以“5W模式”解析寺院非正式出版物的信息传播

寺院非正式出版物是寺院自编出版与自办发放的无正式书号印证号、不公开发行销售、用于内部交流的各种出版物,如经书、小册子、光盘等。仅供内部使用的寺院非正式出版物对其接受者与社会产生一定影响,这与它的传播体系密不可分。本文立足于"5W模式",从传播者、传播渠道、传播内容、受众与效果出发以冀呈现寺院非正式出版物的基本传播过程,并试图为信息时代的寺院非正式出版物传播探寻新的发展思路。     

声明

<正>《新课程》杂志社是经国家新闻出版总署批准成立的正规出版单位。从2008年1月开始,凡是我社编辑发行的所有正式出版刊物,均在新课程网站予以公布,内容包括文章名称、作者单位地址和姓名,如在本网站查阅不到,而以"新课程"名义出版的出版物,均属非法出版物,我社保留对当事人追究法律责任     

声明

<正>《新课程》杂志社是经国家新闻出版总署批准成立的正规出版单位。从2008年1月开始,凡是我社编辑发行的所有正式出版刊物,均在新课程网站予以公布,内容包括文章名称、作者单位地址和姓名,如在本网站查阅不到,而以"新课程"名义出版的出版物,均属非法出版物,我社保留对当事人追究法律责任的权利,同时真诚欢迎广大读者投诉举报。     

声明

<正>《新课程》杂志社是经国家新闻出版总署批准成立的正规出版单位。从2008年1月开始,凡是我社编辑发行的所有正式出版刊物,均在新课程网站予以公布,内容包括文章名称、作者单位地址和姓名,如在本网站查阅不到,而以"新课程"名义出版的出版物均属非法出版物,我社保留对当事人追究法律责任的权利,同时真诚欢迎广大读者投诉举报。举报电话:13546383910 0351-4061938     

声明

<正>《新课程》杂志社是经国家新闻出版总署批准成立的正规出版单位。从2008年1月开始,凡是我社编辑发行的所有正式出版刊物,均在新课程网站予以公布,内容包括文章名称、作者单位地址和姓名,如在本网站查阅不到,而以"新课程"名义出版的出版物,     

声明

<正>《新课程》杂志社是经国家新闻出版总署批准成立的正规出版单位。从2008年1月开始,凡是我社编辑发行的所有正式出版刊物,均在新课程网站予以公布,内容包括文章名称、作者单位地址和姓名,如在本网站查阅不到,而以"新课程"名义出版的出版物,     

环境科学与技术的扩展融合趋势

作者于1996—2016年期间曾忝名担任《环境科学学报》主编。该刊自创刊始至今日的显著进展及对我国环境科学与技术界所发挥的巨大传媒推动作用,已成为交流和展示中国环境科学研究最新成果的重要平台。这主要是历届编委会特别是编辑部诸同人辛勤工作的贡献,我对该刊尽力甚微实有愧疚。至此因年老力辞主编名义之际,沿过去所曾操作方式撰一短论,妄论环境科学与技术以及环境水质学的学科扩展融合趋势,谨聊表临别惜意而已。     

一九八三年起《环境污染治理译文集》与《环境污染分析译文集》合刊为《国外环境科学技术》

<正> 黑龙江省环境保护科学研究所自一九七九年创办《环境污染治理译文集》以来,在国务院原“环保办”、全国环境保护科技情报网的关怀下,在广大读、译者的支持下,已出刊十六期,文章字数达一百七十余万。该刊的创办,为引进国外污染治理新技术,促进我国环境保护事业的发展,起了一定的作用.该刊在创办过程中,受到了广大从事环保工作人员的热情支持与重视.他们纷纷为该刊撰书、译稿、投信致函。有充分的赞许也有衷恳的     

转变思路 调整职能 以环评为发展提供技术支撑

<正>成立于2005年的重庆市环境工程评估中心是重庆市环保局下属的事业单位。重庆市环境工程评估中心通过调整工作思路,转变职能,适应新形势,将评估中心的定位从"面向社会的环境咨询"调整至"为行政审批和管理提供技术支撑",工作重心也从"项目评估"调整至"全市环评质量     

从载文看《地球与环境》的发展潜力

利用中国知网,统计分析了1979~2008年《地球与环境》改名前后的发文量、被引频次及作者情况,利用中国科技期刊引证报告(核心版)分析了2005~2008年该刊的主要计量指标,探讨了该刊的特色和发展潜力。     

Can anomalies of fetal brain circulation be useful in the management of growth restricted fetuses?

Assessment of the fetal cerebral circulation provides important information on the hemodynamic changes associated with chronic hypoxia and intrauterine growth restriction. Despite the incorporation of new US parameters, the landmark for the fetal brain hemodynamic evaluation is still the middle cerebral artery. However, new vascular territories, such as the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries, might provide additional information on the onset of the brain sparing effect. The fractional moving blood volume estimation and three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound indices are new techniques that seem to be promising in indentifying cases at earlier stages of vascular deterioration; still, they are not available for clinical application and more information is needed on the reproducibility and advantages of three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound blood flow indices. In the past, the brain sparing effect was considered as a protective mechanism; however, recent information challenges this concept. There is growing evidence of an association between brain sparing effect and increased risk of abnormal neurodevelopment after birth. Even in mild late-onset intrauterine growth restriction affected fetuses with normal umbilical artery blood flow, increased cerebral blood perfusion can be associated with a substantial risk of abnormal neuroadaptation and neurodevelopment during childhood. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Discordant growth in twins

Discordant growth in twins contributes significantly to rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. These rates vary according to chorionicity, timing of onset and severity. We have reviewed English language literature in Medline since 1980. It is clear that diagnosis of discordant growth has improved due to the use of serial ultrasound examination. Following the detection of differences in fetal size, diagnosis is facilitated by umbilical artery and fetal Doppler studies. Management options vary according to chorionicity, timing of onset and umbilical-fetal Doppler studies. The mode of delivery in discordant twins remains controversial. We conclude that ultrasound surveillance of twin gestations, combining serial biometry and selective Doppler studies, is effective in the recognition of siginificant intrauterine growth restriction in co-twins. Differences in etiology and management underscore the imortance of establishing chorionicity routinely as soon as twin gestation is diagnosed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Role of prenatal detection of cardiac tumours in the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis—report of two cases

Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant disease with variable expression. Little is known about the intrauterine course of the disease and the fetal age at which specific abnormalities may be detected. The role of prenatal detection of cardiac tumours in the diagnosis of two fetuses at 28 and 32 weeks' gestation based on fetal echocardiography is discussed. The prenatal and postnatal course of the disease is described.     

Single umbilical artery: Prenatal findings

In 450 patients with pregnancy at high risk for fetal malformation and/or intrauterine growth retardation, the umbilical cord was investigated sonographically for the presence of a single umbilical artery. A single umbilical artery was diagnosed in four fetuses between 23 and 33 weeks of gestation and suspected in two. Three cases were overlooked at sonography. All seven surviving fetuses had growth retardation at delivery and four also showed severe malformations. Whenever a single umbilical artery is found at sonography, further work-up is required to rule out associated anomalies, intrauterine growth retardation, or chromosomal abnormality.     

Cardiac flow after fetal blood sampling in normally grown and growth-retarded fetuses

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fetal blood sampling on cardiac flow velocity waveforms. Flow velocity waveforms were measured from the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery immediately before and after fetal blood sampling in 29 normally grown and 12 growth-retarded fetuses. The latter group was characterized by abnormal Doppler indices in the umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery suggestive of uteroplacental insufficiency as the causative factor of the impaired growth. The flow velocity parameters studied were the peak velocity, the time to peak velocity, and the left and right cardiac output and their ratio. In normally grown fetuses, the peak velocity and right and left cardiac output values increased significantly after fetal blood sampling, while no significant changes were observed in the other indices considered. The gestational age at the time of the procedure was positively related to the amplitude of these changes. In growth-retarded fetuses, fetal blood sampling did not induce any significant increase in cardiac output or peak velocities, while in more than 50 per cent of the fetuses these Doppler indices decreased. The amplitude of the decrease was significantly related to the severity of acidosis in the umbilical vein. In conclusion, the cardiac haemodynamic response to fetal blood sampling differs between normally grown and growth-retarded fetuses. This difference may explain the higher rate of complications occurring in the latter group of fetuses after blood sampling.     

A review of fetal and neonatal consequences of maternal systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) primarily affects women of childbearing age and is commonly seen in pregnancy. The physiologic and immunologic changes of pregnancy may alter the course of SLE and impact maternal, fetal, and neonatal health. Multidisciplinary counseling before and during pregnancy from rheumatology, maternal fetal medicine, obstetrics, and pediatric cardiology is critical. Transplacental passage of autoantibodies, present in about 40% of women with SLE, can result in neonatal lupus (NL). NL can consist of usually permanent cardiac manifestations, including conduction system and myocardial disease, as well as transient cutaneous, hematologic, and hepatic manifestations. Additionally, women with SLE are more likely to develop adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth, perhaps due to an underlying effect on placentation. This review describes the impact of SLE on maternal and fetal health by trimester, beginning with prepregnancy optimization of maternal health. This is followed by a discussion of NL and the current understanding of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of anti-Ro/La mediated cardiac disease, as well as screening, treatment, and methods for prevention. Finally discussed is the known increase in preeclampsia and fetal growth issues in women with SLE that can lead to iatrogenic preterm delivery.     

Fetal exsanguination following intrauterine angiographic assessment and selective termination of a hydrocephalic,monozygotic co-twin

Selective termination by intracardiac potassium chloride injection was performed in twins discordant for hydrocephaly at 20 weeks' gestation. Because of the potential for vascular anastomoses to exist between the twins, fetal angiography was performed prior to the selective termination procedure. Determination of vascular connections between the fetuses was hindered by fetal bradycardia following intracardiac administration of contrast material. Selective termination was performed without difficulty using intracardiac potassium chloride (KCl) to produce asystole in the twin with hydrocephaly. The unaffected fetus appeared active and had a normal heart rate during and immediately after the procedure. However, both twins were found to have died the following day. Pathologic examination documented several vascular anastomoses between the monochorionic, diamniotic fetuses. A likely cause of death was exsanguination of the normal twin into the abnormal one. This case illustrates the difficulties encountered in selective termination of monozygotic twins and, to our knowledge, represents the first reported use of intrauterine fetal angiography.     

Stereological quantification of placental villus vascularization and its relation to umbilical artery Doppler flow in intrauterine growth restriction

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the number of vessels within tertiary stem villi and intermediate/terminal villi which may be responsible for the abnormalities in placental vascular resistance and Doppler velocity index values in growth-restricted fetuses. The placentas of 20 cases with intrauterine growth restriction and 30 cases which were appropriate for gestational age were studied. The umbilical artery resistance index, pulsatility index and systolic to diastolic ratio were measured in each case. The vessels were quantified by a stereological method described previously and vascular surface density and the volume portion of the villi were calculated. The placentas of preterm and term cases with intrauterine growth restriction displayed significant reductions in the vascular surface density of stem and intermediate/terminal villi and volume portion of intermediate/terminal villi stroma when compared with gestation-matched normally grown cases (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between Doppler index values of the umbilical artery and the stereological parameters of the intermediate/terminal and stem villi in the intrauterine growth restriction group (p>0.05). Some of the pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction (six patients) with normal Doppler flow velocity waveforms had reduced vascularization in the placentas, and these pregnancies were found to have no perinatal complications. We conclude that,although the placental villi show reduced vascularization in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction, the Doppler indices may be normal and this normal flow pattern is related to reduced complication rate. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Elevated mid-trimester hCG and maternal lupus anticoagulant

An association is described between women with lupus anticoagulant and abnormal prenatal serum screening results. Three cases of positive second-trimester serum screening for Down syndrome, with karyotypically normal fetuses, in women demonstrated to have lupus anticoagulant are presented. Serum screening positivity was principally due to a disproportionately elevated maternal serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) level. In each case, early, severe intrauterine growth restriction was documented, with only one fetus surviving the neonatal period. As maternal lupus anticoagulant may have a profoundly adverse effect on the course of pregnancy, we suggest that an elevated hCG level on prenatal screening prompt consideration of maternal lupus anticoagulant testing if ultrasonography demonstrates an otherwise normal singleton gestation and the fetal karyotype is normal.     

Shortened fetal long bones: A notable intrauterine phenotypic feature in SHOX-associated skeletal dysplasia

Objective

To explore the intrauterine phenotypic spectrum of short stature homeobox-containing (SHOX) gene-associated skeletal dysplasia and provide genetic counseling at-risk pregnancies.

Method

We analyzed the fetuses with SHOX-microdeletions identified by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array. The intrauterine phenotypes and outcomes were further elaborated.

Results

Nine fetuses carrying a single SHOX-microdeletion were reported, with deletion sizes ranging from 0.134 to 1.35 Mb. Shortened long bones were observed in all fetuses, varying from −2.0 standard deviation (SD) to −5.3 SD. Moreover, all cases had a femur length/foot ratio less than 0.87 and a femur/abdominal circumference ratio greater than 0.16, suggesting that non-lethal skeletal dysplasia may be involved. Two fetuses showed intrauterine growth restriction, and two had nasal bone hypoplasia. Prenatal ultrasonography did not reveal other obvious anomalies, including the Madelung deformity. Five microdeletions were inherited and one was de novo. Five terminations and four newborns were recorded. Two newborns had normal stature, and two were short-statured (height <3rd percentile), with one having inflexible wrists.

Conclusions

SHOX haploinsufficiency may manifest with shortened fetal long bones. The combination of history taking, prenatal ultrasonography, and SNP-array can prompt early prenatal diagnosis and timely postnatal treatment of SHOX-associated skeletal dysplasia.