用紫露草微核技术监测乌市地下水的初步研究

紫露草微核监测技术(Tradescantia,Micronucleus,MCN Test)用于大气、工业废水及农药残毒、放射线等的污染监测。植物微核技术的出现是近年来环境生物监测领域的重要进展之一,它使植物监测手段从依据种群变化,个体损伤和组织坏死等可见症状的宏观水平跃进到依据细胞内染色     

低温季节紫露草开花条件的初步研究

紫露草微核技术(Trabes Cania MCN)是美国西伊里诺斯大学马德修1978年建立的一种监测环境污染的方法,该方法快速而可靠,现以推广应用。由于受紫露草开花条件的限制,使该技术不能进行全年性监测、本文初步探讨     

低温季节紫露草开花条件的初步研究

紫露草微核技术(Trabes Cania MCN)是美国西伊里诺斯大学马德修1978年建立的一种监测环境污染的方法[1],该方法快速而可靠,现以推广应用[2]。由于受紫露草开花条件的限制,使该技术不能进行全年性监测[3]、本文初步探讨     

蚕豆根尖微核技术监测环境致突变物的研究

本文应用蚕豆根尖微核技术对环境致突变物ＮａＮ３，ＨｇＣｌ２，Ｋ２Ｃｒ２Ｏ７进行诱变性研究，结果表明：ＮａＮ３，ＨｇＣｌ２，Ｋ２Ｃｒ２Ｏ７能明显诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的增高，在一定范围内具有明显的线性剂量效应关系。说明该技术是监测环境致突变物的一种有效手段。     

各省动态

四川：加强核与辐射环境安全四川省环保厅日前下发《关于进一步加强核技术利用单位内部辐射安全管理工作的通知》,要求省内各核技术利用单位切实履行辐射安全的主体责任,严格落实各项辐射安全与防护措施,生产、销售、使用Ⅲ类及以上放射源和Ⅱ类及以上射线装置的重点核技术应用单位,还要实行辐射环境安全绩效考核制,确保核与辐射环境安全。     

科技动态

正工业废水处理再迎"中国标准"日前,在第十五届中国国际核工业展览会举办的"中国核学会团体标准发布会"上,由中广核核技术发展股份有限公司旗下中广核达胜加速器技术有限公司联合清华大学发起并主编的《电子束处理印染和造纸工业废水技术规范》(下称技术规范)正式发布。据了解,该技术规范是全     

浅析提升省级环保系统辐射事故应急素养的意义及措施

随着世界能源问题的日益突出和核技术的广泛运用,我们不得不面对发展核电和利用核技术所带来的安全风险,核与辐射环境安全是国家环境安全的重要内容。文章从分析青海省辐射环境安全形势入手,探讨了提升省级环保系统辐射事故应急素养的意义,提出了提升应急素养的途径和建议。     

加速推进核能及核技术应用 促进国民经济可持续发展

根据核技术的和平应用及发展,分析我国核能及核技术的应用情况,从核能发展趋势,能源结构调整、改善环境质量、推动经济发展等方面阐述在我国加速推进核能及核技术应用的必要性,提出发展核能及核技术应用的战略设想,促进国民经济可持续发展。     

《核建设项目竣工环境保护验收申请报告》等七种文件格式公布

国家环境保护总局于２００２年６月２０日以环发犤２００２犦９７号文发出“关于公布《核建设项目竣工环境保护验收申请报告》等七种文件格式的通知”。通知指出：《建设项目竣工环境保护验收管理办法》（国家环境保护总局令第１３号）已于２００１年１２月２７日发布，并于２００２年２月１日起施行。按照《建设项目竣工环境保护验收管理办法》第二十六条的要求，国家环境保护总局制定了核、核技术应用及电磁辐射建设项目竣工环境保护验收申请报告、申请表、登记卡及建设项目竣工环境保护“三同时”验收登记表文件格式，现予公布。七种文件…     

加强民用核技术利用中人员防护工作的几点建议

随着核能开发和核技术的迅速发展，核技术在促进经济发展、提升人们生活水平的同时，给人们生存环境带来了一定的潜在隐患和现实危害。如何做好民用核技术利用中的人员防护，成为核技术利用中备受人们关注的焦点。本文从辐射防护“三原则”出发，分析了青海省核技术利用中人员防护存在的问题和原因，并提出了控制和减小辐射危害的措施。     

Toxicity identification and high-efficiency treatment of aging chemical industrial wastewater from the Hangu Reservoir, China

The Hangu Reservoir, located in Binhai New Area, Tianjin, China, receives mixed wastewater from a chemical industrial park. The aging chemical industrial wastewater is less biodegradable and contains complex hazardous substances, thus having an adverse effect on local ecological service function of the reservoir and on local economic and social development. In this study, key toxicants in the aging chemical industrial wastewater from the Hangu Reservoir were systematically identified by the toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs), and the treatment efficiency of the aging chemical industrial wastewater was examined and optimized by a municipal wastewater treatment process simulated in a laboratory. According to the TIE results using and wheat seeds as tested organisms, Cl, Cu, Pb, and Zn were identified as key toxicants in the aging chemical industrial wastewater, with concentrations of 7349.11, 0.01, 0.07, and 0.07 mg L, respectively, which were confirmed by subsequent spiking approaches. Based on the TIE results, the aging chemical industrial wastewater could be classified as high-salinity wastewater. The co-treatment of the aging chemical industrial wastewater and municipal wastewater may be an effective and low-cost method. The treatment efficiency of the mixed wastewater increased with an increase in the volume ratio of municipal wastewater to aging chemical industrial wastewater. When the volume ratio was 10:1, the best removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total N, and total P were up to 85.1, 89.3, and 96.5%, respectively, whereas the toxicity unit of the treated wastewater was reduced to 0.50.     

基于EBM模型的长江经济带工业用水效率时空差异及影响因素分析

工业化进程的加快使得工业水资源需求不断增加，工业废水排放量也越来越大，如何提高工业用水效率从而缓解水资源压力成为日益严峻的问题。本文选取工业用水量、工业就业人数、工业固定资本和工业废水治理费用作为投入指标，以工业增加值与工业废水排放量作为期望与非期望产出指标。首先利用EBM模型计算长江经济带2008—2017年工业用水效率，其次利用泰尔指数来分析工业用水效率的区域差距，最后利用面板Tobit模型来分析影响不同地区工业用水效率的驱动因素。结果显示，近年来长江经济带的工业用水效率呈波动下降趋势，不同地区效率差异明显；经济发展水平、工业化程度、技术水平、水资源禀赋和政府环境管制力度对长江经济带的工业用水效率都有一定影响，但存在地区差异。     

TiO2光催化氧化的研究进展

概述了TiO2光催化氧化降解水中污染物的原理及TiO2光催化剂的制备，提出了增强其活性的途径。TiO2光催化氧化可应用于印染、农药、造纸等工业废水及饮用水处理中，研制高效的负栽型纳米TiO2光催化剂、解决太阳能利用问题、开发多功能光催化反应器是今后TiO2光催化氧化的发展趋势。     

浙江省环境污染与经济发展关系的实证研究

本文在环境库兹涅茨曲线假设基础上,采用1991—2014年浙江省环境和经济数据,运用回归模型对其环境污染与经济发展的关系进行实证检验。结果表明:浙江工业废水、工业废气、工业SO2排放量和工业固体废弃物产生量均符合EKC假设,其中工业SO2和工业废水人均排放量与人均GDP呈倒U形关系,拐点分别出现在2005年与2010年;工业废气排放量和工业固体废弃物产生量尚处于倒U形左侧上升阶段,其中工业固体废弃物人均产生量已接近拐点。而生活污水排放量与EKC假设并不相符,人均生活污水排放量与人均GDP呈单调递增的线形关系。对EKC驱动因子的分析表明,加强政府环境治理,以不断完善的环境法规推动产业结构升级调整,以持续的技术进步与创新促进关键行业节能减排,有利于克服规模效应,推动浙江环境污染与经济发展的关系早日实现解耦。     

Present situation of wastewater treatment in the Iranian industrial estates: Recycle and reuse as a solution for achieving goals of eco-industrial parks

Iran is located in arid and semi-arid region, which means water resource management is a strategic issue for this country. Water scarcity is one of the most critical concerns of industrial estates in Iran. For this reason, recycling and reusing of treated wastewater is the most practical solution for compensating of water shortage in industrial estates. Currently, only 20% of total treated wastewater is used for irrigation and almost 0.81% is consumed for industrial purpose. This study presents an overview on the wastewater management at the Iranian industrial estates for the purpose of achieving the goal of eco-industrial parks by describing the present situation and discussing the experiences of wastewater reuse systems for irrigation and industrial purposes. The aims of this study was to provide an overview of the wastewater management at the industrial estates in Iran towards achieving eco-industrial parks by describing present states and the outcome of wastewater consumption for irrigation and industrial purposes.     

Chemical industry wastewater treatment

Treatment of chemical industrial wastewater from building and construction chemicals factory and plastic shoes manufacturing factory was investigated. The two factories discharge their wastewater into the public sewerage network. The results showed the wastewater discharged from the building and construction chemicals factory was highly contaminated with organic compounds. The average values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were 2912 and 150 mgO₂/l. Phenol concentration up to 0.3 mg/l was detected. Chemical treatment using lime aided with ferric chloride proved to be effective and produced an effluent characteristics in compliance with Egyptian permissible limits. With respect to the other factory, industrial wastewater was mixed with domestic wastewater in order to lower the organic load. The COD, BOD values after mixing reached 5239 and 2615 mgO₂/l. The average concentration of phenol was 0.5 mg/l. Biological treatment using activated sludge or rotating biological contactor (RBC) proved to be an effective treatment system in terms of producing an effluent characteristic within the permissible limits set by the law. Therefore, the characteristics of chemical industrial wastewater determine which treatment system to utilize. Based on laboratory results engineering design of each treatment system was developed and cost estimate prepared.     

用改良彗星试验检测工业废水的DNA损伤作用

采用改良彗星试验直接检测了多种工业废水不所引起的Ｖ７９细胞ＤＮＡ损伤。结果表明,所测的种各工业废话水均含有ＤＮＡ损伤剂,能够诱发培养的Ｖ７９细胞ＤＮＡ链断裂,其中以制革厂不的ＤＮＡ损伤作用最强。本研究显示出改良彗星试验在综合评价各种废水遗传毒性方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

Determination of optimum operating conditions for industrial dye wastewater treatment using adaptive heuristic criticism pH control

For a pilot-scale application, pH control in the treatment of highly contaminated dye industrial wastewater containing metallic compounds as the main pollutants has been investigated with a method using adaptive heuristic criticism control (AHCC). Subsequent experimentation on between 12 and 18 l of the wastewater was carried out using statistical experimental design methodology to evaluate the effects of three critical factors: slaked lime (calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)(2)) concentration, iron chloride (FeCl(3)) concentration and wastewater volume. With these critical factors, the wastewater treatment process is modeled as an appropriate quadratic cost function of the turbidity of the clarified water. The model is optimized with Rosenbrock's method. Response surface topology of the wastewater treatment is given in terms of optimal concentrations of lime water and FeCl(3) and optimal wastewater volume at pH 11.     

生物化学法处理含酚废水的研究进展

含酚废水来源广、数量多，对人体和动植物都有很大的危害，因此．．必须对舍酚废水进行有效的处理。综述了含酚废水的处理技术和处理结果，特别是对生物法处理含酚废水的现状与发展进行了介绍和评述。     

A comparative analysis of methods to represent uncertainty in estimating the cost of constructing wastewater treatment plants

Prediction of construction cost of wastewater treatment facilities could be influential for the economic feasibility of various levels of water pollution control programs. However, construction cost estimation is difficult to precisely evaluate in an uncertain environment and measured quantities are always burdened with different types of cost structures. Therefore, an understanding of the previous development of wastewater treatment plants and of the related construction cost structures of those facilities becomes essential for dealing with an effective regional water pollution control program. But deviations between the observed values and the estimated values are supposed to be due to measurement errors only in the conventional regression models. The inherent uncertainties of the underlying cost structure, where the human estimation is influential, are rarely explored. This paper is designed to recast a well-known problem of construction cost estimation for both domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants via a comparative framework. Comparisons were made for three technologies of regression analyses, including the conventional least squares regression method, the fuzzy linear regression method, and the newly derived fuzzy goal regression method. The case study, incorporating a complete database with 48 domestic wastewater treatment plants and 29 industrial wastewater treatment plants being collected in Taiwan, implements such a cost estimation procedure in an uncertain environment. Given that the fuzzy structure in regression estimation may account for the inherent human complexity in cost estimation, the fuzzy goal regression method does exhibit more robust results in terms of some criteria. Moderate economy of scale exists in constructing both the domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants. Findings indicate that the optimal size of a domestic wastewater treatment plant is approximately equivalent to 15,000 m3/day (CMD) and higher in Taiwan. Yet the optimal size of an industrial wastewater treatment plant could fall in between 6000 CMD and 20,000 CMD.