中空纤维膜接触器分离烟气中CO2

在中空纤维膜接触器试验台上利用模拟烟气进行CO2的分离试验,采用MDEA与MEA和MDEA与氨基酸盐2种混合吸收液,考察吸收液种类、浓度、CO2负荷和烟气CO2含量对脱除效率和传质速率的影响.结果表明,在MDEA水溶液中加入MEA或氨基酸盐作为添加剂,大大提高了脱除效率,改善了传质速率,相对于单一的MDEA吸收液,混合吸收液的脱除效率平均提高了200%,传质速率提高了238%,其中以MEA作为添加剂的混合吸收液的传质速率在2种混合吸收液中最好,传质速率最高可以达到1.7 mol·m-2·h-1.     

废物处理与综合利用 一般性问题

X701200601497膜吸收法脱除电厂模拟烟气中的CO2/杨明芬…(浙江大学能源洁净利用与环境工程国家重点实验室)∥环境科学/中科院生态环境研究中心.-2005,26(4).-24～29环图X-5以氨基乙酸钾、一乙醇胺和甲基二乙醇胺水溶液为吸收液,研究了聚丙烯膜接触器分离模拟烟气中CO2的技术。分析了气液流速、吸收剂浓度、烟气CO2浓度和吸收液CO2负荷等对传质速率和脱除率的影响。结果表明:1mol·L-1MEA在流速0.1m·s-1,烟气流速0.211m·s-1时,CO2传质速率高达7.1mol·(m2·s)-1;1mol·L-1氨基乙酸钾在流速0.05m·s-1,烟气流速0.211m·s-1时,脱除率…     

膜法氨水吸收脱除烟气中CO2的研究

以氨水为吸收剂,对聚丙烯中空纤维膜分离烟气中CO2进行了实验研究.结果表明:随着气体流量和入口CO2浓度的增加,CO2去除率下降而传质速率增加;随着氨水浓度和氨水流量的增加,CO2去除率和传质速率均显著增加,但当氨水浓度大于2.5 mol·L-1,吸收液流量大于80m L·min-1后,膜接触器对CO2去除率和传质速率基本保持不变;膜接触器连续运行15 d后其吸收性能显著下降,CO2去除率、传质速率、总传质系数均下降约40%~50%.接触角测量、SEM及XPS表征结果表明:随着操作的进行,聚丙烯膜在吸收液环境中接触角逐渐降低,疏水性减弱,造成膜孔润湿;同时碳酸盐在膜孔形成结晶,堵塞膜孔,使得传质阻力进一步增加,从而造成膜接触器吸收性能的下降.     

PVDF中空纤维膜次氯酸钠后处理及应用于膜吸收

采用乙醇洗涤、次氯酸钠水溶液浸泡的方法,去除商品化的聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜中的亲水性成分,使之恢复本征的疏水性并用于膜吸收过程。以单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、氢氧化钠、纯水做吸收剂,对混合气体中CO2进行吸收试验。试验考察了膜有效长度、吸收剂种类、吸收剂浓度、操作温度、气相流速对CO2的脱除率和传质系数的影响。结果表明:(1)使用单乙醇胺做为吸收剂,CO2脱除率高且回收方便,且对膜损坏小;(2)高温不利吸收,但影响不大;(3)气速增大,CO2的吸收率下降并且影响传质速率;(4)稳定性实验表明,一定条件下,处理后的膜在0～28 h内都能保持100%的去除率,而原膜一般低于90%。     

膜接触器分离混合气中二氧化碳的研究

研究了聚丙烯纤维微孔膜(HFPPM)膜接触器分离CO₂/N₂混合气中CO₂技术,考察了吸收剂的种类、HFPPM的透气率和流程等因素对CO₂分离效率的影响.结果表明,液相中传质在分离过程中占主导作用;3种吸收剂的性能依次为单乙醇胺(MEA)＞NaOH＞二乙醇胺(DEA)以浓度2.5 mol·L^-1、流速40～160 L·h^-1的MEA水溶液处理浓度20%、流速0.5～1.0 m³·h^-1的CO₂/N₂混合气时,CO₂的脱除率为95%～99.5%,CO₂的传质系数为4.5～6.8×10^-4m·s^-1;透气率大的膜组件传质系数大,腔流程中CO₂的脱除率比壳流程高30%以上.     

膜吸收法脱除电厂模拟烟气中的CO2

以氨基乙酸钾、一乙醇胺和甲基二乙醇胺水溶液为吸收液,研究了聚丙烯膜接触器分离模拟烟气中CO₂的技术.分析了气液流速、吸收剂浓度、烟气CO₂浓度和吸收液CO₂负荷等对传质速率和脱除率的影响.结果表明:1mol·L^-1MEA在流速0.1m·s^-1,烟气流速0.211m·s^-1时,CO₂传质速率高达7.1mol·(m²·s)^-1;1mol·L^-1氨基乙酸钾在流速0.05m·s^-1,烟气流速0.211m·s^-1时,脱除率为93.2%;4mol·L^-1氨基乙酸钾在同样条件下脱除率达98%;而且在试验的较广烟气CO₂浓度范围内,氨基乙酸钾CO₂脱除率保持在90%以上.试验证明膜吸收法既适合目前最为普遍的PF和NGCC烟道气脱除CO₂,也是一种应用广泛、有良好发展前景的CO₂分离法.     

膜基吸收恶臭气体H_2S的实验研究

选甲基二乙醇胺溶液为吸收剂,聚丙烯中空纤维膜作接触器,通过单因素实验研究膜基吸收恶臭气体H2S的影响因素。结果表明,吸收剂浓度对脱硫率影响明显,适当的吸收剂浓度是保证脱硫率的关键因素;进气速率增大可以提高传质系数、增强传质,但脱硫率降低;提高进气压力可以提高脱硫率,但不如吸收剂浓度影响大;吸收剂循环使用对脱硫率影响较大,应在满足出气要求的前提下,合理控制循环次数和循环比例。对含H2S347mg/m3的进气,实验得到的适宜的脱硫条件为:进气流速0.35m3/h、压力0.1MPa,吸收剂流量0.40m3/h、浓度3mol/L。在该条件下,单级膜组件脱硫率稳定在96%以上。     

选择性脱除三氧化硫技术研究

目前常用于控制SO_3的吸收剂在脱除SO_3的同时也会脱除SO_2,导致吸收剂用量大、成本高。针对该问题,考察了NaHSO_3、Na_2SO_3等7种常用吸收剂对SO_3的脱除率和选择性,筛选出可以高效选择性脱除SO_3的吸收剂NaHSO_3,并研究了烟气工况对NaHSO_3脱除SO_3效率和选择性的影响。结果表明:吸收剂NaHSO_3在温度为300℃,空速为60000 h~(-1)的烟气工况下经过1 h的连续反应后,对SO_3的脱除率维持在86.2%左右,其选择性为100%;通过升高温度、增大空速和增加入口SO_3浓度等方式,相同时间内SO_3的累积脱除量均有所提高。用颗粒内扩散模型和Elovich动力学模型对不同烟气工况下的实验结果进行拟合,结果表明颗粒内扩散不是控制脱除过程的唯一因素,而化学吸附可能是NaHSO_3脱除SO_3的主要途径。     

NO/SO_2臭氧协同氧化与吸收特性的实验研究

为研究燃煤烟气中NO/SO_2协同高效脱除方法,某热电厂通过现场实验研究了O3对烟气中NO、SO_2的选择性氧化规律以及脱硫浆液、半干法循环脱硫灰对氧化产物的吸收效能。结果表明:烟气中NO、SO_2同时存在时,烟气中的O3优先氧化NO,当O3过量30%时,SO_2氧化率可达到42%;实际湿法脱硫循环浆液对混合烟气中SO_2吸收率达到近100%,对NOx(x>1)最大吸收率仅为42%;含水量1)最大吸收率仅为30%,且吸收剂在218s后即丧失脱除效能;含水量为15%的半干法脱硫灰对混合烟气中SO_2吸收率达到100%,对NOx(x>1)最大吸收率为75%,吸收剂脱除效果良好且具备长时间稳定脱除效果。     

膜接触器在环境治理中的应用研究进展

膜接触器是将膜分离和传统化工单元操作有机结合而成的一种新型高效分离器,可不通过两相的直接接触而实现相间传质.继21世纪初首个工业化实例成功以来,在废水中芳香族化合物脱除、重金属选择吸收、废气中氨、CO2、H2S去除等多个领域的环境治理中,膜接触器技术的研究与应用日益重要.在此基础上,文章对膜蒸馏、膜吸收、膜萃取和膜填料...     

MDEA水溶液膜法天然气脱硫的试验研究

以新配和含有一定H_2S的MDEA溶液为吸收液,以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜组件为接触器,通过对操作参数的调节和改变膜孔大小等方法对脱硫率和总传质系数进行研究。结果表明:气液压力差以及膜孔孔径的增加均有利于脱硫率和总传质系数的提升,即均有利于脱硫。降低进气流量和低气液比均对H_2S传质有积极作用。     

Reduction of VOC emissions by a membrane-based gas absorption process

A membrane-based gas absorption (MGA) process was evaluated for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based on C6H6/N2 mixture. The absorption of C6H6 from a C6H6/N2 mixture was investigated using a hydrophobic polypropylene hollow fiber membrane contactor and the aqueous solution of N-formyl morpholine (NFM) as absorbent. The effects of various factors on the overall mass transfer coefficient was investigated. The experimental results showed that the removal efficiency of C6H6 could reach 99.5% ...     

Emergency membrane contactor based absorption system for ammonia leaks in water treatment plants

Because of the suspected health risks of trihalomethanes (THMs), more and more water treatment plants have replaced traditionalchlorine disinfection process with chloramines but often without the proper absorption system installed in the case of ammonia leaksin the storage room. A pilot plant membrane absorption system was developed and installed in a water treatment plant for this purpose.Experimentally determined contact angle, surface tension, and corrosion tests indicated that the sulfuric acid was the proper choice as the absorbent for leaking ammonia using polypropylene hollow fiber membrane contactor. Effects of several operating conditionson the mass transfer coefficient, ammonia absorption, and removal efficiency were examined, including the liquid concentration,liquid velocity, and feed gas concentration. Under the operation conditions investigated, the gas absorption efficiency over 99.9%was achieved. This indicated that the designed pilot plant membrane absorption system was effective to absorb the leaking ammonia in the model storage room. The removal rate of the ammonia in the model storage room was also experimentally and theoretically foundto be primarily determined by the ammonia suction flow rate from the ammonia storage room to the membrane contactor. The ammoniaremoval rate of 99.9% was expected to be achieved within 1.3 h at the ammonia gas flow rate of 500 m3/h. The success of the pilot plantmembrane absorption system developed in this study illustrated the potential of this technology for ammonia leaks in water treatmentplant, also paved the way towards a larger scale application.     

液相氧化-吸收脱除模拟烟气中NOx的研究

分别采用Na Cl O2和Na2SO3溶液作为氧化液和吸收液,在自行设计的鼓泡塔反应系统进行了液相氧化-吸收脱除模拟烟气NOx的研究,考察了气相SO2浓度、Na Cl O2和Na2SO3投加量以及p H值等因素对NO氧化和NOx脱除的影响.结果表明,SO2会优先于NO与氧化剂反应,从而增大氧化剂消耗量.偏酸性条件有利于NO氧化,但酸性太强会导致Na Cl O2分解为Cl O2逸出.碱性吸收液对NO几乎不具吸收脱除效果,但共存NO2能促进NO的吸收脱除.SO2对NO2吸收脱除具有促进作用.     

A novel gas purification system for biologically produced gases

A novel gas purification system employing membrane contactors with dense membranes in the absorption as well as the desorption unit has been tested concerning the separation efficiency of CO₂. The separation efficiency of potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) promoted by piperazine (PZ) as absorption medium has been tested in the absorption unit. Since the absorbent will be regenerated in the desorption unit, the influence of temperature, sweep flow rate and absorbent type (0.5 M K₂CO₃ and 0.5 M K₂CO₃/0.5 M PZ) on the separation efficiency of CO₂ in the desorption unit has been investigated. Desorption by vacuum has been considered as well.In addition experimental results of the coupling of a bioreactor producing hydrogen by anoxygenic photosynthesis (low and fluctuating product gas flow rates and fluctuating compositions) with a membrane contactor for gas purification are reported. This was done in order to show the applicability of this system to processes producing biogases.