凹印制版企业清洁生产审核实践

凹印制版企业清洁生产审核工作处于起步阶段。该行业涉及机加工、电镀、电子雕刻、印刷四个生产领域,国家对于该类企业的清洁生产审核工作并没有统一、规范的理论指导。利用已有的清洁生产知识,借鉴其它行业清洁生产审核的工作经验,对某凹印制版企业进行清洁生产审核。利用权重总和计分排序法确定清洁生产审核重点,设置清洁生产目标。编制审核重点流程图、单元操作流程图判明废弃物的产生情况;对生产过程中的物料、水进行衡算,并做重要物质的单元素平衡图,得出审核结论,发现清洁生产机会。该清洁生产审核实践,对凹印制版企业的清洁生产审核有一定的指导作用。     

The role of environmental management system on introduction of new technologies in the metal and chemical/paper/plastics industries

Pollution prevention with the use of modern cleaner technologies in industrial sectors is the cornerstone of successful environmental policy certified according to the requirements of the international standard ISO 14001. The analyses were performed with the objective of assessing general aspects of technology modernisation as a result of the ISO 14001 certification in industrial enterprises in order to develop a better understanding whether the ISO 14001 certification can accelerate initiatives for the adoption of new and cleaner technologies within the certified firms on one hand, and, on the other hand, to find out to what extent it helped to upgrade their environmental performance. The research was performed within Slovene metal and chemical (including pharmaceuticals, paper and plastics) manufacturing companies with an additional emphasis on firms which are committed to implementing the IPPC directive. In general, certified enterprises consider ISO 14001 as a very useful tool in promoting and adopting new cleaner technologies. ISO 14001 seems to be particularly important to create better conditions for the technology changes in companies which are committed to the IPPC Directive. Companies in chemical and related industries, to a much higher extent, used predominantly modified technologies to diminish their environmental impacts, while companies in metal industries, to a higher extent, used a combination of existing and new technologies after ISO 14001 certification. It seems that better environmental performance is associated with higher productivity in ISO 14001 certified firms.     

清洁生产标准指标体系在审核中的作用

清洁生产审核已成为企业实施清洁生产的有效手段,清洁生产标准指标体系在审核工作中具有举足轻重的作用。文章分析了清洁生产标准指标体系在审核中的作用:判断企业清洁生产潜力,确定审核重点;设置科学合理的清洁生产目标;对审核产生的绩效进行评估;建立长期持续的清洁生产计划。同时,以某制革企业为例,说明清洁生产标准体系的具体应用。     

绿色经济与绿色GNP

给出了绿色经济与绿色GNP的科学内涵,论述了其演进过程,提出了构建绿色经济体系的主要对策,其中包括:调整产业结构的力度要不断加强,绿色技术和清洁生产工艺的应用与推广,推进清洁生产和ISO14000认证,研究适应绿色革命的理论与实践问题.      

Encouraging industry to assess and implement cleaner production measures

Cleaner production stakeholders have a strong desire for industry to consider cleaner production opportunities in their facilities and once they are assessed, to follow through on their implementation. This paper examines local and international initiatives within the Canadian stakeholder community (including government, NGOs, consultants, industry) that contribute to the initiation and implementation of cleaner production in industry. Specifically, stakeholders have consciously drafted regulatory compliance, education, co-funding incentives, and development-based cleaner production programs. As illustrated by case studies from six industries, the programs work together to create a climate favorable for implementation of cleaner production concepts and approaches. Based on the cleaner production drivers and barriers identified by research, the programs are well designed. However, as with cleaner production itself, there is always room for further improvement. Specifically: (i) regulatory compliance programs and timetables should leave room for cleaner production (versus end-of-pipe) approaches; (ii) cleaner production co-funding programs should target small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) and require them to use a multimedia approach (air, water, waste); (iii) education programs should incorporate demonstration assessments, feasibility assessments of common recommendations, and follow-up communication to foster implementation and continuous improvement; and (iv) mandated cleaner production should include absolute (i.e. waste/tonne production) rather than relative standards (i.e. X% reduction from status quo) in order to avoid penalizing historically proactive corporations.     

石油化工企业的精细化清洁生产审核

以某特大型石化企业的审核工作为例,探讨了国家和中国石化对清洁生产审核要求的主要区别,并提出如何实现精细化清洁生产审核。     

天然气输气行业开展清洁生产审核的意义

清洁生产是我国持续发展和科学发展的一项重要内容,也是实现我国污染控制重点由末端治理向生产过程控制转变的重要措施,而“清洁生产审核”是推行清洁生产的一种管理思路和方法。以中国石油天然气股份有限公司西南油气田分公司输气管理处为例进行清洁生产审核分析,阐述天然气输气行业开展清洁生产审核的意义。     

清洁生产在环境影响评价中的应用

当前的环境影响评价在某种程度上更侧重于环境的末端治理,无法将污染控制与生产过程控制密切结合,资源和能源不能在生产过程中得到充分利用。而清洁生产在这方面却有着独特的特点和优势。根据清洁生产与环境影响评价的内在联系,尽快地将清洁生产纳入环境影响评价是具有重要意义的,清洁生产不仅是环境影响评价报告中的重要内容,同时应在环境影响评价中得到充分应用。     

高校教师参与清洁生产审核特点评述

清洁生产是环保工作中一项新的思雏模式。清洁生产审核是实施清洁生产的一项有力措施。作者结合近几年在晶体管企业开展清洁生产审棱的经验,对高校教师在清洁生产审核中遇到的一些问题提出了自己的见解。晶体管生产工艺存在环境污染问题主要有：投产运行几十年,处于超期服役的裳置;硅片清洗流程,不仅耗能耗水,而且有大量的悬浮颗粒排出,带来环境压力,同时造成物料的损失,且在清洗中要使用氢氟酸、氟化铵等,度液中含有氟离子,污水处理难度大。本文旨在通过在晶体管企业开展清洁生产审核的经验,说明在晶体管生产中开展清洁生产审棱的意义和特点,并由此体现高校教师在清洁生产审核中的积极作用。     

江苏重点企业清洁生产审核的现状与对策

清洁生产是污染防治最有效的模式。结合江苏重点企业清洁生产审核情况,分析了目前重点企业清洁生产审核存在的主要问题,并从加大审核力度、审核宣传、咨询机构管理及政策支持等4个方面提出了建议。     

Cleaner production as a means for effective environmental management

Cleaner production is a strategy to prevent emissions at the source and to initiate a continuous preventive improvement of environmental performance of organizations. In terms of Cleaner production the focus of management should be on prevention rather than on cure in avoiding environmental problems. The inclusion of commitment to prevention in the environmental policy is one prerequisite of the standard ISO 14001. But how can a formalized environmental management system help to start a process of continuous improvement and voluntary self regulation? We conclude from our experience that Cleaner production and ISO 14001 go well together and support each other in helping an organization to really decrease its environmental effect. Analysing environmental management systems introduced on the basis of Cleaner production projects demonstrates, that Cleaner production supplies management and employees with systematic tools to decrease the environmental impact and at the same time save costs from inefficient use of materials and energy and motivates the organization as well by creating awareness throughout the enterprise.     

油气长输管道施工企业清洁生产研究

清洁生产在油气长输管道施工领域涉及较少,观念和方法还未完全推广。油气长输管道施工企业与传统生产型企业有许多不同之处,以某企业清洁生产审核为例,就如何通过清洁生产审核挖掘清洁生产潜力来做探索性、建议性的研究。实践证明,该企业清洁生产机会的突破口为柴油消耗,通过柴油消耗平衡图的建立和重点耗油设备运行状况的调查,找到了降低柴油消耗的清洁生产方案,使企业达到了“节能、降耗、减污、增效”的目的。     

港口清洁生产审核实践

清洁生产审核是港口实现绿色发展的有效方法。以天津某散货港口公司的清洁生产审核为例,分析了港口在能源消耗、废弃物产生、装卸工艺设备等方面的清洁生产潜力,进而提出了切合港口企业自身情况的清洁生产方案,对清洁生产工作在港口行业的开展可起到一定的借鉴作用。     

清洁生产工作现状与出路

清洁生产是一项系统的工作,其现状表现是各因素综合作用的结果。本文在对当前清洁生产工作存在问题进行描述的基础上,分析其成因,给出解决问题的对策,为使清洁生产工作沿既定轨道发展提供科学的参考与借鉴。     

浅谈对新修订《清洁生产促进法》的几点认识

新修订的《清洁生产促进法》已于2012年7月1日正式实施.本文对新修订的《清洁生产促进法》条款内容进行了剖析和解读,分别从国家建立清洁生产推行规划制度、清洁生产财政资金、强制性清洁生产审核概念、企业清洁生产审核制度、法律责任、增强法律可操作性和主管部门及职责的调整七个方面进行了阐述,以利于读者更好理解该法修改的相关内容.     

燃煤火电厂清洁生产方案的选取与实施

依据燃煤火电厂清洁生产审核的实践经验，通过对影响燃煤电厂清洁生产方案产生和实施的因素的分析，指出清洁生产方案产生和实施过程中应把握的原则及工作方法，从而为清洁审核机构及燃煤电厂在审核工作中，方案的产生和实施提供有益的借鉴。     

影响企业推行清洁生产的障碍及解决对策

清洁生产是基于污染预防的一种环境保护战略措施,是促进企业可持续发展的有效途径。通过工作实践,发现企业推行清洁生产存在动力不足、认识不足、资金不足等诸多障碍,提出了切实可行的解决措施,以推动企业的清洁生产工作。     

建设项目环境影响评价的清洁生产分析

根据目前建设项目环境影响评价中的清洁生产分析存在的实际问题,提出了一种比较完善的清洁生产分析方法。即原材料指标，产品指标，资源指标和污染物产生指标定性，定量分级综合评价法，并用3种生活垃圾处理方法为对象进行了实例验证。对在环境影响评价中开展清洁生产分析工作提出了进一步的建议。     

废纸制浆造纸业环境影响评价的清洁生产分析

文章介绍了清洁生产的涵义和评价内容,明确了清洁生产分析在建设项目环境影响评价工作中的必要性。以重庆某废纸制浆造纸厂为分析对象,从原辅材料指标、产品指标、资源指标、工艺技术与装备水平、能耗指标及污染物产生指标这六个方面对该厂生产工艺进行了有效而全面的清洁生产分析,并以此探讨废纸制浆造纸厂环境影响评价中清洁生产分析的指标体系、指标权值和评价方法,为完成废纸制浆造纸行业环评过程中的清洁生产分析提供参考。     

康洁生产——高技术污染下清洁生产的新视点

清洁生产自80年代末在美国等发达国家提出以后。得到国际社会的普遍响应，成为一种环保潮流，被认为是环境战略由被动反应转向主动行动的一个转折点，当今高技术污染呈现许多新的特点。对清洁生产理念提出挑战。文章从清洁生产的起源和发展出发。通过反思高技术污染对清洁生产的挑战，指出了“清洁生产”需要理论完善，提出了“康洁生产”这一环境战略的新观念。