建设项目环境影响评价现状监测应注意的若干问题

建设项目环境影响评价现状监测是环境影响评价的基础,环评结论是否可信,在很大程度上取决于环境现状监测的代表性、公正性和准确性。结合工作经验,本文提出当前环评现状监测时应注意的几个问题。     

环境影响评价工作现状与对策

通过对环境影响评价工作现状进行分析，找出中间存在的问题，并有针一地从健全环评预审制度、建立责任追究制度、提高环评质量以及加强各环节管理等方面提出相应对策。     

新疆水环境质量监测现状、问题及对策

水环境质量监测是环境质量监测的重要组成部分,其任务是说清区域水环境质量现状、问题及变化趋势,为环境管理决策提供依据。本文简要介绍了新疆环保系统的水环境质量监测工作现状及存在问题,并提出了相应的对策建议,以期为进一步改进新疆水环境质量监测与管理工作提供参考。     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测中存在的问题

结合建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作实际；对监测过程中存在的具体问题进行了分析；提出了解决问题的方法和途径，为进一步搞好这项工作做了有益的探索．     

建设项目现状环境影响评价数据引用的探讨

对建设项目环境影响现状监测历史数据的所有权归属进行了分析,环境监测机构具有现状监测成果的所有权,委托方有使用权.应对环境现状监测数据进行知识产权保护,使监测数据得到更好利用.     

减排监测体系建设存在的问题与对策

对全国减排监测体系建设的现状进行了较详尽的分析,指出减排监测体系建设中主要存在管理体制不顺、自动监控管理不到位、资金投入不畅等问题,并针对这些问题提出了相应的对策。     

新疆生态环境应急监测工作存在的问题及对策措施研究

本文在总结疫情防控期间新疆生态环境监测机构环境应急监测工作开展情况的基础上,分析提出新疆生态环境应急监测工作存在问题和短板,并针对性地提出解决对策措施.     

输变电建设项目环评中存在的问题与建议

结合330kV永凉输变电工程环境影响评价工作，讨论目前在输变电建设项目环评中存在的几个问题，并提出了相应建议。     

对南京地区建设项目环境影响评价工作问题的探讨

建设项目环境影响报告书审批制度,是我国借鉴美国等国家的环境政策而制定的一项控制新污染,实现经济效益和环境效益协调发展的制度,1979年被列为《中华人民共和国环境保护法》(试行)的一项法律条款。1981年国家环保局颁布的《基本建设环境保护管理办法》,明确了编制建设项目环境影响报告书的工作程序和内容,1986年国家环保局又颁布了重新制定的《建设项目环境保护管理办法》,其后各省陆续制定了实施细则。但是,这项工作还存在许多问题,本文仅就近年来南京地区建设项目“环评”工作存在的问题进行初步探讨。     

县（市）级开展工业废水污染物总量监测存在的问题与对策

对县(市)地区工业废水污染物总量监测存在的问题进行了分析，并提出了相应的对策和建议。     

建立适应环保新形势下的多元化环境监测体系

指出我国目前环境监测体系中不能满足环境管理需求的各类问题,对建立新形势下多元化环境监测体系进行了可行性分析,同时介绍了美、日等国多元化环境监测体系运营的经验,提出了职责界定、制度建立、强化监管、市场培育等推进多元化环境监测体系建设的对策。     

浅谈水污染事故的应急监测

突发性水污染事故危害大,要求应急监测工作快速、及时和准确,要尽快找到污染发生源.说清污染物的空间和时间变化特征,迁移和变化趋势,污染物的排放总量,现场应急措施的效果等,便于相关人员进一步优化处理措施和试验方案.文章叙述了常见水污染事故的应急监测方法,并讨论了水污染事故应急监测过程中应注意的一些问题.     

中国土壤环境监测的现状、问题与对策

通过对中国土壤环境监测现状的分析评价,提出了未来需要建立的土壤环境监测技术体系和需要重点开展的土壤环境监测科研领域。     

Comparison of China’s Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Law with the European Union (EU) EIA Directive

In this paper, we first review the development of China’s Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system in the past 30 years. Then we compare the framework and operational procedures of China’s new EIA law with those of the EU EIA Directive. We also compare public participation, as well as sanctions and control in the two EIA systems. In addition, we identify where the processes in both EIA systems are similar or different from one another. By comparison, we noted that there are at least three obvious weaknesses in China’s EIA system: (1) the application of new models for EIA legislation; (2) the improvement of EIA guidance and education; and (3) the enhancement of public participation in EIA process. Our study indicates that these three major shortcomings should be overcome and improved in China’s EIA system, when compared with the EU EIA system.     

Expert System for Terrestrial Vegetation Distribution, Potential Impact and Mitigation Abatement Measures

The tropical rainforest of Malaysia holds one of the richest flora in the world. The favourable climate has produced flora of amazing richness and variety. Terrestrial vegetation of tropical rainforests is an important feature of the environment. Plants play a major role in the environment and conservation of a particular environment depends fundamentally on the maintenance of existing plants and their communities and hierarchies. Interference in the balance of the ecosystem may produce radical changes that lead to progressive deviations from the original situation. Therefore, the application of a computer technology in the form of an expert system (ES) will be able to help in the analysis and management of the EIA information. The ES is named VEGEVIC. Application of the system will lead to greater consistency in the application of EIA through implementation of a standard approach.     

城市轨道交通噪声环境影响评价方法及实例分析

基于城市轨道交通噪声环境影响的特点,对城市轨道交通噪声环境影响评价的几个关键问题进行了探讨,构建了城市轨道交通噪声环境影响评价方法及预测模式。以广州市轨道交通六号线为例,对提出的噪声环境影响评价方法进行了实证分析,结果可行。     

Rethinking human health impact assessment

Most EIA programs around the world require the consideration of human health impacts. Yet relatively few EIA documents adequately address those impacts. This article examines how, why, and to what extent health impacts are analyzed in environmental impact assessments in the U.S. An empirical study of 42 environmental impact statements found that more than half contained no mention of health impacts. In the others, health impacts were analyzed narrowly, if at all, using risk assessment to quantify the carcinogenic potential of a single substance over a single generation. This analytic focus overlooks other significant morbidity and mortality risks, cumulative and intergenerational effects, and broader determinants of health. This article investigates these problems and provides recommendations to improve human health impact assessment, using strategic environmental assessment, qualitative health data, health outcomes in addition to cancer, and a precautionary approach to risk.     

Planning theories and environmental impact assessment

The limited and sporadic interaction between EIA and planning theory has meant that EIA has largely failed to benefit from planning theory insights and lessons. Obstacles and dilemmas already encountered and addressed in planning theory are still hampering EIA theory building and practice. An overview of the characteristics, strengths, and limitations of five major planning theories—rationalism, pragmatism, socio-ecological idealism (SEI), political-economic mobilization (PEM), and communications and collaboration (CC) is presented in an effort to ameliorate this problem. EIA parallels to each planning theory and lessons for EIA are identified. Also addressed are the application of planning theories to different context types, overlaps, interconnections and middle ground concepts among theories, the integration of values, ethics, and postmodern perspectives and the potential to construct composite theories.     

基于MapInfo的大气污染物复合多源模式研究及应用

研究了在MapInfp环境下的大气污染物复合多源模式,利用MapBasic编制了不同风向条件下的污染源坐标转换程序,同时利用Surfer软件绘制了污染物浓度等值线,并在MapInfo中与基础底图叠加。通过对某工业区SO2长期平均浓度的预测,证明复合多源模式在环境影响评价中具有很好的应用价值。     

青浦工业园区B区大气环境影响分析及改善对策探讨

为探讨上海青浦工业园区B区对周边大气环境的影响及可持续发展对策,选取目前入住的化工企业(主要为树脂、表面活性剂和涂料类企业)所排放的臭气浓度等特征污染因子,模拟计算其对整个区域的环境影响。结果表明,这些污染物的挥发量不是很大,但其综合效应造成监测点位臭气浓度偏高。针对工业园区开发过程中对大气环境影响的特点,提出在现有基础上调整产业结构和布局,完善园区服务,促进企业升级等措施,从源头上切实减缓工业园区经济开发对周边大气环境的不利影响,最终达到可持续发展的目的。