活性炭纤维的表面结构及其吸附模式

迄今的吸附模式,Henry定律、Langmuir模型、BET模型、D-R方程、D-A方程都分别适用于不同的表面结构,对于活性炭纤维（Activated Corbon Fiber,ACF）这种特殊的炭吸附材料适用于哪种吸附模型,未见有文献专题论述。本论文在对ACF材料进行了大量表面结构研究的基础上,对ACF的表面结构与颗粒活性炭（GranularActivated Carbon,GAC）的表面进行了对比,并尝试性地对适用于ACF的吸附模式进行了计算和比较,得到了一些有价值的结论。     

4种吸附剂对对氯苯酚的吸附性能

研究了常温（18℃）条件下粉末活性炭（PAC）、颗粒活性炭（GAC）、天然膨润土和天然海泡石4种吸附剂对对氯苯酚（4-CP）的静态吸附规律,考察了投加灭活活性污泥对吸附性能的影响。结果表明：4种吸附剂对4-CP的吸附符合Langmiur和Freundlich吸附等温式,且吻合良好;4种吸附剂对4-CP的饱和吸附量不同,大小顺序为：PAC〉GAC〉天然膨润土〉天然海泡石;灭活活性污泥与4种吸附剂共存时,降低了4种吸附剂对4-CP的吸附能力。     

活性炭吸附-微波诱导氧化处理有机废水

研究了化工废水中有机污染物在颗粒活性炭(GAC)上的吸附行为,以及用微波辐照再生活性炭使污染物被诱导氧化的过程.结果表明,污染物在GAC上的吸附动力学为一级过程,修正后的Freundlich 吸附等温线模型能更好地定量描述其吸附过程.再生后活性炭的碘值可以达到900mg·g-1左右,且能耗相对较低.     

活性炭/过一硫酸盐降解水中金橙Ⅱ:活性炭的循环利用

研究了常温常压下颗粒状活性炭(GAC)与过一硫酸盐(PMS)联合体系降解水中金橙Ⅱ时GAC可循环利用的问题.实验发现,本体系中GAC可以重复使用,循环4次后GAC的催化活性只降低了4.6%.说明该体系具有较好的GAC再生能力,氧化剂的用量越大再生能力越强.在GAC催化PMS降解金橙Ⅱ的过程中,PMS可能会氧化GAC的表面,使得GAC的催化能力得以加强.同时发现该体系中仅是GAC的催化能力得到很好的再生,而吸附能力并没有得到再生.当GAC几乎失去吸附能力时,催化能力仍几乎能保持不变.当PMS与金橙Ⅱ的物质的量之比为20∶1时,连续流实验进行10 d,GAC的催化活性仍未减弱,GAC的使用寿命较长.该体系具有很好的实际应用潜力.     

CTAC改性活性炭制备CDI电极性能

采用十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)改性粉末活性炭(PAC),来提高活性炭电极的电化学性能和电极对砷离子的吸附能力.以质量浓度为1 mmol·L~(-1)的CTAC改性粉末活性炭(PAC)12 h,并以此活性炭制备电极,电极的比电容为67 F·g~(-1),相比未改性PAC电极提升45%,电极扩散电阻稍有增加.通过优化电极制备成分配比,以CB∶PVDF∶CTAC-PAC=15∶5∶80比例制备的CTAC-PAC电极的比电容为112 F·g~(-1),相比未改性PAC电极提升143%,扩散电阻稍有增加.在100μg·L~(-1)砷溶液吸附实验中,优化制备条件后的CTAC-PAC电极,对砷离子吸附量相比未改性PAC电极提升32%,出水砷浓度为8μg·L~(-1).     

介质阻挡放电与活性炭纤维协同去除水中的3,4-二氯苯胺木

采用介质阻挡放电(DBD)非平衡等离子体与活性炭纤维(ACF)相联合的方法去除水中3,4-二氯苯胺(3,4-DCA),考察了放电功率、空气流量、溶液初始浓度、电导率、pH值以及活性炭纤维用量等因素对联合处理效率的影响,并分析了可能的去除机理.实验结果表明,在DBD非平衡等离子体与ACF联合处理有机污染物3,4-DCA的...     

硝酸改性活性炭对渗滤液中小分子有机物的吸附性能

以硝酸为改性剂,分别采用浸渍和浸渍-高温热处理方法对活性炭进行了改性.低温氮吸附结果表明,活性炭表面积和微孔体积在浸渍后都变小,再经过高温热处理后则都变大.酸碱滴定显示,改性后活性炭表面酸性都增大,其中浸渍的酸性最大.对填埋场渗滤液中小分子有机物进行了等温线和动力学吸附实验,结果发现改性后活性炭对有机物的吸附量增加;硝酸浸渍活性炭吸附速率降低,而浸渍-高温热处理则使吸附速率明显加快.针对渗滤液中小分子有机物,硝酸浸渍-高温热处理的活性炭吸附效果最好,吸附量最大,吸附速率最快.     

粉煤灰活性炭处理含铜废水的性能

为了研究粉煤灰活性炭的吸附性能,以原粉煤灰和纯活性炭作对照,比较3种吸附剂在不同时间、pH和投加量下处理含Cu(Ⅱ)废水的性能.结果表明,在pH 5,吸附时间60 min的条件下,纯活性炭、粉煤灰活性炭和粉煤灰对含Cu(Ⅱ)废水的去除率依次为100%、97%和78.7%,粉煤灰活性炭吸附性能接近纯活性炭.Cu饱和的粉煤灰活性炭,用0.2 mol.L-1浓度的HCl清洗解吸效果最好.在饱和吸附和解吸重复10次后,再生粉煤灰活性炭的吸附容量下降20%,接近活性炭的18%,充分说明粉煤灰活性炭有较好的可再生性.粉煤灰制成粉煤灰活性炭,用于含金属废水的治理,不仅效果好、成本低,还是粉煤灰资源化的重要途径,有广阔的应用前景.     

载钛活性炭纤维的制备及其对水中罗丹明B的光催化降解

通过溶胶凝胶法制备载钛活性炭纤维(TiO2-ACF)复合材料,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收(UV-Vis)、傅里叶红外分光光度计(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对TiO2-ACF进行了表征,并研究了TiO2-ACF对水中罗丹明B的光催化性能.结果表明,煅烧温度为400—600℃时,负载在ACF上的TiO2为锐钛矿型,当煅烧温度上升到700℃时,TiO2开始出现金红石型,600℃时煅烧制备的TiO2-ACF对水中罗丹明B的降解效果最佳;TiO2-ACF对罗丹明B的吸附能力比ACF低;但是在紫外光条件下,60 min后TiO2-ACF对罗丹明B的降解率比ACF、TiO2对罗丹明B的降解率分别高8.6%和16.2%,TiO2-ACF表现出较高的光催化活性.     

可燃吸附剂从焦化废水中分离潜热实现低能耗工艺的实验研究——以活性炭为例

以活性炭和焦化废水为例,将吸附废水尾水的粉末活性炭(PAC)分离,再吸附原水,从吸附过程和投加量考察COD的去除,运用GC/MS对吸附过程的微观组分进行解析,再进行燃烧热值测定.研究结果表明,针对尾水选择合适粉末活性炭,少量投加即可使出水COD达标排放;吸附尾水时主要去除生物系统难以降解的有机组分,再吸附原水时,对酚类物质、氮杂环化合物以及多环芳烃类都具有显著的效果,表现出非选择性,吸附过程完全受控于高浓度组分;单位废水可提供的热值Qw=(45.990±3.521)×Cm,吸附原水有机物的活性炭,其燃烧热值有显著提高,增量ΔQ由ΔQ=(45.990±3.521)×(Cm-Ce)×V决定.针对高浓度难降解的工业有机废水,上述工艺通过能源回收的方式可实现工程造价与运行费用的显著降低.     

Recovery efficiency of the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC‐134a) by activated carbons of different physicochemical properties

The adsorption characteristics of 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (HFC‐134a) on activated carbon were investigated to evaluate the recovery efficiency of HFC‐134a by six activated carbons (two granular activated carbons (GAC1 and GAC2), one high‐surface area activated carbon (HAC), and three activated carbon fibers (ACF10, ACF15, and ACF20)). HFC‐134a adsorption on the activated carbons increased with increase in the specific surface area and pore volume of the activated carbon. The differential heat of the HFC‐134a adsorption decreased with increase in the percentage of the micropore volume to the total pore volume. The adsorption model of HFC‐134a on the activated carbon could be based on the Langmuir model. The constant a of the Langmuir plot of HAC and ACF20 is smaller than GAC1 or GAC2 and ACF10 or ACF15, respectively. The constant W_s of HAC has the largest value. The constant a was correlated to the heat of adsorption. It is concluded that the largest amount of HFC‐134a was adsorbed on HAC, and the least amount of interaction occurred between HFC‐134a and the HAC. The amount of HFC‐134a adsorbed on the activated carbons over time was applied to the Sameshima equation. The adsorption rate constant of HFC‐134a on HAC was the largest. The HAC could be suitable for the recovery of HFC‐134a.     

Influence of environmental temperature and relative humidity on photocatalytic oxidation of toluene on activated carbon fibers coated TiO

TiO₂ supported on active carbon fiber (TiO₂/ACF), an absorbable photocatalyst, is a new kind of material applied in air purification. In this paper, the influence of environmental temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) on the gas-solid adsorption of toluene and the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) efficiency of adsorbed toluene on TiO₂/ACF were studied, and then, the purification capability of TiO₂/ACF was estimated. PCO results showed that although the PCO efficiency increased under high RH and T levels, the amount of adsorption of toluene decreased. Moreover, quantitative analysis results of intermediates indicated that more environmental risk emerged when PCO of toluene was carried out at higher environmental T and RH levels because more toxic intermediates would be accumulated on the TiO₂/ACF. So, it is significant to control the environmental T and RH conditions in the application of the PCO technique. T = 25°C and RH = 30% is the optimal condition for purifying toluene in our experimental system.     

Influence of environmental temperature and relative humidity on photocatalytic oxidation of toluene on activated carbon fibers coated TiO2

TiO₂ supported on active carbon fiber (TiO₂/ACF), an absorbable photocatalyst, is a new kind of material applied in air purification. In this paper, the influence of environmental temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) on the gas-solid adsorption of toluene and the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) efficiency of adsorbed toluene on TiO₂/ACF were studied, and then, the purification capability of TiO₂/ACF was estimated. PCO results showed that although the PCO efficiency increased under high RH and T levels, the amount of adsorption of toluene decreased. Moreover, quantitative analysis results of intermediates indicated that more environmental risk emerged when PCO of toluene was carried out at higher environmental T and RH levels because more toxic intermediates would be accumulated on the TiO₂/ACF. So, it is significant to control the environmental T and RH conditions in the application of the PCO technique. T = 25°C and RH530% is the optimal condition for purifying toluene in our experimental system.     

修复硝基苯污染底泥的活性覆盖材料筛选

针对硝基苯污染底泥修复的活性覆盖技术,筛选了适合阻断底泥中硝基苯释放的还原剂和吸附剂.采用的零价铁可迅速将难生物降解的硝基苯还原为苯胺,提高其生物可降解性,有利于将污染物彻底去除.零价铁对硝基苯的还原反应速率随着零价铁剂量的提高而提高,反应速率常数≥>10.001 min~(-1).吸附试验结果表明,在煤渣、活性炭、焦炭以及硅藻土几种常见的吸附剂中,活性炭具有最佳的吸附能力,但是其价格昂贵,不适于大规模应用.而廉价易得的煤渣对硝基苯及其降解产物苯胺具有良好的吸附性能,对硝基苯和苯胺的最大理论吸附量达到924.9 mg·kg~(-1)和1692.2 mg·kg~(-1).因此提出以煤渣为吸附基质,并添加一定比例零价铁的复合活性覆盖材料,为硝基苯污染底泥修复提供一种新的方向和基本参数.     

铝矿赤泥强化聚合氯化铝混凝除磷试验研究

对聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加赤泥前后的除磷效果及絮体进行了研究.结果表明,赤泥对PO3-4有吸附作用;投加一定量赤泥,提高了实验室模拟废水和实际污水中磷的去除率;与单用PAC相比,赤泥的加入增强了絮体的持磷性,增加了絮体的密实度,缩小了底泥的体积,强化了PAC的除磷性能.     

Removal of phenol by powdered activated carbon adsorption

In this study, the adsorption performance of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on phenol was investigated in aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the effects of various experimental parameters like PAC type, PAC dose, initial solution pH, temperature and pre-oxidation on the adsorption of phenol by PAC and establish the adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics and isothermal models. The results indicated that PAC adsorption is an effective method to remove phenol from water, and the effects of all the five factors on adsorption of phenol were significant. The adsorption rate of phenol by PAC was rapid, and more than 80% phenol could be absorbed by PAC within the initial 10 min. The adsorption process can be well described by pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic model with rate constant amounted to 0.0313, 0.0305 and 0.0241 mg·μg ^-1·min ^-1 with coal, coconut shell and bamboo charcoal. The equilibrium data of phenol absorbed onto PAC were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin adsorption isotherms and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model gave the best correlation with the experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters such as the standard Gibbs free energy (?G^o), enthalpy (?H^o) and entropy (?S^o) obtained in this study indicated that the adsorption of phenol by PAC is spontaneous, exothermic and entropy decreasing.     

高锰酸钾改性活性炭的制备、表征及其吸附Pb2＋的特性

为提高活性炭对废水中Pb2＋的去除效率,采用不同浓度的KMnO4溶液对颗粒活性炭进行静置氧化/冷凝回流改性;利用BET测定了改性活性炭比表面积,并采用BET、SEM、FTIR和XRD等方法对其进行了表征;考察了吸附时间、投加量、pH值、温度对吸附Pb2＋的影响。结果表明,Pb2＋浓度为40 mg/L,在3 g/L的投加量下,0.01KMnO4-GAC和0.03KMnO4-GAC对Pb2＋的吸附去除率分别达到了92%和94%,是GAC对Pb2＋吸附去除率的1.84和1.88倍;在吸附剂3 g/L的投加量下,180 min基本达到吸附平衡;3种吸附剂对Pb2＋的吸附,随着pH值的降低而减少;而温度对吸附Pb2＋的影响相对较小。