水生植物复合系统处理富营养化水体的初步研究

根据水生植物不同的生活型,设计建造了由漂浮、浮叶植物组成的水生植物复合生态系统,并在洋河水库进行了动态模拟试验,从群落水平研究了多种水生植物镶嵌组合的复合系统对富营养化水体的净化效果.结果表明:富营养化水体在流经该系统之后水中的TN、TP、NH4 -N、NO3--N、PO43--P被有效地去除,对藻类也有很好抑制、截留作用,使水质和水体透明度得到改善.通过实践,水力停留时间3d时对水体有较好的净化效果.     

漂浮式光伏关键部件耐候性研究综述

为了解决能源需求和环境保护的压力,漂浮式水面光伏被提出作为解决方案。近海海域具有广阔的空间,提供了充足的布设场所,因此海上漂浮式光伏成为研究的热点。评估光伏关键部件的耐候性对确保近海漂浮式光伏系统的可靠性和持久性至关重要。近年来已出现了一些试验性水上光伏发电项目,显示出漂浮式光伏系统在水域中的潜力。然而,近海环境的湿度、海风、盐雾等因素对光伏关键部件的性能和寿命产生不利影响,因此评估光伏关键部件的耐候性能尤为重要。目前关于水上光伏的研究内容还较为有限,但各国已开始推动该技术的研究和应用。这些研究成果有助于促进近海漂浮式光伏的可持续发展,推进清洁能源的应用和环境保护。     

滨河消落带绿化种植盘设计

滨河作为特有优质的园林生态绿化带,是连接陆地和水体的纽带,具有独特的绿化价值,但同时也是生态环境脆弱地带.与其相近的普通绿化、普通喷播、边坡挂网喷浆种植的边坡绿化方式并不能处理好河水丰水期—贫水期形成的落差局势.针对以上现状,提出新型的植物种植盘设计方案,可取缔已有的水泥板和硬化河床等传统坡面形式,实现陆地植物水上移植化,打造出新型漂浮河道景观.     

Fraunhofer 漂浮式雷达与固定式测风塔测试阶段结果对比

为了验证国内首批漂浮式雷达测风装置的相关性和可靠性,了解设备测风精度的真实水平,在福清兴化湾样机试验风场区域通过漂浮式雷达测风装置与岛屿固定式测风塔同步测风。利用3个月的实际测风数据,对比分析岛屿固定式测风塔测风数据和漂浮式雷达测风装置在10,70,90和110 m 四个高程的风速和风向数据,验证2种设备测风数据的完整性、合理性和相关性,最终论证漂浮式雷达测风装置在风速和风向方面的可靠性。对比结果表明:漂浮式雷达测风装置数据合理,完整率达到90%以上,相关系数超过0.95,漂浮式雷达测风装置各高度风速、风向均满足风资源评估的要求。     

浙江紫金牛属植物资源研究

对浙江境内原生分布的紫金牛属植物资源进行了调查和分析.在紫金牛属植物13个种类的引种驯化栽培、生物制药与园林花卉企业紫金牛属植物产业化开发调研的基础上,对其主要种类的药用价值和园林应用进行了评价,对该属植物的资源保护和开发利用提出了相应的对策.     

公路路域植物表型可塑性浅析

近年来我国公路里程数增加,机动车辆的数量也迅速增长,造成的公路污染对路域植物生长产生影响。植物表型可塑性作为植物对环境的一种适应,反映了植物受到污染后性状发生的变化。选择国道210线富县段路域植物为研究对象,通过对植物多样性调查,对样地内三种优势植物的根长、株高、叶面积、根冠比等表型可塑性指标及样地土壤含水量、交通量和滞尘量进行测定,得出路域植物的表型可塑性变化趋势,并进行简要分析。     

猪场厌氧废水用于空心菜水培试验研究

规模化畜禽养殖业的迅速发展导致大量废水的排放,给环境造成了巨大的压力。本文利用漂浮栽培方式种植空心菜,通过蔬菜根系吸收吸附作用,去除水体中的N、P元素以及有机物,研究蔬菜在不同的生长期不同的猪场厌氧废水浓度下,对猪场厌氧废水的净化效果。结果表明,经漂浮栽培空心菜之后猪场厌氧废水的理化性质发生较大变化,对CODCr的去除率达到了85%以上;对TN、TP、NH3-N都有较好的去除效果,实现猪场厌氧废水的资源化利用。     

蛇根草属植物资源与喜树碱及类似物的生产

随着市场需求的不断扩大,持续提取抗癌药物喜树碱及类似物已成为当务之急。在蛇根草属植物中发现喜树碱及其类似物,是获取该类物质重要的替代途径。对蛇根草属植物的主要用途、生物学特征以及主要活性次生代谢产物进行了介绍,论述了运用生物技术从蛇根草属植物中产生喜树碱及其类似物的研究,并对该类植物资源的开发利用进行了展望。     

石蒜属植物的引种选育及快繁研究进展

石蒜属植物具有观赏、药用等利用价值。我国是石蒜属植物的主要分布区域,概述了近年来石蒜属植物在引种选育、开发利用及快速繁殖等方面的研究进展,对石蒜属未来的研究方向进行了展望,并对进一步开发利用该属植物资源提出建议。     

重金属镉(Cd)在植物体内转运途径研究进展

对Cd在植物体内的转运途径进行了综述。二价金属离子与重金属Cd离子竞争特异性离子通道会影响植物对重金属Cd的吸收,这种影响与植物基因型、土壤溶液金属离子的种类和浓度密切相关。重金属Cd在植物根部完成木质部装载后需要通过木质部和韧皮部进行长距离运输,但重金属Cd趋向于在植物根部积累,仅有一小部分会转移运往地上部。Cd的螯合形态对植物耐受性和区域化影响尚待进一步明晰和阐明。     

滇池草海东风坝水域生态修复技术工程应用

本文介绍了我院最新开发的湖泊生态修复集成技术包括湖滨陡坎沿岸带基底修复技术、植物浮岛生态技术、入湖河渠污染控制技术和湖滨沿岸带大型水生植物群落恢复技术在滇池草海东风坝及老干鱼塘水域生态修复工程的实际应用情况，本项目在滇池草海约3．3km。水面实现了大型水生植物恢复面积约1．0km^2，在湖滨带形成由挺水植物、浮叶植物、浮水植物及沉水植物等不同植被类型组成的生态结构，大型水生植物覆盖率达30％，恢复水生植物共计20余种，栖息的水禽及鸟类目前已达27种，生物多样性显著提高，呈现出郁郁葱葱、生机勃勃的景象，生态修复区良性水生植被生态系统已经初步建立，湖泊自然生态环境和水质得到了明显改善，水体透明度增幅约为65％-70％，TN和TP去除率约为30％，取得了良好的环境和社会效益，为滇池及超富营养化湖泊的生态修复提供了宝贵的经验和工程示范。     

氧化沟曝气与土壤植物系统处理油田污水

中原油田污水对环境污染严重,结合污水的特点,探索出氧化沟曝气与土壤植物系统结合的处理方案。过程由三级处理单元组成。一级单元除去大部分泥沙、悬浮物、漂浮物等固体物质;二级单元有机物借助好氧微生物和污水底部厌氧微生物作用而分解;三级单元利用土地以及其中的微生物和植物根系对污染物的分解、吸收能力来处理废水。上述过程的处理效率达80%以上。     

EFFICACY AND COST OF AQUATIC WEED CONTROL IN SMALL PONDS'

ABSTRACT: Twenty, 0.2 hectare ponds were utilized for a four-year evaluation of three aquatic vegetation control techniques: a combination of inorganic fertilization and mechanical harvesting, aquatic herbicides, and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Ponds used for herbicide and grass carp treatments were managed at three levels of aquatic vegetation (none, 40 and 70 percent plant occupation). Submersed vegetation was not controlled with inorganic fertilization. Vegetation levels were maintained for less than 30 days after mechanicai harvesting. Submersed macrophytes were not completely eliminated with herbicides, but the herbicide treatments utilized were effective at maintaining aquatic vegetation above 30 percent pond volume occupation. Grass carp consumed all species of submersed vegetation at the stocking densities used in this study; therefore, planned levels of submersed macrophytes were not maintained. Grass carp did not consume all floating leaf vegetation, but after four years some grass carp ponds did have lower densities of floating leaf plants. Fertilization costs were $608/hectare/year, and mechanical harvesting costs were $1979/hectare/year, resulting in a total aquatic vegetation treatment cost of $2587/hectare/ year. Herbicide costs for the different treatment levels ranged from $417/hectare/year to $1339/hectare/year over the four-year period. Grass carp were the most economical vegetation control measure tested, with costs ranging from $159/hectare/year to $248/hectare/year for the four-year study.     

流动人口空间结构分析

在人本主义地理学框架下，对城市社会空间结构的分类研究成为必然。以流动人口空间结构为主题，总结了城市化一空间的二元分析框架。在此基础上重点构建了流动人口空间结构体系，对流动人口区位空间、行为空间和感应空间的涵义、特征、功能等进行解析。认为流动人口空间是在城市空间基底上叠加的具有流动人口特质的空间形态，是一种再造的空间。提出流动人口收入水平及行为活动的多少是影响流动人口空间关系的主要因素。     

Water quality perception,a dynamic evaluation

Seventy-six users of a camp grounds along the River Loing (France) took part in semi-directive interviews concerning their perceptions of water pollution levels of the river. The results of the interviews were analysed in conjunction with objective water pollution data supplied by the water quality monitoring authority. While there is some relationship between subjective estimates and objective quality classifications many people appear to be tolerant of water pollution. Quality estimates do not seem to be affected by the specific water-related activities of the respondents. A number of criteria are used by respondents in achieving their overall assessment of water quality (colour, presence/absence of water plants and algae, presence/absence of floating debris, odour, movement and clarity). These criteria appear to be used hierarchically and in a multi-stage judgmental process.     

北京市流动人口聚居区人居环境市民化类型分异

以流动人口聚居区为研究对象,构建流动人口聚居区人居环境市民化评价指标体系,评价北京市典型流动人口聚居区的人居环境市民化程度,分析流动人口聚居区人居环境市民化的类型分异特征,并在研究基础上提出不同空间类型流动人口聚居区人居环境市民化的提升路径。结果表明:流动人口聚居区人居环境市民化进程呈“由近及远”的圈层式空间推移过程,并高度依赖于土地城市化水平;流动人口聚居区人居环境市民化存在显著的类型分异。据此,提出近郊城中村型、近郊城市住宅型和远郊城中村型3类流动人口聚居区应分别采取重建提升模式、优化提升模式和存续提升模式,以高效、有针对性地提升流动人口聚居区人居环境,缩小流动人口与本地户籍人口的人居环境差距,实现流动人口市民化的发展目标。     

Particulates, not plants, dominate nitrogen processing in a septage-treating aerated pond system

In pond and wetland systems for wastewater treatment, plants are often thought to enhance the removal of ammonium and nitrogen through the activities of root-associated bacteria. In this study, we examined the role of plant roots in an aerated pond system with floating plants designed to treat high-strength septage wastewater. We performed both laboratory and full-scale experiments to test the effect of different plant root to septage ratios on nitrification and denitrification, and measured the abundances of nitrifying bacteria associated with roots and septage particulates. Root-associated nitrifying bacteria did not play a significant role in ammonium and total nitrogen removal. Investigations of nitrifier populations showed that only 10% were associated with water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms] roots (at standard facility plant densities equivalent to 2.2 wet g roots L(-1) septage); instead, nitrifiers were found almost entirely (90%) associated with suspended septage particulates. The role of root-associated nitrifiers in nitrification was examined in laboratory batch experiments where high plant root concentrations (7.4 wet g L(-1), representing a 38% net increase in total nitrifier populations over plant-free controls) yielded a corresponding increase (55%) in the non-substrate-limited nitrification rate (V(max)). However, within the full-scale septage-treating pond system, nitrification and denitrification rates remained unchanged when plant root concentrations were increased to 7.1 g roots L(-1) (achieved by increasing the surface area available for plants while maintaining the same tank volume). Under normal facility operating conditions, nitrification was limited by ammonium concentration, not nitrifier availability. Maximizing plant root concentrations was found to be an inefficient mechanism for increasing nitrification in organic particulate-rich wastewaters such as septage.     

Microcosm wetlands for wastewater treatment with different hydraulic loading rates and macrophytes

Constructed wetlands (CW) usually require large land areas for treating wastewater. This study evaluated the feasibility of applying CW with less land requirement by operating a group of microcosm wetlands at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of less than 4 d in southern Taiwan. An artificial wastewater, simulating municipal wastewater containing 200 mg L(-1) of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 20 mg L(-1) of NH4+-N (AN), and 20 mg L(-1) of PO4(3-)-P (OP), was the inflow source. Three emergent plants [reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.; water primrose, Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven; and dayflower, Commelina communis L.] and two floating plants [water spinach, Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.; and water lettuce, Pistia stratiotes L.] plants were tested. The planted systems showed more nutrient removal than unplanted systems; however, the type of macrophytes in CW did not make a major difference in treatment. At the HRTs of 2 to 4 d, the planted system maintained greater than 72,80, and 46% removal for COD, AN, and OP, respectively. For AN and OP removal, the highest efficiencies occurred at the HRT of 3 d, whereas maximum removal rates for AN and OP occurred at the HRT of 2 d. Both removal rates and efficiencies were reduced drastically at the HRT of 1 d. Removals of COD, OP, and AN followed first-order reactions within the HRTs of 1 to 4 d. The efficient removals of these constituents obtained with HRT between 2 and 4 d indicated the possibility of using a CW system for wastewater treatment with less land requirement.     

EFFECTS OF FLOTATION REST ON CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING AND ORIGINALITY

The purpose of the present study was to explore whether or not flotation restricted environmental stimulation technique (REST) facilitates the creative problem-solving ability and originality. Sample 1 consisted of 40 subjects, 20 men and 20 women, randomly assigned in equal numbers to either a nonREST group (armchair-sitting) or to a floating REST group. Both groups worked on a `chain puzzle' for 5 min and were then interrupted with 45 min of sitting or floating. The subjects were then given the task of continuing with the creative problem-solving test. Sample 2 consisted of 54 subjects, 27 men and 27 women, randomly assigned in equal numbers to either a nonREST group (armchair-sitting), a dryREST group (lying on a couch in a dark room) or a flotation REST group. The groups then had to fill in a couple of paper-and-pen tests and were given scores on fluency, obvious answers, original answers, elegance and deductive thinking. The results (impaired creative problem-solving ability and higher originality for the floating group) were interpreted as an indication of cognitive function where the primary process still dominates over the secondary process.     

入库径流污染综合防控技术应用实践——以彭州市西河水库为例

针对彭州市西河水库污染现状及污染来源特征,为有效限制和处理入库径流污染物,结合库区自然条件,集成了"生态护坡—岸边人工湿地—人工浮岛"综合防控技术,并设计建设了示范工程。工程运行监测结果表明:经示范工程处理过的径流来水,除总氮以外,其他指标可以达到地表水Ⅲ类标准要求,其中,来水总氮平均超标63%,出水总氮平均超标24%,工程平均削减总氮23.93%。"生态护坡—岸边人工湿地—人工浮岛"综合防控技术及示范工程在西河水库径流污染防控方面发挥了积极作用,可以为类似水源污染防控提供技术参考。