某企业35~59岁职工缺血性心血管病10年发病风险评估

评估某企业35~59岁职工缺血性心血管病10年发病风险,为制定有针对性健康干预措施提供科学依据。收集2021年该企业职工健康体检数据及职工健康调查信息,选取19 912例35~59岁、既往无缺血性心血管病史的在职职工为研究对象,采用“国人缺血性心血管病10年发病危险度评估表”评估10年发病风险,并进行两组间Mann-Whitney秩和检验、多组间Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验、χ2检验和趋势χ2检验。结果表明,该企业35~59岁职工缺血性心血管病10年发病绝对危险度M(P25,P75)为2.1%(0.8%,3.9%),其中男性M(P25,P75)为2.1%(0.1%,3.9%),女性M(P25, P75)为0.3%(0.2%,0.8%),男性明显高于女性(P<0.05);男性40~49岁、55~59岁人群的绝对危险度高于同年龄段人群的平均危险;发病绝对危险度随着年龄增加而上升(P<0.05)。10年发病风险高危、中危和低危分别为4.04%、15.5%和80.43%,男性高危和中危比例高于女性(P<0.05);高危、中危比例随着年龄增长逐渐升高,吸烟、超重、肥胖、高收缩压、高总胆固醇、糖尿病人群高危和中危比例均高于正常人群(P<0.05)。说明该企业35~59岁职工有4.04%的人在未来10年发生缺血性心血管病的可能性超过10%,应关注男性职工,采取综合管理措施,降低缺血性心血管病发病风险。     

西安铁路局职工10年心血管病发病的危险评估

目的：对西安铁路局职业接害人群进行缺血性心血管病的风险评估,找出高危人群,提出相应干预策略。方法：选择2015年在西安铁路疾病预防控制所参加职业健康体检的35-59岁有职业接害史男性职工,收集整理体检资料,按每5年一个年龄组分组,根据“国人缺血性心血管病（ICVD）10年发病危险评估方法”对各个年龄组进行评估。结果：（1）机务系统、供电系统心血管病危险因素检出率较高,除50-54年龄组,其他年龄组绝对危险度平均值较其他系统高;（2）10年发生ICVD绝对危险度平均值均明显高于我国国人同年龄组的平均发病危险;（3）随年龄的增长极低和低度危险度所占人数和比例逐渐减少,中、高度危险度增加。结论：要特别关注机务、供电系统和较高年龄组接害人群身体健康,积极开展心血管病的一级预防,加强体检后的健康管理和促进,从而降低ICVD发病的危险因素,保障职工身体健康。     

某地区铁路职工高尿酸血症检出情况及影响因素分析

为了解某地区铁路职工高尿酸血症的检出情况及影响因素,以2019年该地区铁路职工21 578名体检人员为研究对象,分析该人群中高尿酸血症的检出情况,研究年龄、性别、体质指数(BMI)、血压、血脂、空腹血糖、尿pH对高尿酸血症的影响.结果表明,高尿酸血症总检出率为22.4％,其中男性检出率(24.4％)高于女性;＜30岁和...     

铁路糖尿病患病职工血糖控制现状分析

了解某地区铁路糖尿病患病职工血糖控制情况,为改进健康干预措施提供依据。选取新诊断糖尿病职工272人及已确诊糖尿病职工175人,分析其健康体检结果及影响因素。结果表明,目前该地区糖尿病患病职工HbA1c <7%占46.98%,原已确诊糖尿病职工糖化血红蛋白控制率29.14%,入院治疗原因中健康体检检出血糖增高和出现糖尿病症状占75.43%,药物治疗率65.71%,运动和饮食控制率均为21.71%;新诊断与原已确诊糖尿病职工在血脂异常、肥胖、腹型肥胖差异有统计学意义。该地区糖尿病患病职工规范治疗后血脂异常、肥胖等有所降低,但糖尿病患病职工新诊断病例高、血糖控制率低,原已确诊糖尿病患病职工自我健康管理能力不足;提出应充分发挥健康体检筛查作用、早诊断早防治早干预、劝导规范就医、加强精准健康干预等建议。     

铁路职工血尿酸水平与高尿酸血症流行特征分析

了解铁路职工血尿酸(SUA)水平及高尿酸血症(HUA)流行特征,为高尿酸血症的防治提供依据。收集2021年某地区参加健康体检的31 415名铁路职工的体检资料,对SUA、HUA流行特征进行统计分析,计数资料的比较采用χ²检验,计量资料两组间的比较采用t检验。结果表明,该地区铁路职工血尿酸水平为(377.00±91.94)μmol/L,男性(391.31±86.17)μmol/L,女性(290.1±76.81)μmol/L;调查人群中HUA总患病率为31.43%,男性HUA患病率33.78%,高于女性患病率(17.17%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=487.531,P<0.01);不同年龄组间HUA患病率差异有统计学意义(χ²=405.398,P<0.05),患病率随年龄增长呈下降趋势(趋势χ²=397.239,P<0.01),其中男性HUA患病率年龄组差异有统计学意义且随年龄增长呈下降趋势;不同系统间HUA患病率差异有统计学意义(χ²=243.716,P<...     

《全球疾病负担2013研究》报告出炉 寿命延长跑不过疾病缠身?

<正>"描述世界每一个角落发生的所有死亡和疾病",20世纪90年代初,世界银行和世界卫生组织发起"全球疾病负担研究"项目,对不同国家和地区的主要病种、高危人群和高发地区、主要健康危险因素进行分析,从而为各国提供卫生决策依据。近日,英国著名医学期刊《柳叶刀》公布了《全球疾病负担2013研究》报告。结果显示,人类预期寿命在23年内增长了6.2年;与此同时,受病痛侵扰的时间也加长了。那么,哪些疾病最影响健康?什么因素导致     

法国工贸行业安全管理经验

<正>2015年6月21日至7月10日,国家安监总局工贸行业重大危险因素关键技术培训团赴法国培训,学习考察其工贸行业中粉尘爆炸场所、涉氨制冷场所以及其他高危作业环境、岗位的安全管理经验。2012年以来,在国家安监总局负责监管的行业中,工贸行业事故起数和死亡人数均居首位。为此,2015年6月21日至7月10日,国家安全监管总局工贸行业重大危险因素关键技术培训团赴法国培训及学习考察。在法国期间,培训团进     

基于职业病报告数据的监测预警系统设计

为了对单病种职业病的预防控制水平、某类职业病的预防控制水平进行动态评估和决策,运用信息监测预警的基本原理和理论,整理分析职业病报告数据,提出基于职业病报告的监测预警指标体系,构建出基于职业病报告数据的监测预警体系和运行模式。通过该监测预警系统的运行,可以科学的判断出应重点控制的职业病种（发病率高、发病工龄短、潜伏期短、病死率高、后果严重的职业病）,应重点控制的高危地区、高危行业、高危工种、高危人群,针对具体职业病病种应重点控制的影响因素等。     

2014—2015年吉林市食源性疾病流行特征和影响因素分析

目的探讨影响吉林市食源性疾病的相关因素,为采取针对性的预防和控制措施提供科学依据。方法对哨点医院食源性疾病监测数据资料进行统计分析,筛选相关影响因素。结果 2014-2015年哨点医院共报告病例8 136例,其中,食源性疾病7 763例,发病年龄以5岁以下的病例数居多(占56.71%);夏秋季为高发期(占35.18%、39.98%)。结论吉林市食源性疾病高发人群为5岁以下儿童;夏秋季为高发期;可疑食物以肉与肉制品为主;吃海产品、吃畜肉、在外就餐和年龄是食源性疾病的危险因素。     

对高危粉尘治理下重药

<正>2011年底修订颁布的《职业病防治法》,将"高危粉尘"写入该法,明确监管部门对高危粉尘作业实施特殊管理。高危粉尘,即具有较高引发尘肺病危险的粉尘,如:石棉粉尘、焊接烟尘、含游离二氧化硅10%以上的粉尘、金属粉尘等。高危粉尘作业是指劳动者在职业活动中从事接触石棉、游离二氧化硅含量在10%以上粉尘的作业,或者接触其他粉尘且罹患尘肺风险较高的作业。高危粉尘对作业人员的危害十分严重,主要表现为在生产活动中吸入粉尘而发生的肺组织纤维     

2014—2018年铁路辖区职工癌胚抗原检测结果与分析

为了解某铁路辖区职工癌胚抗原异常情况,探讨该人群癌胚抗原异常检测结果的影响因素,以提出防控策略,采用全自动电化学发光仪对2014—2018年铁路辖区职工的癌胚抗原进行测定,共检测159 214份。结果表明,癌胚抗原异常率12.1%,56～60岁人群癌胚抗原异常率最高、为14.5%,男性职工癌胚抗原异常率高于女性,血糖偏高人群癌胚抗原异常率为16.5%。最后提出应进一步重视检测结果,充分利用铁路现有卫生资源,采取健康体检、健康宣传、健康休养、健康管理的防控手段。     

铁路一线职工心理健康评估及风险预警模型研究

对某铁路机务段420名一线职工进行心理健康状况的现况研究并探索其影响因素,初步建立心理健康风险评估模型。整群抽取420例样本,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行心理健康水平测评,与全国常模比较,采用二分类Logistic心理健康风险预警模型进行回归分析。结果表明,铁路一线职工在躯体化、饮食睡眠情况、敌对、强迫症状方面的得分均高于全国常模。年龄、文化程度、现职工种、劳动班制、工龄等因素影响职工心理健康状况。进而提出应做好职工心理疏导工作,探索一线职工心理健康预警指标,实现风险识别关口前移,保障铁路运输安全。     

Psychosocial and Individual Characteristics and Musculoskeletal Complaints Among Clinical Laboratory Workers

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are an important health problem among healthcare workers, including clinical laboratory ones. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of MSDs and individual and psychosocial risk factors among clinical laboratory workers. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 156 workers of 30 clinical laboratories in 3 towns of Iran. The Nordic questionnaire with individual and psychosocial risk factors was used to collect data. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. The prevalence of reported MSDs among the study population was 72.4% in the past 12 months. The most prevalent MSDs were pain in the lower back and neck; 42.7% and 33.3%, respectively. Significant relations were found between MSDs and age, gender, heavy work at home and job control (p < .05). MSDs among laboratory workers were high and associated with age, gender, heavy work at home and job control. More research into measuring these factors and workplace physical demands is suggested.     

Needle stick and sharps injuries among health care workers in Gondar city, Ethiopia

Background

All employees in health care settings handling needles or other sharps are at risk for needle stick and sharps injuries (NSSIs). Health care workers in under developed countries are at greater risk of infection from blood borne pathogens because of the lack of safety devices and the high prevalence of these pathogens.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of NSSIs and associated factors among health care workers in government health institutions in Gondar city, Ethiopia.

Methods

Institution based cross sectional study was conducted from May-December, 2010. The study included 344 health care workers who were selected from the source population using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews using structured and pre-tested questionnaire and the collected data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.

Results

The prevalence of NSSIs among health care workers in the preceding 12 months was 106 (30.8%), of which 58 (54.7%) was reported by females. Lack of training on occupational health and safety, working more than 48 h/week, dissatisfaction with work environment and work culture, greater than 10 years of work experience and having low and moderate perception of risk were found to be significantly associated with NSSIs.

Conclusion

The study found high prevalence of NSSIs among health care workers. Effective training, ongoing awareness on the risk of hazards, preventive measures such as engineering control, and post-exposure prophylaxis following NSSIs are essential to reduce the risk of such injuries.     

Occupational Safety and Health Status of Sanitation Workers in Urban Areas: A Pilot Study From Wuhan,China

Sanitation workers ‘ workload increases quickly with rapid urbanization, but there is almost no evidence or policy recommendations for their management in developing countries. This study describes the health status and occupational protection of sanitation workers; it also explores risk factors related to their health status in Wuhan City, China. Three hundred and eighty-five sanitation workers from 54 streets of Wuhan were surveyed. Their prevalence of 2-week illness and arthritis was relatively higher than in the general population in China. Findings related to occupational protection showed that both sanitation workers (users) and their managers (providers) neglected the role of low-cost protection measures, especially masks, soap/hand sani-tizer and prejob training (use rate of 7.27%, 26.75% and 43.64%, respectively). High-intensity workload was an important risk factor for 2-week illness, and prejob training was an important protective factor against arthritis.     

Age-related accident risks among assembly workers: A longitudinal study of male workers employed in the Swedish automobile industry

This study investigates whether there is evidence of age-related accident risks among male assembly workers in the Swedish automobile industry. Age-related accident ratios (ARs) were measured for all accidents aggregated and for six accident types over a 10-year period, using five age categories and three time intervals. The results showed that regardless of accident type, ARs were generally higher among younger workers than older ones, though not for all accident types and time periods. ARs by (open) age cohorts increased over time in four accident situations out of six for assemblers aged 25–34 (35–44 in 1990–1991). Inequalities in risk exposure, labor-market factors, and early deselection from the occupation are emphasized as significant external factors in the age-related differences observed in ARs.     

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in an MDF furniture factory in eastern Thailand

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors contributing to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among 439 workers in an MDF furniture factory using questionnaires and the risk assessment form of the Ergonomic Assessment Tool for Arthritis technique to assess aspects of the workstations and working postures of jobs. With regard to factors that affected MSDs, it was found that workers older than 50 years were having knee symptoms: their adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 18.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.51, 226.40]. Those who had been working for 1–2 years were having neck pain symptoms: aOR 12.01, 95% CI [1.82, 79.43]. The recommendation of this study is that health monitoring should be provided for workers who have pain in various parts of their bodies, especially those who have been working for 6–10 years, and those who are over 50 years old with knee pain.