风景区旅游环境容量的经济学分析--兼论黄金周规模经济现象

在分析旅游黄金周部分景区超载规律的基础上,指出了在景区经营中旅游环境容量是规模经济性的度这个关系,景区超载即会产生规模不经济;并从规模经济学的角度提出了开发多元产品和调整产品线路结构等提高旅游环境容量的方法和措施.     

"九寨天堂"与九寨沟景区的互动关系

九寨天堂国际会议度假旅游中心与九寨沟景区之间存在着良性的互动关系。“九寨天堂”的开发对九寨沟景区起着积极的推动作用，九寨沟景区的发展对“九寨天堂”也有着直接的推进作用和内在优化功能，通过探讨两者之间的互动关系，旨在提出它们的良性互动模式及对策。     

莆田塔斗山景区旅游市场开发研究

分析了莆田市旅游客源现状与塔斗山景区客源现状,提出了塔斗山景区客源市场的主要影响因素.根据塔斗山景区的资源价值、市场基础、开拓条件和潜力,确定了塔斗山景区的市场定位,并从旅游产品开发设计、宣传促销等方面来开拓塔斗山景区旅游市场.     

我国旅游容量研究现状与展望CSSCI

随着旅游业的快速发展,旅游区超载问题变得日益严重,因此为旅游区制定科学的旅游容量是保证旅游区可持续发展的有效手段。当前国内旅游容量学术研究缺乏创新,逐渐进入瓶颈阶段;旅游容量指标脱离实际,且调控手段不能满足景区的实际需求,使旅游容量的功能并没有得到很好的发挥。从旅游容量概念、旅游容量模型、旅游容量管理等多个方面对我国旅游容量研究进行了梳理与总结,指出当前旅游容量研究存在定义不统一、指标缺乏规范、动态研究不深入、应用性不强的问题,并从规范指标体系构建、加强系统动力学模型研究、深化文物古迹类景区实证研究、推动管理创新研究等四个方面对旅游容量的未来研究方向进行了展望。     

不同开发模式红色旅游景区与核心旅游社区共生发展差异研究——以革命老区梅州蕉岭县为例

从旅游共生视角出发,采用实地问卷调查与访谈的方法,分析了广东梅州蕉岭县红色旅游景区与其核心旅游社区在不同共生维度上的发展差异。结果表明:位于城区的"红绿结合模式"景区与核心旅游社区在经济共生、社会共生、文化共生方面发展程度最高,达到非对称性互惠共生条件下的一体化共生;"红土结合模式"景区与核心旅游社区在经济共生、社会共生和心理共生方面发展程度较好,达到非对称性条件下的连续共生;"红古结合模式"景区与核心旅游社区处于偏利共生条件下的间歇共生;"博物馆模式"景区与核心旅游社区共生发展程度最低,处于偏利共生条件下的点共生。     

我国旅游容量研究现状与展望

随着旅游业的快速发展,旅游区超载问题变得日益严重,因此为旅游区制定科学的旅游容量是保证旅游区可持续发展的有效手段。当前国内旅游容量学术研究缺乏创新,逐渐进入瓶颈阶段;旅游容量指标脱离实际,且调控手段不能满足景区的实际需求,使旅游容量的功能并没有得到很好的发挥。从旅游容量概念、旅游容量模型、旅游容量管理等多个方面对我国旅游容量研究进行了梳理与总结,指出当前旅游容量研究存在定义不统一、指标缺乏规范、动态研究不深入、应用性不强的问题,并从规范指标体系构建、加强系统动力学模型研究、深化文物古迹类景区实证研究、推动管理创新研究等四个方面对旅游容量的未来研究方向进行了展望。     

乐山大佛-峨眉山景区的规划与管理

阐述了乐山大佛景区和峨眉山景区的历史概况和管理现状，从乐山市旅游发展总体趋势、国际旅游城市发展趋势、世界遗产保护三个方面分析了乐山大佛、峨眉山景区分开管理的弊端，提出乐山大佛-峨眉山这一世界遗产要成立统一的管委会的观点及依据，最后对乐山旅游景区管理提出了几点建议。     

天柱山旅游环境承载力研究

研究构建了旅游环境承载力模型，对天柱山旅游环境承载力进行了定量分析，并采用问卷调查方法进行了深入探讨。研究表明，天柱山具有良好的旅游环境承载力本底值，风景区尚未大片开发，空间环境容量与实际接待游客量之间尚有很大的空间，基础设施容量突显制约性作用，提出了提高环境承载力的对策与建议，为天柱山旅游可持续发展提供了理论依据。     

名山旅游区旅游环境容量动态变化规律研究——以张家界森林公园为例

在研究名山旅游区资源生态系统特点及环境管理现状的基础上,以张家界森林公园为例,对名山旅游区旅游环境容量的各要素伴随名山旅游区旅游业发展所显现的动态变化状况进行研究,探讨其变化规律,为制定合理环境管理容量与环境管理措施提供依据.     

广西凤山岩溶国家地质公园保护性生态旅游开发研究

凤山岩溶国家地质公园地质遗迹类型丰富、特征突出,地质遗迹价值珍贵,旅游开发潜力巨大。分析了凤山岩溶国家地质公园独特的资源优势,从环境解说体系、环境容量、生态旅游产品、低碳景区管理四个方面提出了保护性生态旅游开发构想。     

Adaptive capacity for climate change in Canadian rural communities

It is widely acknowledged that promoting the long-term sustainability of rural areas requires an assessment of their capacity to handle stress from a host of external and internal factors such as resource depletion, global trading agreements, service reductions and changing demographics, to name but some. The sustainability literature includes a number of approaches for conducting capacity evaluations but is sparse regarding effective methods and empirical examples. This article provides one approach for assessing community capacity and gives results from its application to a specific Canadian rural community. The authors use general capacity variables and indicators to focus on a particular stress, namely impacts from climate change, and on one type of capacity, namely the capacity to adapt (to such climatic change). A basic framework and profiling tool ('amoeba') for describing the resources underlying community adaptive capacity are offered. The researchers provide a set of indicators reflecting social, human, institutional, natural and economic resources and relate them to climate change adaptation at the community level. Although the indicators cannot be replicated exactly for other rural communities, the essentials of the framework and the profiling tool can. In fact it is hoped that the ideas and example found in this article will encourage researchers to enhance and improve on the methods and results for work on community capacity.     

Adaptive capacity for climate change in Canadian rural communities

Abstract

It is widely acknowledged that promoting the long-term sustainability of rural areas requires an assessment of their capacity to handle stress from a host of external and internal factors such as resource depletion, global trading agreements, service reductions and changing demographics, to name but some. The sustainability literature includes a number of approaches for conducting capacity evaluations but is sparse regarding effective methods and empirical examples. This article provides one approach for assessing community capacity and gives results from its application to a specific Canadian rural community. The authors use general capacity variables and indicators to focus on a particular stress, namely impacts from climate change, and on one type of capacity, namely the capacity to adapt (to such climatic change). A basic framework and profiling tool (‘amoeba’) for describing the resources underlying community adaptive capacity are offered. The researchers provide a set of indicators reflecting social, human, institutional, natural and economic resources and relate them to climate change adaptation at the community level. Although the indicators cannot be replicated exactly for other rural communities, the essentials of the framework and the profiling tool can. In fact it is hoped that the ideas and example found in this article will encourage researchers to enhance and improve on the methods and results for work on community capacity.     

油田企业环境应急监测体系

为了更好地适应新形势的需要,充分发挥环境监测机构的作用,针对油田企业突发事件的特点,结合环境监测的基本要求,简要介绍了油田企业环境应急监测体系的组织管理、应急方案、装备要求、应急体系维护及完善等方面的基本要求。科学、规范地实施环境应急监测体系,将有助于提高企业技术服务机构的竞争力,大大降低各类突发事故的损失率。     

Earthquake Planning for Government Continuity

/ The problem of assuring government operational continuity following earthquakes has been given little research attention. Recent earthquake experience has documented that government organizations without a public safety mission do incur damaged facilities and routinely see increases in public demands following an earthquake. Impediments to service delivery associated with such dam-ages can be minimized if agencies address earthquake plan elements likely to enhance postimpact functioning, including: the potential to relocate operations, protection for the workplace, possession of an organizational inventory, emergency instructions for employees, the ability to use volunteers, and communication capacity. Factors associated with the adoption of these plan elements were studied in one county government and its municipal county seat in the southwestern United States. A census of departments within these jurisdictions was asked to complete a questionnaire reporting the level of planning activity relative to each of these plan elements. It was found that the overall level of preparedness was low, but statistically significantly related to agency size, perceived risk, and information seeking. The implications of these findings underscore the potential for disruption to government service delivery and permit the identification of potential avenues for increasing levels of preparedness.KEY WORDS: Emergency planning; Earthquakes; Government preparedness     

加强顶层设计以精准数据支撑环保决策

生态环境大数据,是反映生态环境状况,污染物来源、构成及排放主体,公众环境诉求等方面的数据集合,是预测环境质量变化、评价污染治理效果、解决紧迫环境问题的科学基础。推动生态环境保护大数据的发展和应用,对于我国供给侧结构性改革,加快绿色环保产业发展,优化社会治理结构,实现治理能力现代化等,具有重大的现实意义。应加强生态环境大数据建设的顶层设计,以改善环境质量和服务民生为核心,完善法规标准,统筹基础设施建设,推动互联互通和开放共享,为公众提供便捷、高效和低成本的公共环境信息服务,让公众看得见、感受到环境质量的改善和生活环境的宜居,确保信息安全。     

Environmental Impacts of the Use of Ecosystem Services: Case Study of Birdwatching

The main reason for promoting the concept of ecosystem services lies in its potential to contribute to environmental conservation. Highlighting the benefits derived from ecosystems fosters an understanding of humans’ dependence on nature, as users of ecosystem services. However, the act of using ecosystem services may not be environmentally neutral. As with the use of products and services generated within an economy, the use of ecosystem services may lead to unintended environmental consequences throughout the ‘ecosystem services supply chain.’ This article puts forward a framework for analyzing environmental impacts related to the use of ecosystem services, indicating five categories of impact: (1) direct impacts (directly limiting the service’s future availability); and four categories of indirect impacts, i.e., on broader ecosystem structures and processes, which can ultimately also affect the initial service: (2) impacts related to managing ecosystems to maximize the delivery of selected services (affecting ecosystems’ capacity to provide other services); (3) impacts associated with accessing ecosystems to use their services (affecting other ecosystem components); (4) additional consumption of products, infrastructure or services required to use a selected ecosystem service, and their life-cycle environmental impacts; and (5) broader impacts on the society as a whole (environmental awareness of ecosystem service users and other stakeholders). To test the usefulness of this framework, the article uses the case study of birdwatching, which demonstrates all of the above categories of impacts. The article justifies the need for a broader consideration of environmental impacts related to the use of ecosystem services.     

污染源环境监管体系建设现状及对策研究

我国环境治理体系正在不断趋于完善,而有效的污染源环境监管体系是国家环境治理体系的基础和核心。本文从污染源环境监管体制、政策制度、实施运行机制以及监管能力保障等方面,系统梳理了党的十八大以来污染源环境监管体系建设主要改革举措和总体进展,分析了深化改革仍然存在的主要问题、原因和挑战。立足于进一步加强相关政策措施系统性、集成性,切实提高污染源环境监管的权威性、有效性和透明性,本文初步提出了污染源环境监管与服务体系建设的思路框架,并针对当前污染源环境监管存在的问题,从运行机制模式、监管保障体系、守法引导服务等方面提出对策建议。     

高职学生参加社区志愿活动的几点思考

高职院校大学生参加社区志愿活动具有重要的意义,有助于提高学生综合素质、增强学生社会责任感,但是其存在缺乏科学指导、缺乏持续性和学生及社区居民对其认识不足等问题。为了使高职院校学生顺利开展社区志愿服务活动,应该加强引导和管理,提高学生志愿服务意识,政府应该出台激励社区志愿活动政策,切实增强高职院校学生参加社区志愿活动的实效性。     

A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Seminatural Wetlands and Activated Sludge Wastewater-Treatment Systems

A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed to evaluate the competitiveness of seminatural Free Water Surface (FWS) wetlands compared to traditional wastewater-treatment plants. Six scenarios of the service costs of three FWS wetlands and three different wastewater-treatment plants based on active sludge processes were compared. The six scenarios were all equally effective in their wastewater-treatment capacity. The service costs were estimated using real accounting data from an experimental wetland and by means of a market survey. Some assumptions had to be made to perform the analysis. A reference wastewater situation was established to solve the problem of the different levels of dilution that characterize the inflow water of the different systems; the land purchase cost was excluded from the analysis, considering the use of public land as shared social services, and an equal life span for both seminatural and traditional wastewater-treatment plants was set. The results suggest that seminatural systems are competitive with traditional biotechnological systems, with an average service cost improvement of 2.1-fold to 8-fold, according to the specific solution and discount rate. The main improvement factor was the lower maintenance cost of the seminatural systems, due to the self-regulating, low artificial energy inputs and the absence of waste to be disposed. In this work, only the waste-treatment capacity of wetlands was considered as a parameter for the economic competitiveness analysis. Other goods/services and environmental benefits provided by FWS wetlands were not considered.

生态系统服务的三元价值理论及在大尺度生态补偿上的应用探讨

传统的生态系统服务价值评估方法在生态补偿具体实践中仍存在一些困境。本研究提出生态系统服务功能的三元价值理论,通过能值方法剥离纯自然贡献带来的服务价值、自然贡献和人类投入共同作用形成的服务价值及基于人类偏好的存在价值这三类价值,通过自然贡献可以确定生态补偿的理论基线,而人工投入(基于人类投入绩效的支付)和存在价值(基于偏好的支付)可对基线进行二级修正,进一步提出了利用三元价值理论系统解决"生态系统服务—受益区—补偿方式—补偿标准—受偿主体"问题的生态补偿路径。