湿法烟气脱硫技术的比较与选择

本文综合评述几种典型的烟气脱硫技术，比较各种烟气脱硫技术的特点和应用经济性，并分析了钙法脱硫技术和镁法脱硫技术实际应用的情况。结果表明在当前众多的烟气脱硫技术中，镁法烟气脱硫技术经济、脱硫效率高、污染少、无二次污染，必将成为今后烟气脱硫技术发展的主要趋势。     

烟气氨法脱硫技术在石化热电厂的应用

氨法脱硫技术应用于江苏扬子石化热电厂相当于660t/h锅炉的烟气脱硫,经168小时试运测试,具有脱硫效率高、电耗低、运行稳定等特点,副产物硫酸铵满足农用化肥标准,无废物、废水排放.脱硫工程的稳定运行,标志着国产氨法脱硫技术已经开始应用于大型火电厂烟气脱硫,技术和工艺走向成熟.     

镁法烟气脱硫技术在燃煤电厂的应用

以华能辛店电厂氧化镁法烟气脱硫工程为例,介绍了镁法烟气脱硫技术在燃煤电厂中的应用,指出氧化镁烟气脱硫技术适合高硫煤烟气脱硫项目,符合国家循环经济发展要求,对改变我国脱硫行业过于单一地采用石灰石/石膏(钙)法脱硫工艺现状具有现实意义.     

循环流化床锅炉炉内脱硫与炉外脱硫比较分析

通过对循环流化床锅炉炉内脱硫与炉外脱硫两种脱硫方法的脱硫效果、投资、运行成本进行综合比较分析，认为两种脱硫方法在工程及设备上的投资基本相当，但采用炉外脱硫的效果较好、运行成本较低，因此炉外脱硫应是目前循环流化床锅炉脱硫的首选方法。     

喷雾脱硫过程中喷雾特性对脱硫效率影响的数值研究

本文通过数值模拟研究了喷雾脱硫过程中喷雾特性对脱硫效率的影响，重点考察了液滴初始粒径、液滴初始速度和喷雾方式。研究表明雾滴初始粒径是一个重要的影响因素，最佳液滴初始粒径位于60－70um的范围内，垂直喷射得到的脱硫效果略好于顺向喷射，液滴初始速度的大小对脱硫效率影响不大。     

鞍钢齐大山选矿厂锅炉脱硫除尘器的选择

介绍了鞍钢齐大山选矿厂锅炉选用脱硫除尘器的过程，同时说明了选用脱硫除尘器的依据和分析方法。     

干法脱硫工艺在老机组脱硫除尘改造中的应用

本文以河北马头电厂6#炉1×200MW机组的脱硫除尘改造为例,总结了烟气循环流化床(CFB- FGD)干法脱硫技术在老机组脱硫除尘改造中的应用情况。     

锅炉炉窑脱硫除尘发展动态

本文分析了我国工业及电站锅炉消烟除尘及脱硫情况，介绍了国内主要烟气脱硫企业。     

浅谈火电厂烟气脱硫的特许经营模式

介绍了火电厂烟气脱硫特许经营模式（BOOM）发展的必要性和特点,该方式可使国家、火电厂、脱硫公司三方受益。文章还介绍了烟气海水脱硫在国内外的技术进展,列举了火电厂烟气海水脱硫采用BOOM模式的实例。     

烟气脱硫与循环经济

针对当前烟气脱硫存在的问题,根据循环经济的理论与方法,从烟气脱硫技术特点、工艺和脱硫副产物出路等方面探讨了我国烟气脱硫技术的现状及发展前景,认为基于循环经济下的烟气脱硫技术更加符合资源与环境协调发展的要求.     

BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ESTUARINE/COASTAL POLLUTION1

ABSTRACT: Sustained interest in and concern about the health status of the aquatic environment has resulted in extensive research focused on (1) effects of pollution on survival, growth, and reproduction of resource species at all life stages; (2) diseases of fish and shellfish, as they may be related to pollution and as they may serve as indicators of environmental stress; and (3) contaminant body burdens in fish and shellfish - their effects on the aquatic animals and their potential effects on humans. Effects, lethal and sublethal, of pollutants on life history stages of fish and shellfish have been documented, as have impacts on local stocks in badly degraded habitats, but as yet there has been no adequate quantitative demonstration of effects on entire aquatic species - probably because of the difficulty in sorting out relative effects of the many environmental factors that influence abundance. Sublethal effects, especially those that result in disease, have been examined intensively, and some diseases and disease syndromes have been associated statistically with pollution. Other pollution indicators (biochemical, physiological, genetic, behavioral, and ecological) have also received some attention, as have body burdens of contaminants in aquatic species. Research, especially that conducted during the past decade, has done much to clarify the many pathways and toxic effects of contaminants on aquatic animals, and has also helped to identify mechanisms for survival of fish and shellfish in the presence of environmental changes caused by human activities.     

Multiscale Drivers of Water Chemistry of Boreal Lakes and Streams

The variability in surface water chemistry within and between aquatic ecosystems is regulated by many factors operating at several spatial and temporal scales. The importance of geographic, regional-, and local-scale factors as drivers of the natural variability of three water chemistry variables representing buffering capacity and the importance of weathering (acid neutralizing capacity, ANC), nutrient concentration (total phosphorus, TP), and importance of allochthonous inputs (total organic carbon, TOC) were studied in boreal streams and lakes using a method of variance decomposition. Partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) of ANC, TP, and TOC and 38 environmental variables in 361 lakes and 390 streams showed the importance of the interaction between geographic position and regional-scale variables. Geographic position and regional-scale factors combined explained 15.3% (streams) and 10.6% (lakes) of the variation in ANC, TP, and TOC. The unique variance explained by geographic, regional, and local-scale variables alone was <10%. The largest amount of variance was explained by the pure effect of regional-scale variables (9.9% for streams and 7.8% for lakes), followed by local-scale variables (2.9% and 5.8%) and geographic position (1.8% and 3.7%). The combined effect of geographic position, regional-, and local-scale variables accounted for between 30.3% (lakes) and 39.9% (streams) of the variance in surface water chemistry. These findings lend support to the conjecture that lakes and streams are intimately linked to their catchments and have important implications regarding conservation and restoration (management) endeavors.     

Access for all? Barriers to accessing woodlands and forests in Britain

This paper presents results from research that identified and analysed barriers to accessing British woodlands and forests. This paper aims to contribute to an understanding of access and accessibility and to inform the design of policy and management interventions to encourage increased access by under-represented social groups. A brief review of policy and academic literature places the issue of inclusive woodland and forest access in the context of contemporary debates surrounding public health, well-being, diversity and the perceived role of public green space. There follows an analysis of quantitative and qualitative research findings, informing the presentation of a working typology of barriers. The typology is structured around the access needs of various social groups, allowing an analysis of the social distribution of barriers. The findings indicate the deep-seated psychological, emotional and socio-cultural nature of some barriers and highlight the need for carefully designed interventions that may lie outside the conventional remit of woodland management. This paper will be of particular interest to decision-makers and practitioners and to those involved in the design and delivery of policies, programmes and projects aimed at encouraging inclusive use of woodlands, forests and other types of green space.     

不同粒径磷矿粉钝化土壤重金属Cd、Pb的机制研究

采用盆栽试验,研究磷矿粉不同粒径（0．1、1．5、150txm）的3种不同用量（1、2,4g·kg。土）钝化土壤重金属cd和Ph的效应及机制。结果表明,磷矿粉的粒径越小、用量越大,上海青产量越高,叶面积越大,植物体内cd、Pb的含量越低,土壤中交换态Cd、Pb的含量越低,残渣态cd、Pb的含量越高。与对照相比,0．1μm磷矿粉高用量（4g·kg-1土）的处理上海青的产量和叶面积分别显著增加87．3％和147．9％,叶中cd和Ph含量分别显著降低46．9％和61．9％,根中Cd和Pb含量分别显著降低47．9％和35.3％,土壤交换态cd和Ph含量分别降低44．8％和44．9％。150μm磷矿粉低用量（1g·kg-1土）处理叶面积、植物体内Cd、Pb含量与对照都没有达到显著差异。1．5μm磷矿粉处理效果介于0．1μm和150pm磷矿粉处理之间。可见,O．1μm磷矿粉钝化土壤重金属效果最好,其机制是降低了植物容易吸收的交换态cd和Pb的含量。     

Rehabilitation and Flood Management Planning in a Steep,Boulder-Bedded Stream

This study demonstrates the integration of rehabilitation and flood management planning in a steep, boulder-bedded stream in a coastal urban catchment on the South Island of New Zealand. The Water of Leith, the primary stream flowing through the city of Dunedin, is used as a case study. The catchment is steep, with a short time of concentration and rapid hydrologic response, and the lower stream reaches are highly channelized with floodplain encroachment, a high potential for debris flows, significant flood risks, and severely degraded aquatic habitat. Because the objectives for rehabilitation and flood management in urban catchments are often conflicting, a number of types of analyses at both the catchment and the reach scales and careful planning with stakeholder consultation were needed for successful rehabilitation efforts. This included modeling and analysis of catchment hydrology, fluvial geomorphologic assessment, analysis of water quality and aquatic ecology, hydraulic modeling and flood risk evaluation, detailed feasibility studies, and preliminary design to optimize multiple rehabilitation and flood management objectives. The study showed that all of these analyses were needed for integrated rehabilitation and flood management and that some incremental improvements in stream ecological health, aesthetics, and public recreational opportunities could be achieved in this challenging environment. These methods should be considered in a range of types of stream rehabilitation projects.     

底泥的氮、磷释放及其微生物影响的研究

氮和磷在自然界的循环已经引起了人们的关注,一方面因为氮和磷是生态系统中必不可少的营养元素,另一方面过剩的氮和磷会导致水域的富营养化 ,从而使生态平衡遭受破坏.本文综述了水体沉积物中氮和磷受微生物作用进行释放的影响,以及国内外的研究历史和现状.总结了氮磷微生物代谢的特点,并阐述了与传统认识相区别的最新发现和思想.本文试图从理论上说明微生物的氮磷释放机理,通过生物化学和分子动力的角度解释了细菌对氮磷的吸收和释放,即质子动势理论和Pho调控理论.目前,这一领域研究的热点是为了特殊的使用用途对于高效微生物的分离鉴别和组合培养,和对氮磷代谢的影响因素.     

Regulation for environmental protection: The Nanticoke industrial complex,Ontario, Canada

This assessment of the environmental protection regulatory system for the $2.2 billion iron and steel plant, oil refinery, and thermal generating station composing the core of the greenfield Nanticoke industrial complex is based upon: the use of governmental and industrial research in project management; technology and institutional arrangements for environmental protection; evidence of environmental changes to date; analysis of government and industrial approval files; and interviews with government, industry, and interest group representatives. Planning, regulation, and management have been reasonably efficient and effective to the beginning of the operational stage for all three major industries as of spring 1980. Of major future concern, however, is management of the cumulative and synergistic impacts of the industries and associated development on air quality as well as the lands, waters, and sensitive ecosystems of the nearby Lake Erie coast. Continuous monitoring, more comprehensive research, and better overall coordination of government, industrial, and public interests are required if Nanticoke benefits are to be achieved without undue cost to pre-project resource users within and outside the Haldimand-Norfolk region.     

Women and natural resource management: Illustrations from India and Nepal

This article attempts to delineate women's roles in natural resource management by highlighting their roles in management of water, agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishery. The article is based on the findings of case studies in rural areas of India and Nepal done during 2003 and 2004 by the author as well as by other researchers. Taking women as primary respondents, empirical work used participatory techniques, such as in‐depth surveys, focus group discussions and participant observation. Findings suggest that women clearly outdo men in terms of their involvement in use and management of all the studied sectors, i.e., water, agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishery. Yet, they face categorical exclusion and denial of equal sharing of benefits from natural resources. In order to ensure sustainable use of these resources, the article recommends that policy makers, planners and development workers must have a better understanding of the relative and often shifting roles of men and women in natural resource management, including division of labour, access to resources, decision‐making and traditional knowledge and practices. The article concludes with sector‐specific recommendations.     

The impact of domestic energy efficiency retrofit schemes on householder attitudes and behaviours

Retrofitting existing housing stock to improve energy efficiency is often required to meet climate mitigation, public health and fuel poverty targets. Increasing uptake and effectiveness of retrofit schemes requires understanding of their impacts on householder attitudes and behaviours. This paper reports results of a survey of 500 Kirklees householders in the UK, where the Kirklees Warm Zone scheme took place. This was a local government led city scale domestic retrofit programme that installed energy efficiency measures at no charge in over 50,000 houses. The results highlight key design features of the scheme, socio-economic and attitudinal factors that affected take-up of energy efficiency measures and impacts on behaviour and energy use after adoption. The results emphasise the role that positive feedback plays in reinforcing pro-environmental attitudes and behaviours of participants and in addressing concerns of non-participants. Our findings have implications for the design and operation of future domestic energy efficiency retrofit schemes.     

Ideology and wildlands management: The case of Rondeau Provincial Park,Ontario

This is a critical examination of some of the basic concepts that have guided management of parks and related reserves, often termed wildlands. Study is focussed on Rondeau Provincial Park, Ontario, and on concepts such as wilderness, primeval forest, and the Carolinian forest. Deer culling and other management policies and practices have been based upon the idea that the highly valued sassafras, tulip, and other species of the Carolinian forest are decreasing due to browsing. Field mapping and analysis of historic vegetation records indicate that this trend is not in fact occurring. Historic research also reveals difficulties in defining the Carolinian or other perceived types of forest for management purposes. A major reassessment of ideology and management policy and practice seem to be required in Rondeau and other wildlands. Vague or general concepts such as wilderness or preservation should be strongly complemented and supported by more precise statements of objectives, a learning attitude, and experimentation and research. As a result of the technical uncertainties and value judgments frequently involved, management should also be based upon the expressed preferences and continuing involvement of citizens.