生物质快速热解液化技术的研究

在介绍了生物质热解机理的基础上。论述了生物质快速热解液化技术的一般工艺流程及国内外的研究进展。并详述了自行研制的转锥式生物质热解液化装置的反应器结构。     

生物质固体成型燃料技术及设备研究进展

介绍了国内外生物质固体成型燃料技术与产业及成型机发展现状,综述了生物质固体燃料成犁机的几种类型及特点,对各种成型设备的性能和应用进行了比较,并针对目前国内生物质固体成型燃料技术及没备存在的问题,提出了我国生物质固体成型燃料及设备产业化的发展方向.     

生物质成型燃料质量现状及对锅炉大气污染物排放影响分析

生物质成型燃料在锅炉上得到了广泛的应用。生物质成型燃料的质量对锅炉的环保有较大的影响。本文通过对深圳市工业锅炉使用的780个生物质成型燃料的质量进行检测,并对其对应使用的锅炉进行大气污染物排放的测试,得出生物质成型燃料的质量现状,并对表征其质量的几项主要指标对生物质成型燃料锅炉对应的大气污染物排放的影响进行了分析。     

生物燃气制气供气装置选型计算

根据生物质热解及其干燥所需能量计算,选择一种生物质燃气制气供气装置作为生物燃油生产过程中用于生物质干燥和热载体加热的能量来源,对降低生物燃油规模化生产能耗和生产成本具有重要的研究实践价值和经济意义.     

燃气汽车驾驶操作注意事项

目前已在我国开始使用的燃气汽车主要有两大类：一类是在原汽油发动机的基础上增加一套燃气（压缩天然气CNG或液化石油气LPG）供给系统，称之为“两用燃料汽车”。两用燃料发动机工作时，要么使用汽油，要么使用燃气，燃油和燃气不可同时使用；另一类是在原柴油机的基础上增加一套燃气（CNG或LPG）供给系统，     

浅谈绍兴市柯桥区生物质锅炉应用前景

<正>引言结合绍兴市柯桥区印染行业整治中碰到的实际问题,通过对生物质锅炉、燃料的了解,提出生物质燃料锅炉适用性,并进一步说明了生物质燃料锅炉推广过程中执行标准及设备选用,并最终得出可以在绍兴市柯桥区部分地区有条件推广生物质燃料锅炉的结论。     

醇基燃料在烟草工业化烘烤中节能环保效果研究

目前我国烟草烘烤普遍采用密集烤房烘烤,在工业化密集烘烤中,针对燃料消耗和烟气污染排放问题,引入醇基燃料替代传统的燃煤及生物质颗粒燃料,进行醇基燃料密集烤房与传统燃料密集烤房的烘烤对比试验,通过烘烤过程中烟气排放检测和烤后能耗成本分析,评价醇基燃料节能环保效果。结果表明:采用醇基燃料进行烘烤,1 kg干烟成品燃料消耗量最低,较燃煤降低了48%、较生物质颗粒降低了55%,同时1 kg干烟成品烘烤成本较燃煤降低了4.1%,较生物质颗粒降低了14.8%。排放的烟气中不含有烟尘和SO_(2),NO_(x)和CO排放量较燃煤分别降低了84.7%、99.7%,较生物质颗粒分别降低了80.7%、93%。因此,醇基燃料在烟草工业化烘烤中节能环保效果明显。     

炼厂液化石油气(高含烯烃LPG)作为车用燃料的试验研究

炼厂液化石油气成分复杂,主体成分包含大量的烯烃,且含有硫、水及其他杂质.将其直接作为汽车燃料,对车辆以及燃料供给系统均存在不同程度的危害.通过试验研究除杂等精制工艺过程,得到了高含烯烃精制液化石油气,消除了杂质对燃料供给系统和发动机的影响.并研究了高含烯烃液化石油气在车辆上的使用性能.试验表明,高含烯烃液化石油气可使车辆的动力性有所提高,排放性能与标准车用液化石油气接近.由于炼厂液化石油气价格相对较低,因此车辆燃料费用大大降低,得到了包括出租车辆在内的广大用户的认可,具有良好的推广应用前景.     

小型液化石油气常见安全问题的解决措施

液化石油气作为高效、优质的新型燃料已进入千家万户。它给工业生产和人民生活带来了极大的便利,因而使用液化石油气的范围也越来越广泛。液化石油气的广泛使用,为改变城市和农村的生活燃料结构,促进社会和经济发展起到了很大的作用。     

液化石油气槽车泄漏事故处置

液化石油气是我国城镇居民的主要生活燃气之一,也是一种重要的工业燃料．我国每年消耗的液化石油气在1000万吨以上,用以生产、储存、运输和使用液化石油气的装置,遍及城市的各个角落。作为燃料,液化石油气具有热值高、无污染等特点,使用的普及率越来越高。     

煤焦油加氢制燃料油的试验研究

实验室研究利用煤焦油研制汽柴油替代品燃料油.以高温煤焦油为原料,选择加氢保护剂、脱金属剂及加氢精制催化剂,采用加氢工艺,脱除煤焦油中硫、氮、氧和金属等有害杂质,使煤焦油中烯烃饱和,从而改善煤焦油质量,制得合格的汽油、柴油替代品燃料油.     

Characterization of Products from the Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste

Pyrolysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the form of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) was performed in a fixed bed reactor to recover char, oil/wax and combustible gases. It was established that the yield and composition of the products recovered depended on temperature; the percentage yield of char fell as the pyrolysis temperature was raised from 400°C to 700°C, whereas that of oil/wax and gaseous products rose. The chars recovered were also found to have properties which depended on the size fraction analysed. The gaseous product evolved during the pyrolysis had a high calorific value, making the gases suitable for use as a fuel. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-ir) of the derived oils, indicated that they were chemically very complex and highly oxygenated, and have the potential of being used either as a petrochemical feedstock or as a substitute liquid fuel.     

哈龙替代产品的开发及其应用

介绍了哈龙替代产品的灭火机理、优点、缺点以及适用场所.重点分析了细水雾灭火剂的应用范围和发展前景,为开发新型清洁高效的哈龙替代技术提供一定的参考.     

The effect of changing the fuel of the LASTFIRE test

The LASTFIRE test is intended for the evaluation of foams used in extinguishing fires of flammable and combustible liquids in storage tanks in refinery and oil related facilities. The purpose of this study is to find, experimentally, an alternative fuel to be used in the LASTFIRE test, as a replacement for the heptane fuel, which is normally used in this test. Beside heptane, three other fuels are tested in the current study: diesel, jet A1 and kerosene. The study involved performing the LASTFIRE test, using each of the fuels and then comparing the results. The same foam is used as an extinguishing agent for all the tests and for each fuel, tests are conducted three times with separate foam discharging nozzles: semi-aspirated, aspirated and system. Using a commonly used scoring system, the results of the four fuels are evaluated. Any replaceable fuel should obtain the similar score as that is obtained by heptane. The study shows that none of the three alternatives has been judged to be suitable to replace heptane, in the LASTFIRE test.     

Effect of solvent on the hydrothermal liquefaction of macro algae Ulva fasciata

Hydrothermal liquefaction is an attractive approach for the conversion of aquatic biomass like algae as it does not require the energy intensive drying steps. The objective of the study is to understand the effect of various solvents (H₂O, CH₃OH and C₂H₅OH) on product distribution and nature of products of hydrothermal liquefaction of macro algae Ulva fasciata (MAUF). Hydrothermal liquefaction of MAUF was performed using subcritical H₂O (300 °C) as well as supercritical organic solvents CH₃OH and C₂H₅OH (300 °C). The use of alcoholic solvents significantly increased the bio-oil yield. The bio-oil yield was 44% and 40% in case of liquefaction with CH₃OH and C₂H₅OH respectively whereas the bio-oil yield was 11% with H₂O. Use of alcoholic solvents converted the acids obtained in bio-oil to the corresponding methyl and ethyl esters. ¹H NMR data showed that use of alcoholic solvents (C₂H₅OH and CH₃OH) increased aliphatic content of bio-oil1 (ether/methanol/ethanol fraction). FTIR and SEM results showed the difference in the bio residue obtained using alcoholic solvents and H₂O. The results showed that liquefaction with supercritical alcohols is an effective way to produce functional hydrocarbons for chemical feedstock.     

The Inversion Method in Measuring Noise Emitted by Machines in Opencast Mines of Rock Material

The inversion method was used to test vibroacoustic processes in large-size machines used in opencast mines of rock material. When this method is used, the tested machine is replaced with a set of substitute sources, whose acoustic parameters are determined on the basis of sound pressure levels and phase shift angles of acoustic signals, measured with an array of 24 microphones. This article presents test results of a combine unit comprising a crusher and a vibrating sieve, for which an acoustic model of 7 substitute sources was developed with the inversion method.     

转锥式生物质热解装置中热载体输送技术的研究

如何将高温热载体连续、稳定、高效地输送到反应器中，保证生物质颗粒充分的热解，以提高生物燃油的转化率，是转锥式生物质热解装置设计中的一个研究重点。本文提出了自行设计的高温热载体的两种主要输送装置，链式输送装置和气力输送装置，分析了各自装置的研究方案特点，最后对存在问题进行了探讨。     

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass in a Fluidized Bed Reactor: Influence of the Acidity of H-Beta Zeolite

Catalytic pyrolysis of pine biomass was carried out in a fluidized bed reactor at 450°C. The acidic catalysts used as bed material in the reactor were β-zeolites with varying silica to alumina ratio, thus having different acid strengths. Quartz sand was used as bed material in the non-catalytic experiment. The yield of the different product phases was clearly influenced by the zeolites acidity. The chemical composition of the bio-oil was dependent on the catalyst. Zeolites with stronger acidity formed less organic oil, and respectively more water and polyaro-matic hydrocarbons than less acidic zeolites.