全球环境变化与土壤水资源研究

当今世界人口、资源、粮食、环境的矛盾日趋尖锐,已危及人类生存。我国人口多,耕地少,土壤退化,资源短缺,环境质量趋于恶化。这些问题已越来越受到人们的广泛关注。在资源环境问题中,水资源对人类生存和粮食生产最为重要。所以研究世界水资源主要是研究陆地水资源的状况、贮量与变化,预测全球水资源对人类生存的影响,改善世界水资源状况,合理利用和调控水资源。它在缓解人口、资源、粮食和环境危机中将起决定性的作用。     

水资源危机及其导致的安全隐患

水资源危机主要体现在水资源短缺和水污染两个方面。目前,水资源危机已成全为球性问题,我国的水资源危机尤为严重。水资源危机导致暴力争水事件,甚至战争的发生,给社会安全带来隐患。缺乏安全的饮用水还给人类健康带来严重威胁。本文对水资源危机导致的安全隐患进行详细分析,结果表明,解决水资源危机已迫在眉睫。     

水资源与农业可持续发展研究

农业是中国可持续发展的核心和关键,作为人类生存和农业发展基础的水资源应受到更加广泛的重视。本文分析了目前中国水资源的现状,并从水资源角度提出了农业可持续发展的一些对策。     

深圳市水资源可持续性研究

水作为人类不可代替的资源在社会经济发展过程中起着至关重要的作用。区域水资源的可持续状况是地区水资源的特征,当前与今后社会经济发展对水资源需要的满足程度。本文详细分析了深圳市当前水资源利用状况,以及由于社会经济高速发展所引发的水资源短缺特征,探讨了深圳市社会、经济高速发展过程中和今后１５年内水资源的可持续性及其调控     

珍惜生命，保护水资源

水是生命之源。本文报道了由于地球上水资源有限,并且人为的活动加剧了水体污染,面临着水资源短缺形势,给人类生存造成严重威胁。为此,告诫人们要保护水资源,加强水的回收利用,节约用水,缺水并非是危言耸听的宣传。     

城市水资源承载力研究现状及其趋势

水资源是人类生存与生活、社会经济持续发展不可缺少的自然资源,也是保证生态环境良性循环的控制性要素.区域能否实现持续发展,很大程度上取决于水资源的保障程度.城市是地区经济的核心,因此对城市水资源承载力进行深入研究,其意义重大.简要阐述了城市水资源承载力研究的现状和发展趋势.     

城市降水的积蓄使用与水环境保护

降水是人类获取水资源的主要途径。我国降水时空分布不均,雨季时大量降水流失入海,特别是城市地面硬化度高,水资源浪费严重,同时造成水污染加剧。采用不同的方式蓄集使用城市降水,对缓解水资源短缺及保护水环境将起到积极作用。     

中国水战略

曾几何时,人类对水资源的开发,往往以这样一个错误的理念为基础:自然界的水是取之不尽、用之不竭的。随着人类社会生产力发     

水资源短缺的有效解决途径——虚拟水战略

针对中国水资源利用现状，系统论述了水足迹、虚拟水以及虚拟水战略的概念和内涵。通过水足迹来揭示人类对水资源的实际需求和占用，介绍了虚拟水战略的研究展望及存在的不足，通过应用虚拟水战略可以缓解水资源短缺现状，保证水资源与人口、耕地的地域组合均衡。     

中国水资源环境问题及可持续发展管理对策

以可持续发展的观点为指导思想,深入剖析了由于人类对水资源的不合理开发利用而诱发的主要环境问题,并探讨了中国现阶段水资源管理中存在的主要问题,提出了可持续发展的管理对策。     

The future of water in Australia: The potential effects of climate change and ozone depletion on Australian water quality,quantity and treatability

Water is a resource that is essential for all life on Earth. An exponentially growing human population, in addition to unprecedented industrial and technological development, threaten the availability and quality of this resource. Climate change and ozone depletion are two major environmental problems facing mankind today. These problems have the potential to further strain currently available freshwater resources. Recent research has shown that climate change and ozone depletion are linked phenomena and their interaction exacerbates their impact. Changes in precipitation, surface runoff, solar UV radiation, temperatures, and evaporation are some of the predicted outcomes of climate change and ozone depletion. They influence the biogeochemical cycles and aquatic ecosystems in lakes and rivers, and alter the character of natural organic matter (NOM) and, consequently, they have the potential to affect the quality, quantity and treatability of our water resources. Given these uncertainties, and the need to mitigate the consequences of climate change and ozone depletion, the issues of changing water quality, quantity and treatability cannot be ignored by Australian governments and water utilities.     

畜禽牧场污染及其对水环境质量的影响

评价了畜禽牧场污染及其对水环境质量的影响。为保证在进一步促进经济发展的同时,更有效地控制和减少畜禽牧场的污染,改善环境,保护好水环境资源,造福人类,提出了一些建议和措施。     

水资源开发与利用科研工作的现实制约与对策建议

中国人均水资源量少、水资源时空分布不均,近年来经济社会对水资源需求日益增大。在相关领域科技成果的大力支撑下,中国走出了一条有效的水资源管理之路,实现了水资源的高效利用和有效保护。但目前在水资源开发利用的科技活动中仍存在一定的现实制约,本文进行了一定分析,并提出了对策建议。     

新疆水电资源开发与清洁发展机制(CDM)项目开展

新疆水利资源丰富,具有开发水电的天然资源优势。清洁发展机制是建立在《京都议定书》下的国际合作机制。发达国家和发展中国家可以通过清洁发展机制,实现温室气体的减排和可持续发展。结合目前水电开发面临的实际形势,并根据我区能源开发总体规划布局,对水电CDM项目开发活动进行统筹协调,进一步促进新疆水电的快速、有序、均衡、协调发展。     

Flexibility in Water Resources Management: Review of Concepts and Development of Assessment Measures for Flood Management Systems

Discussions around adapting water management systems to climate change often express the need to increase system flexibility. Yet despite the frequent use of the term flexibility, very little work has examined what exactly it means to have a flexible water management system, what features of a system make it more flexible than another system, or when the costs to implement flexible options outweigh the benefits gained from increased flexibility. To define and operationalize the concept of flexibility in the field of water resources management, this article reviews and analyzes concepts of flexibility from the fields of information technology, manufacturing, management, and adaptive social‐ecological systems. We identify five characteristics of flexible water resources systems, namely: slack, redundancy, connectivity, compatibility/coordination, and adjustability. We then operationalize the assessment of flexibility for flood management systems by proposing original flexibility metrics and discussing their application. We conclude with a discussion on the tradeoffs of increasing flexibility.     

MANAGING THE NATION'S WATER IN A CHANGING CLIMATE1

ABSTRACT: Among the many concerns associated with global climate change, the potential effects on water resources are frequently cited as the most worrisome. In contrast, those who manage water resources do not rate climatic change among their top planning and operational concerns. The difference in these views can be associated with how water managers operate their systems and the types of stresses, and the operative time horizons, that affect the Nation's water resources infrastructure. Climate, or more precisely weather, is an important variable in the management of water resources at daily to monthly time scales because water resources systems generally are operated on a daily basis. At decadal to centennial time scales, though, climate is much less important because (1) forecasts, particularly of regional precipitation, are extremely uncertain over such time periods, and (2) the magnitude of effects due to changes in climate on water resources is small relative to changes in other variables such as population, technology, economics, and environmental regulation. Thus, water management agencies find it difficult to justify changing design features or operating rules on the basis of simulated climatic change at the present time, especially given that reservoir-design criteria incorporate considerable buffering capacity for extreme meteorological and hydro-logical events.     

RECENT RESEARCH ON EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER RESOURCES1

ABSTRACT: Concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and other radiatively active trace gases have risen since the Industrial Revolution. Such atmospheric modifications can alter the global climate and hydrologic cycle, in turn affecting water resources. The clear physical and biological sensitivities of water resources to climate, the indication that climate change may be occurring, and the substantial social and economic dependencies on water resources have instigated considerable research activity in the area of potential water resource impacts. We discuss how the literature on climate change and water resources responds to three basic research needs: (1) a need for water managers to clearly describe the climatic and hydrologic statistics and characteristics needed to estimate climatic impacts on water resources, (2) a need to estimate the impacts of climate change on water resources, and (3) a need to evaluate standard water management and planning methods to determine if uncertainty regarding fundamental assumptions (e.g., hydrologic stationarity) implies that these methods should be revised. The climatic and hydrologic information needs for water resource managers can be found in a number of sources. A proliferation of impact assessments use a variety of methods for generating climate scenarios, and apply both modeling approaches and historical analyses of past responses to climate fluctuations for revealing resource or system sensitivities to climate changes. Traditional techniques of water resources planning and management have been examined, yielding, for example, suggestions for new methods for incorporating climate information in real-time water management.     

云南水资源可持续利用问题与对策

云南省是一个水资源总量丰富但又相对缺水的特殊省份。本文主要分析了云南省水资源开发利用中面临的挑战,提出了促使该省水资源可持续开发利用的对策     

The global environment: Past,present and future

The changing status of the global environment, in both developed and developing countries, and our perception of these changes since the convening of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in 1972 are reviewed. The present as well as potential future environmental issues facing mankind are discussed under three interrelated broad categories: interrelationship between people, resources, environment and development, rational use of natural resources and new patterns of development and lifestyle.