的主要因素为废水pH、废水的COD和臭氧投加量;当废水的COD为1064.0mg/L、pH为3.0、臭氧投加量为10g/L时,废水的COD去除率达到69.1%;臭氧化处理对低浓度油田作业废水的COD去除效果低于其对高浓度废水的处理效果。     

石灰-铁盐法预处理煤制油废水的研究

考察了石灰-铁盐混凝沉淀法预处理煤制油废水时,不同条件参数对废水中COD的去除率及B/C的影响.研究结果表明:控制水温30℃,石灰乳调节pH为10.5左右,聚合硫酸铁投加量为500 mg/L,聚丙烯酰胺的投加量为10mg/L,为最佳预处理工艺条件.经该工艺混凝预处理后废水COD从4 502 mg/L下降到2 026 m...     

Fe2+-H2O2法处理DSD酸生产氧化母液的研究

为改善DSD酸氧化母液的可生化降解性,将废液先用有机絮凝剂TS-1(一种季胺盐)处理,TS-1的投加量为3g/L,其后用Fe²⁺-H₂O₂法氧化,Fe²⁺和H₂O₂的量分别为150mg/L,7g/L,废液COD和色度的去除率分别可达64%和62%。经处理后的废水,其BOD₅/COD≈0.3,可以认为已达到生化处理的要求。当H₂O₂的投量为2g/L,经Fe²⁺-H₂O₂氧化处理后的废液,再用FeCl₃进行两级混凝处理(FeCl₃的投加量分别为5g/L和2g/L),则COD和色度的去除率可达90%和95%。     

均相Fenton法处理干法腈纶废水工艺优化与分析

采用均相Fenton法处理干法腈纶废水,并通过单因素试验和基于中心组合设计的响应面法考察了H2O2投加量、Fe2+投加量、初始pH值及反应时间的影响及其交互作用.同时,建立了以COD去除率为响应值的二次响应曲面模型,并采用方差分析对模型进行了验证.结果表明,影响COD去除效果的各因子显著性顺序依次为:Fe2+投加量>H2O2投加量>初始pH值>反应时间;Fe2+投加量与初始pH值的交互作用最为显著;反应最优组合条件为:H2O2投加量90.0mmol.L-1,Fe2+投加量30.0mmol.L-1、初始pH值3.1,反应时间113.6min,该条件下COD去除率为47.1%,与模型预测值48.5%基本一致.     

添加原水改善SBR工艺处理猪场废水厌氧消化液性能

采用序批式反应器(SBR)工艺直接处理猪场废水厌氧消化液,处理系统的效率较低,COD去除率仅有10%左右,NH₄⁺-N去除率70%左右;处理出水水质较差,出水COD高于1 000mg/L,出水NH₄⁺-N在200mg/L左右;处理系统的工作不稳定,效能逐渐恶化.在猪场废水厌氧消化液中添加部分未经厌氧消化的猪场废水(原水),处理系统的处理效率明显提高,COD去除率高于80%,出水COD降到250～350mg/L;NH₄⁺-N去除率高于99%,出水NH₄⁺-N小于10mg/L;处理系统的稳定性也得到增强.添加原水后,猪场废水厌氧消化液的BOD₅/COD比值从0.19上升到0.54,BOD₅/TN比值从0.28上升到2.04,增加了微生物生长和反硝化所需的碳源,强化了反硝化作用,不仅提高了总氮去除效率,而且通过回补碱度,维持了处理系统的pH值稳定.     

Oxidative removal of acetaminophen using zero valent aluminum-acid system: Efficacy, influencing factors, and reaction mechanism

Commercial available zero valent aluminum under air-equilibrated acidic conditions (ZVAl/H⁺/air system) demonstrated an excellent capacity to remove aqueous organic compounds. Acetaminophen (ACTM), the active ingredient of the over-the-counter drug Tylenol^®, is widely present in the aquatic environment and therefore the treatment of ACTM-contaminated water calls for further research. Herein we investigated the oxidative removal of ACTM by ZVAl/H⁺/air system and the reaction mechanism. In acidic solutions (pH < 3.5), ZVAl displayed an excellent capacity to remove ACTM. More than 99% of ACTM was eliminated within 16 hr in pH 1.5 reaction solutions initially containing 2.0 g/L aluminum and 2.0 mg/L ACTM at 25 ± 1\textcelsius. Higher temperature and lower pH facilitated ACTM removal. The addition of different iron species Fe⁰, Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ into ZVAl/H⁺/air system dramatically accelerated the reaction likely due to the enhancing transformation of H₂O₂ to HO. via Fenton's reaction. Furthermore, the primary intermediate hydroquinone and the anions formate, acetate and nitrate, were identified and a possible reaction scheme was proposed. This work suggested that ZVAl/H⁺/air system may be potentially employed to treat ACTM-contaminated water.     

高级氧化处理苯酚废水的研究

采用Fenton试剂和O3对COD为950mg/L的苯酚废水进行化学氧化处理,通过实验确定各自最佳的运行参数。Fenton:n(H2O2)=36mmol/L,n(H2O2):n(Fe2+)=3,pH为3,反应时间为2h,COD去除率为90%;O3:投加量为1200mg/L,pH为11时COD的去除率为60%,两种氧化技术都有较好的处理效果。     

戊二醛交联酵母菌对Zn2+，Cd2+和Hg2+的吸附行为

用戊二醛作为交联剂,采用简单的方法制备机械强度高的交联酵母菌.考察菌体吸附Cd2 的影响因素,包括交联剂的用量,pH,金属离子初始质量浓度,吸附时间等,研究菌体对不同质量浓度的Zn2 ,Cd2 和Hg2 的吸附率.结果表明,戊二醛的最佳用量(体积分数)为1.0%,菌体对金属离子的吸附平衡时间为30 min,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程.吸附为Langmuir单分子层吸附,相对于未交联菌,交联酵母菌对Cd2 的吸附容量提高2倍;pH实验表明,交联酵母菌对金属离子的吸附受酸度影响小.用于冶金厂废水的处理结果显示,0.050 0 g的交联酵母菌,对5.3 mg/L的Cd2 污水的去除率为80.6%,用0.1 mol/L的EDTA再生该吸附剂,Cd2 的解析率达92.1%.     

Effects of ferrous and manganese ions on anammox process in sequencing batch biofilm reactors

Ferrous and manganese ions, as essential elements, significantly affect the synthesis of Haem-C, which participates in the energy metabolism and proliferation of anammox bacteria. In this study, two identical sequencing batch biofilm reactors were used to investigate the effects of ferrous and manganese ions on nitrogen removal efficiency and the potential of metal ions serving as electron donor/acceptors in the anammox process. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was applied to investigate the microbial growth. Results showed that the nitrogen removal increased at high concentrations of Fe2＋ and Mn2＋ and the maximum removal efficiency was nearly 95% at Fe2＋ 0.08 mmol/L and Mn2＋ 0.05 mmol/L, which is nearly 15% and 8% higher than at the lowest Fe2＋ and Mn2＋ concentrations （0.04 and 0.0125 mmol/L）. The stabilities of the anammox reactor and the anammox bacterial growth were also enhanced with the elevated Fe2＋ and Mn2＋ concentrations. The Fe2＋ and Mn2＋were consumed by anammox bacteria along with the removal of ammonia and nitrite. Stoichiometry analysis showed Fe2＋ could serve as an electron donor for NO3-N in the anammox process. Nitrate could be reduced with Fe2＋ serving as the electron donor in the anammox system, which causes the value of NO~-N/NH4-N to decrease with the increasing of N-removal efficiency.