活性炭纤维电极法烟气脱硫研究

用活性炭纤维做电极,对烟气进行吸附氧化脱硫研究。探讨了活性炭纤维电极的吸附性能及化学氧化过程中SO2的转化规律。试验表明,活性炭纤维电极具有良好的导电性与吸附性,脱硫率达到95％,其中77％的SO2经电化学氧化为硫酸,同时这一过程可使活性炭纤维再生,延长其使用周期。     

湿法脱硫工艺的控制氧化

控制氧化是通过控制脱硫洗涤中亚硫酸盐的氧化率，减少或消除湿法石灰石脱硫系统设备结垢的有效方法。本文介绍了强制氧化和抑制氧化的主要原理及应用情况，并对两种方法进行了简单的经济比较，提出选用时应考虑的有关因素。     

DS—Ⅱ催化剂脱硫脱氮技术的实验研究

以纯SO2及燃煤电厂烟气作实验气,利用积分法固定床CFB方式进行了DS－Ⅰ型催化剂与活性炭催化性能的对比试验,对不同还进行了不同烟气温度、SO2浓度、湿度、烟气流速等工艺参数对DS－Ⅰ型催化剂催化性能的影响试验。对不同催化剂进行优化组合,可在除尘器后直接脱硫、脱氮、其脱硫率达86％、脱氮率达68％。催化剂经再生,可反复使用。     

活性炭填料塔FeSO4液相催化氧化脱硫

对活性炭及瓷拉西环两种填料用自来水进行脱硫对比实验,证明无论是等宏观表面积还是等填料层高度,活性炭填料的脱硫率均高于瓷拉西环。在活性炭填料塔中进行了FeSO4液相催化氧化脱硫实验,考察了液气比、空塔气速、吸收温度及SO2进口浓度对脱硫率的影响。综合实验结果表明,连续运行500min时,脱硫率及吸收液pH分别稳定在93．5％以上及4．6左右,且两者的变化趋势基本一致。     

生物膜填料塔启动及烟气脱硫研究

进行了生物膜填料塔挂膜启动及烟气脱硫实验研究。循环液的Fe2+的氧化速率与吸光度有明显的相关性,同时,压力损失和pH也是挂膜启动完成的重要指标。通入低浓度SO2气体驯化后,脱硫率可达到90%以上,Fe2+氧化速率维持在0.2g/(L.h)左右,连续保持7d,挂膜启动完成。脱硫实验结果表明,在SO2入口质量浓度小于2 000m g/m3、喷淋液中Fe2+浓度大于或等于0.06m o l/L、喷淋率约为12L/(m3.h)、空塔气速约为0.15m/s的条件下,脱硫率可达96%以上。当喷淋液循环使用7次后,必须补充新鲜营养液,以保证较高的脱硫率。     

超声波协同催化氧化法脱除废旧轮胎热裂解油中的硫

采用超声波氧化与催化氧化脱硫技术相结合,脱除废旧轮胎热裂解油中的硫,对脱硫工艺进行了研究.最佳操作条件为:超声波声强0.25 W/cm~2,超声时间10 min,V(H_2O_2)∶V(油)=0.04,V(CH_3COOH)∶V(H_2O_2)＝0.5,V(FeSO_4·7H_2O) ∶ V(H_2O_2)＝0.15.在上述最佳操作条件下,进行4次脱硫,可使热裂解油中硫质量分数降至0.21%,脱硫率达到72%.     

国外动态

托普索烟气脱硫法 Topsoe公司技术座谈资料,1988年。丹麦托普索公司(HALDOR TOPSOE A/S)开发的WSA-2(湿式硫酸)法,是从任何含硫废气或烟道气中除硫并产生93—97％浓硫酸的催化过程。所处理的废气组成:SO_20.05—6％,H_2S0.05—50％,H_2O0—25％,烟尘0—10毫克/标米~3。关键过程与设备有两个。一是燃烧与氧化过程,即将含H_2S或其他可燃气体在焚烧催化剂作用下生成SO_2,然后SO_2在硫酸催化剂作用下于420℃转化为SO_3,焚烧与氧化过程在SO_2转化器中进行。二是SO_3水     

高硫石油焦的脱硫研究

采用湿化学氧化和高温煅烧相结合的方法对含硫量6.28%(w)的石油焦进行二段脱硫处理,并利用FTIR、SEM和XRD技术对脱硫机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明:氧化工段的优化条件为硝酸与30%(w)双氧水的体积比1∶2、氧化时间10 h、氧化温度80℃、液固比35 m L/g、石油焦粒径106μm以下,优化条件下的氧化脱硫率为26.91%;煅烧工段的优化条件为1 280℃下煅烧6 h,优化条件下的煅烧脱硫率为79.43%,总脱硫率为83.95%。表征结果显示:经处理后石油焦中的黄铁矿类无机硫以及硫醇类和大部分噻吩类有机硫得到有效脱除,剩余噻吩硫转变为更稳定的形式;处理后的石油焦微观形貌轮廓变得清晰和圆润;处理前后石油焦的石墨雏晶结构基本未发生变化。     

氨法脱硫副产物亚硫酸铵的塔外氧化

根据氨法脱硫反应机理,提出了将脱硫生成的亚硫酸铵溶液排放到吸收塔外进行氧化的方法,一方面可以减少脱硫塔的注氨量,有效控制吸收塔出口烟气中的逸氨及硫酸铵气溶胶,避免二次污染;另一方面,可以提高吸收塔内亚硫酸铵浓度,保持较高的脱硫率.塔外氧化对于氨法脱硫是一种比较合理的氧化方法.     

高浓度硫化染料染色废水的处理与综合利用

采用混凝气浮－内电解－接触氧化组合工艺处理高浓度硫化染料染色废水，生产运行结果表明：S^2-、COD、BOD5和色度的去除率分别为近100％、94％左右、92．5％－94．8％、96％－100％，处理后出水的各项污染指标均符合国家排放标准，并且实现了部分回用。该处理工艺设备简单、系统运行稳定、投资少、操作方便，具有一定的推广应用价值。     

Thermal treatment for recovery of manganese and zinc from zinc-carbon and alkaline spent batteries

The aim of this paper is the recovery of manganese and zinc from a mixture of zinc-carbon and alkaline spent batteries, containing 40.9% of Mn and 30.1% of Zn, after preliminary physical treatment followed by removal of mercury. Separation of the metals has been carried out on the basis of their different boiling points, being 357°C and 906°C the boiling point of mercury and zinc and 1564°C the melting point of Mn(2)O(3). Characterization by chemical analysis, TGA/DTA and X-ray powder diffraction of the mixture has been carried out after comminution sieving and shaking table treatment to remove the anodic collectors and most of chlorides contained in the mixture. The mixture has been roasted at various temperatures and resident times in a flow of air to set the best conditions to remove mercury that were 400°C and 10min. After that, the flow of air has been turned into a nitrogen one (inert atmosphere) and the temperatures raised, thus permitting the zinc oxide to be reduced to metallic zinc by the carbon present in the original mixture and recovered after volatilization as a high grade concentrate, while manganese was left in the residue. The recovery and the grade of the two metals, at 1000°C and 30min residence time, were 84% and 100% for zinc and 85% and 63% for manganese, respectively. The recovery of zinc increased to 99% with a grade of 97% at 1200°C and 30min residence time, while the recovery and grade of manganese were 86% and 87%, respectively, at that temperature. Moreover, the chlorinated compounds that could form by the combustion of the plastics contained in the spent batteries, are destroyed at the temperature required by the process.     

T酸一次洗水初步处理的研究

采用重氮化－偶合－混凝沉淀和重氮化－混凝沉淀两种方法对Ｔ酸一次洗水的初步处理进步了研究。Ｔ酸一次洗水经两种方法处理后,ＣＯＤ去除率分别为６１．３％、５０．５％,色度去除率分别为７４．６％、７１％。     

Municipal solid waste management in Beijing City

This paper presents an overview of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Beijing City. Beijing, the capital of China, has a land area of approximately 1368.32 km² with an urban population of about 13.33 million in 2006. Over the past three decades, MSW generation in Beijing City has increased tremendously from 1.04 million tons in 1978 to 4.134 million tons in 2006. The average generation rate of MSW in 2006 was 0.85 kg/capita/day. Food waste comprised 63.39%, followed by paper (11.07%), plastics (12.7%) and dust (5.78%). While all other wastes including tiles, textiles, glass, metals and wood accounted for less than 3%. Currently, 90% of MSW generated in Beijing is landfilled, 8% is incinerated and 2% is composted. Source separation collection, as a waste reduction method, has been carried out in a total of 2255 demonstration residential and commercial areas (covering about 4.7 million people) up to the end of 2007. Demonstration districts should be promoted over a wider range instead of demonstration communities. The capacity of transfer stations and treatment plants is an urgent problem as these sites are seriously overloaded. These problems should first be solved by constructing more sites and converting to new treatment technologies. Improvements in legislation, public education and the management of waste pickers are problematic issues which need to be addressed.     

酚焦油资源化技术研究(Ⅱ)--裂解产物的分离

开发出一种精馏与钠盐法相结合的分离酚焦油裂解产物的新工艺，裂解产物经精馏，蒸出异丙苯等轻组分、苯酚馏分和共沸物。共沸物中加入氢氧化钠，分离出酚钠盐和苯乙酮。轻组分和酚钠盐均返回苯酚、丙酮生产装置。裂解产物中有用物质的收率为92．91％，苯乙酮的收率为82．38％，其纯度大于98％。     

Role of Amino Acids on <Emphasis Type="Italic">In Situ</Emphasis> Photografting of Jute Yarn with 3-(Trimethoxysilyl) Propylmethacrylate

To improve the mechanical performance of natural lignocellulosic jute yarn, grafting with [3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylmethacrylate] (TMSPM) monomer has been performed on in situ UV radiation and optimized the monomer concentration (30%) and irradiation time (30 min). Effect of various amino acids (1%) as additives in TMSPM with photografted jute yarn at optimized system has been studied. The polymer loading (PL) and tensile properties like tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (Eb) of treated samples were enhanced by incorporation of amino acids and the highest properties (TS = 300% and Eb = 386%) achieved by the sample treated with l-Arginine (Arg) with 32.5% PL value. Weak acid like 3% acetic acid and inorganic acid like 1% sulfuric acid were also incorporated in the optimized system of TMSPM grafting and compared their effect on the tensile properties with amino acid treated samples. Water absorption and weathering resistance of treated and untreated samples were also performed and treated sample showed lesser water uptake as well as less weight loss and mechanical properties as compared to untreated samples.     

外加营养源对氯氰菊酯降解菌GF31降解特性的影响

利用本实验室保存的一株铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)GF31,考察了外加不同的碳、氮源对菌株降解氯氰菊酯特性的影响.实验结果表明:适量浓度的碳、氮源对降解有明显的刺激作用,外加碳源中葡萄糖的刺激作用最为明显,外加0.8 g/L的葡萄糖,氯氰菊酯降解率提高了13.7%;外加氮源中以蛋白胨对微生物的促进作用最突出,当外加5.0 g/L蛋白胨时,氯氰菊酯降解率从27.5%提高到70.0%;降解5 d后,氯氰菊酯的降解已基本趋于平衡.     

LDPE/EPDM Multilayer Films Containing Recycled LDPE for Greenhouse Applications

In this paper the reuse of recycled LDPE in combination with the incorporation of EPDM modifier in the production of greenhouse films has been investigated. A three-layer film (60-100-40 micron thickness) containing recycled LDPE in the middle layer and a high UV-stabilized 40-micron outer layer was developed and proven to be commercially successful. Films with 25% and 50% recycled material content were produced. The effect of natural weathering on the film properties over a period of 15 months has been observed. Changes in physical and mechanical property were determined. The addition of EPDM to the raw resin was found to improve the extrudability of the compound and improve the weather resistivity of the film. The EPDM-modified films containing 25% to 50% recycled material retained approximately 95% and 75%, respectively, of their original extensibility after 9 months' exposure to natural weathering. Optimization of EPDM and UV stabilizer concentration was carried out to develop a balanced film with excellent mechanical and physical properties and resistance to weathering conditions. The use of UV stabilizer concentrations slightly higher than commercial practice in the outer layer of the multilayer film can be justified by the cost reduction by the incorporation of recycled LDPE materials.     

煤气洗涤废水的处理

采用硫酸亚铁沉淀－沉渣回流－次氯酸钠氯化工艺处理ＣＮ＾－含量为４ｍｇ／Ｌ、Ｓ＾２－含量为６ｍｇ／Ｌ的煤气洗涤废水，ＣＮ＾－的去除率可达９５％以上，Ｓ＾２－的去除率近１００％。     

Possibility of using waste tire rubber and fly ash with Portland cement as construction materials

The growing amount of waste rubber produced from used tires has resulted in an environmental problem. Recycling waste tires has been widely studied for the last 20 years in applications such as asphalt pavement, waterproofing systems and membrane liners. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing fly ash and rubber waste with Portland cement as a composite material for masonry applications. Class C fly ash and waste automobile tires in three different sizes were used with Portland cement. Compressive and flexural strength, dry unit weight and water absorption tests were performed on the composite specimens containing waste tire rubber. The compressive strength decreased by increasing the rubber content while increased by increasing the fly ash content for all curing periods. This trend is slightly influenced by particle size. For flexural strength, the specimens with waste tire rubber showed higher values than the control mix probably due to the effect of rubber fibers. The dry unit weight of all specimens decreased with increasing rubber content, which can be explained by the low specific gravity of rubber particles. Water absorption decreased slightly with the increase in rubber particles size. These composite materials containing 10% Portland cement, 70% and 60% fly ash and 20% and 30% tire rubber particles have sufficient strength for masonry applications.     

共基质和无机盐对原油降解菌株降解原油效果的影响

从大港油田石油污染土壤中分离筛选出1株原油降解菌X3,对原油的降解率达72．6％,经鉴定X3菌株属于假单胞菌属（Psedomonas）。利用生物摇床对X3菌株降解原油的实验发现,共代谢基质α-乳糖对X3菌株降解原油有促进作用,可使原油降解率提高到80．3％;而葡萄糖和蔗糖对X3菌株降解原油有抑制作用。Fe2＋对X3菌株的降解原油也有促进作用,在α-乳糖和Fe2＋的共同作用下,X3菌株对原油的降解率可达82．3％;K＋和Mg2＋对X3菌株降解原油则有抑制作用。在FeSO4质量浓度为0．2～0．3mg／L时,X3菌株对原油的降解率最高,FeSO4质量浓度继续增加,X3菌株对原油的降解率下降。