邢台污灌区土壤中重金属污染评价

根据１９８２年和１９９５年的监测调查资料，评价邢台污灌区土壤环境质量。结果表明，砷、铬、铅在土壤中的积累量很小，污染较轻；而镉在土壤中的积累显著，污染严重，污灌区镉污染应引起重视。     

奎屯市污灌区蔬菜重金属含量研究

通过对奎屯市污灌区蔬菜基地进行调查及对6种重金属元素含量的监测分析与评价,结果表明,所监测的7个地块蔬菜样品中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As均未超标,仅个别蔬菜样品中Hg轻微超标。另外,叶菜类中6种重金属含量均高于茄果类和根茎类。     

奎屯市北郊蔬菜污灌区土壤重金属污染调查

通过对奎屯市北郊污灌区菜地土壤中重金属含量的分析表明,所调查的污灌菜地土壤中铅、锌、镉、砷和汞均未超标,部分地块铜超标,说明多年来因工业废水的浇灌,已造成铜对局部区域土壤的污染。     

北京市通州污灌区土壤环境质量监测和蔬菜重金属污染状况研究

通过对北京市通州污灌区土壤现状调查与蔬菜重金属污染监测,结合土壤环境质量标准、食品卫生标准及污灌区污染历史,分析对比该区土壤和蔬菜重金属污染状况及其变化。结果表明,本次监测通州污灌区土壤中重金属平均含量均达到土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)中二级标准限量。对照土壤中的重金属Cu、Pb、Cr、Cd和As均达到土壤一级标准。凉水河两岸和通惠北干渠中重金属含量均高于对照土壤,说明污灌区污水灌溉已使土壤受到一定程度的污染。与二十世纪70年代末监测结果相比,土壤中多数重金属含量处于上升趋势。污灌区蔬菜重金属含量监测结果表明,其含量水平均达到食品卫生标准,说明污灌区蔬菜尚未受到严重污染。     

张掖市某污灌区土壤环境质量调查

对张掖市某污灌区土壤环境质量进行了调查,结果表明,灌区土壤受到一定程度的污染,为轻度污染水平,污染因子与污灌水特征因子关系密切.     

某灌区土壤中重金属镉污染调查

对沈阳市郊某污灌区土壤中重金属镉的污染状况进行了调查.结果表明,2000年土壤中镉质量比为0.23 mg/kg～5.55 mg/kg,最高值超标17.5倍;平均值为2.02 mg/kg,属严重污染,污染程度仍处在停耕前水平;污灌区土壤镉含量与土壤深度有关,深度为16 cm～30 cm污染最重,51 cm～80 cm污染最轻.     

乌鲁木齐市米东污灌区农田土壤重金属污染评价

对米东污灌区农田土壤重金属含量进行监测分析,利用不同的评价方法和标准对土壤重金属的环境质量进行评价。结果表明：米东污灌区农田土壤重金属含量分别为Cd（0.12±0.06）mg/kg,Cu（40.43±5.30）mg/kg,Zn（78.38±11.04）mg/kg,Pb（11.66±11.79）mg/kg,Ni（20.24±8.05）mg/kg,Cr（75.81±8.05）mg/kg。以国家土壤环境质量标准（二级）为标准评价,各元素的污染指数排序为Cu〉Ni〉Cr〉Zn〉Cd〉Pb,综合污染指数为0.337,污染程度为安全。以食用农产品产地土壤环境质量要求为标准评价,各元素的污染指数排序为Cu〉Ni〉Cr〉Zn〉Cd〉Pb,综合污染指数为0.343,污染程度为安全。表明米东污灌区农田土壤重金属含量尚能达到食用农产品产地土壤环境质量要求。Pb、Cu、Zn的平均含量超过乌鲁木齐市土壤背景值,这说明污灌区土壤重金属Pb、Cu、Zn近年来已有所累积,存在一定的污染风险。     

花卉修复土壤重金属污染研究进展

鉴于植物修复土壤重金属污染的应用潜力,分析了花卉植物的耐受性和积累性,并在植物修复机理的基础上,提出了花卉与活化剂联合修复、花卉与农艺措施联合修复等强化措施来提高修复效率。针对花卉修复的局限性,指出了花卉修复土壤重金属污染的发展趋势和方向。     

土壤重金属污染生态风险评价方法综述

生态风险评价是风险论与生态学、环境科学、地学等多种学科相互交叉的边缘学科.以土壤生态系统为对象,介绍了目前已有的几类重金属污染生态风险评价方法,包括概念模型法、数学模型法、指数法、形态分析法、植物培养法等.指出根据研究目的与污染特性选择适当的评价方法,可以为土壤生态风险管理提供科学信息.     

张家界市耕地土壤重金属污染状况分析及评价

结合\"十一·五\"张家界市土壤污染状况调查情况,在全市境内选取代表性耕地土壤样品50个,分析了其中的Cu、Pb、zn、Cd、Ni、Cr、As、Hg等8个元素的含量,并对其污染状况进行研究及评价,以期为环保部门研究土壤污染防治对策提供技术参考.     

杨家幛子钼矿区土壤中重金属污染状况的评价

对杨家幛子钼矿区土壤重金属污染的情况进行了详细研究。选择土壤样本80个,采用HNO3-HF-HClO4混酸对土壤样品进行处理,运用等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定土壤样品中Pb、As、Hg、Cr、Cd、Zn、Cu、Ni、Mo的含量,全面系统地评价土壤重金属污染现状。结果表明,该矿区土壤重金属As、Cd和Hg污染较为严重,平均含量分别达154.13、74.92和3.06mg/kg。不同片区间存在明显差异,污染强度以矿山山沿污染最高,其次是运输区、选矿厂及矿区附近山地,内梅罗综合指数分别为59.98、59.33、52.14、42.44。     

Magnetic susceptibility measurements as proxy method to monitor soil pollution: development of experimental protocols for field surveys

In the framework of the development of new methods for measuring and monitoring soil pollution, this paper deals with the use of magnetic methodologies to monitor the heavy metals presence in soils. In particular it shows a procedure for collecting magnetic susceptibility measurements in order to interpret them as proxy variable for monitoring heavy metals in soils. Magnetic measurements are carried out using a magnetic susceptibility meter with two different probes for in situ field surveys. The experimental procedure is divided in two parts. In the first part we carry out laboratory tests aimed to evaluate, for both the probes, the effective investigation depth for soil, the measurement reproducibility under different conditions, and the influence of water content. We complete this part comparing in situ measurements obtained by means of two probes with different characteristics. In the second part we carry out tests to evaluate the relationships between heavy metal levels and magnetic susceptibility values of soil samples. We investigate the variability of the magnetic susceptibility measurements contaminating different soil samples with well known concentration of heavy metals. Moreover we study the correlation between magnetic susceptibility values and metal concentrations, determined by means of AAS, in soil samples collected during a field survey. Results suggest that a careful check of the experimental procedure play a crucial role for using magnetic susceptibility measurements for heavy metals in situ monitoring. This is very helpful both for improving the quality of data and for making simpler data interpretation.     

Magnetic mapping of fly-ash pollution and heavy metals from soil samples around a point source in a dry tropical environment

The Singrauli region in the southeastern part of Uttar Pradesh, India is one of the most polluted industrial sites of Asia. It encompasses 11 open cast coalmines and six thermal power stations that generate about 7,500 MW (about 10% of India’s installed generation capacity) electricity. Thermal power plants represent the main source of pollution in this region, emitting six million tonnes of fly-ash per annum. Fly-ash is deposited on soils over a large area surrounding thermal power plants. Fly-ashes have high surface concentrations of several toxic elements (heavy metals) and high atmospheric mobility. Fly ash is produced through high-temperature combustion of fossil fuel rich in ferromagnetic minerals. These contaminants can be identified using rock-magnetic methods. Magnetic susceptibility is directly linked to the concentration of ferromagnetic minerals, primarily high values of magnetite. In this study, magnetic susceptibility of top soil samples collected from surrounding areas of a bituminous-coal-fired power plant were measured to identify areas of high emission levels and to chart the spatial distribution of airborne solid particles. Sites close to the power plant have shown higher values of susceptibility that decreases with increasing distance from the source. A significant correlation between magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal content in soils is found. A comparison of the spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility with heavy-metal concentrations in soil samples suggests that magnetic measurements can be used as a rapid and inexpensive method for proxy mapping of air borne pollution due to industrial activity.     

Impact of untreated wastewater irrigation on soils and crops in Shiraz suburban area, SW Iran

In this study an assessment is made of the negative impacts of wastewater irrigation on soils and crops sampled along the Khoshk River channel in suburban area of Shiraz City, SW Iran. For this purpose, samples of soil profiles (0–60 cm in depth) and crops were collected from two wastewater irrigated sites and a tube well-irrigated (control) site. Total concentrations of the five heavy metals (Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cr) and their phytoavailable contents were determined. The Pollution Load Indexes (PLIs) and Contamination Factors (CFs) for soils and Hazard quotients (ΣHQ) for some vegetables were also calculated. The results showed the use of untreated wastewater has caused the following changes as compared to control site: (1) a 20–30% increase in organic matter content of soil; (2) increase in pH by 2–3 units; (3) significant concentration increase in Ex-Ca especially in top layers of soil resulting in high CEC; (4) build up of heavy metals (notably Pb and Ni) in topsoil above Maximum Permissible Limits (MPLs) indicating a moderate contamination (PLI > 1, CF > 2.5); (5) contamination of some vegetables (spinach and lettuce) with Cd due to its high phytoavailability in topsoil causing a HQ > 1; (6) excessive accumulation of Ni and Pb in wheat due to continual addition of heavy metals through long-term wastewater application. The study concludes that strict protection measures, stringent guidelines and an integrated system for the treatment and recycling of wastewater are needed to minimize the negative impacts of wastewater irrigation in the study area.     

土壤重金属元素检测国际实验室比对研究

IERM和CNAS合作组织开展了亚太实验室合作组织(APLAC)能力验证计划\"APLAC T066土壤重金属元素检测\",其目的是评价参加实验室定量分析土壤重金属元素总量的能力。研究所用的能力验证样品为IERM研制的土壤标准样品。结果表明,参加实验室检测土壤砷、铜、汞、镍、铅和锌的结果满意率分别为85.7%、95.8%、77.1%、83.3%、93.5%和91.7%。样品消解过程加入氢氟酸时,铅和锌的检测结果与标准值更加接近,说明检测土壤重金属元素总量时氢氟酸的加入非常关键。文章还对比对实验室结果评价的统计方法进行了探讨。     

Soil Contamination Due to Heavy Metals from an Industrial Area of Surat, Gujarat, Western India

The pollution of soil is a source of danger to the health of people, even to those living in cities. The anthropogenic pollution caused by heavy industries enters plants then goes through the food chain and ultimately endangers human health. In the context, the knowledge of the regional variability, the background values and anthropogenic vs. natural origin of potentially harmful elements in soils is of critical importance to assess human impact. The present study was undertaken on soil contamination in Surat, Gujarat (India). The aims of the study were: i) to determine extent and distribution of heavy metals (Ba, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Sr, V and Zn) ii) to find out the large scale variability, iii) to delineate the source as geogenic or anthropogenic based on the distribution maps and correlation of metals in soils. Soil samples were collected from the industrial area of Surat from top 10 cm layer of the soil. These samples were analysed for heavy metals by using Philips PW 2440 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The data reveal that soils in the area are significantly contaminated, showing higher levels of toxic elements than normal distribution. The heavy metal loads of the soils in the study area are 471.7 mg/kg for Ba, 137.5 mg/kg for Cu, 305.2 mg/kg for Cr, 51.3 mg/kg for Co, 79.0 mg/kg for Ni, 317.9 mg/kg for Sr, 380.6 mg/kg for V and 139.0 mg/kg for Zn. The higher concentrations of these toxic metals in soils need to be monitored regularly for heavy metal enrichment.     

陕西省重金属污染特征分析

以陕西省重金属工业污染源为例,利用等标污染负荷法和单位产值等标污染负荷法,从污染物种类、时间变化、空间分布、行业排放4个方面,分析了陕西省工业污染源重金属的排放特征,重点比较了1991~2009年近20年以来重金属排放特征的变化。结果表明,近20年陕西省工业污染源重金属等标污染负荷大小排序为铅>砷>镉>六价铬>汞; 1991~2009年,重金属排放总量呈较大下降趋势,单位产值重金属排放总量呈显著下降趋势; 1991年重金属等标污染负荷最大的行政区和流域分别为渭南市和渭河流域,2009年则转移至西安市和嘉陵江流域; 1991年和2009年,污染负荷最大的行业均为有色金属矿采选业、有色金属冶炼及压延加工业,其铅排放应作为整治的重点。     

城市土壤重金属污染及其生态环境效应

对城市土壤中重金属的来源、空间分布特征、化学形态、在不同介质间的迁移转化及其污染的生态环境效应等近年来的研究进展进行了回顾,指出今后的研究重点是建立城市土壤重金属污染风险评价和标准体系,并应对重金属在城市环境中的迁移转化机制及城市土壤质量演变与郊区之间的关系开展研究。     

闽东某钼矿周边农田土壤钼和重金属的污染状况

调查了闽东某钼矿周边农田土壤和稻米钼及重金属的污染状况,对土壤钼的人体健康风险进行了评价,探讨了土壤钼的安全阈值。结果表明,部分土壤遭受了铜和镉的污染,以轻度污染为主;部分稻米出现镍和镉的污染,以轻度污染为主;土壤全钼含量为3.30~325.6 mg/kg,最高值高出福建省土壤中钼的环境背景值87倍,说明该区土壤已遭受严重的钼污染。稻米钼含量为0.58~12.04 mg/kg,对人体具有很高的健康风险;根据稻米钼含量与土壤钼含量之间的关系和人体健康风险评价结果,推算出土壤中钼(全钼)的安全阈值不高于4.51 mg/kg。