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《国际环境与污染杂志》2011,45(4):353-384
A secondary pollution modelling system for simulating airborne dispersion and chemical reactions is applied over a regional scale domain located in the North-West of Italy, where urban and industrial areas are present. It was found an overestimation of NO2 in the urban areas, probably due to an underestimation of the vertical diffusivity; the analysis of OX confirms that the discrepancies in O3 and NO2 are mainly due to local scale effects; the model shows a general underestimation of the observed PM10 concentrations due to the uncertainties in the emission inventories, spatial resolution, and the adopted aerosol modelling approach. 相似文献
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为了深入探讨絮体破碎行为对其分形成长及结构的影响,借助一种简化的絮体破碎模式对絮体破碎/再形成过程进行计算机模拟。通过对比分析破碎前后虚拟絮体的形态特征及其统计特性,得出如下主要结论:(1)絮体发生破碎后,所形成碎片的形态特征直接影响着再形成絮体的形态及恢复程度;(2)絮体外围枝杈结构的破坏,有利于运动粒子进入絮体内部或者均匀地排列在凝聚核周围,改善絮体质心附近颗粒的空间分布,从而有效地提高其致密性和抗剪切破坏能力;(3)在絮体分形成长过程中,存在一个使其由各向同性向各向异性过渡的临界状态,之后发育良好的枝杈对其余枝杈生长的抑制作用增强。此外,在实际操作时还应严格控制絮凝体系的物化条件,不宜使絮体过度破碎,以获得较好的絮凝效果。 相似文献
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利用InfoWorks软件模拟了上海市污水治理二期工程的水力学特征。根据实际运行数据校正了阻力系数 ,并对模型进行了客观验证。结果表明 ,采用的水力模型可以很好地体现上海市污水治理二期工程污水输送系统的运行状况。采用自动水泵运行顺序可以获得比手动控制更稳定的水位。非满流存在于M2泵站前的某些管段中 ,为了提高大流量下整个系统的输送能力 ,SA和M2泵站之间的管线调储能力可充分利用。 相似文献
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袋式除尘器内部流场的数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
袋式除尘器内部气流分布不均会加剧滤袋磨损,降低除尘效率。采用计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟方法对除尘器内部流场进行研究,分析了气流的轨迹及其在各气室中的速度分布。发现原设计中气流分布不均匀的现象比较明显,提出了在进气通道内添加气流均布板的改进措施。结果表明:改进后,除尘器箱体内部气流分布较均匀,各滤袋气流分配系数的波动幅度减小,各气室综合流量不均幅值降低。研究结果为袋式除尘器的结构优化设计提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Numerical simulation of smoke plumes from large oil fires 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kevin B. McGrattan Howard R. Baum Ronald G. Rehm 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1996,30(24):4125-4136
A large eddy simulation (LES) model of smoke plumes generated by large outdoor pool fires is presented. The plume is described in terms of steady-state convective transport by a uniform ambient wind of heated gases and particulate matter introduced into a stably stratified atmosphere by a continuously burning fire. The Navier-Stokes equations in the Boussinesq approximation are solved numerically with a constant eddy viscosity representing dissipation on length scales below the resolution limits of the calculation. The effective Reynolds number is high enough to permit direct simulation of the large-scale mixing over two to three orders of magnitude in length scale. Particulate matter, or any non-reacting combustion ;product, is represented by Lagrangian particles which are advected by the fire-induced flow field. Background atmospheric motion is described in terms of the angular fluctuation of the prevailing wind, and represented by random perturbations to the mean particle paths. Results of the model are compared with two sets of field experiments. 相似文献
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《Journal of contaminant hydrology》1988,2(2):125-138
A procedure is described for making regional assessments of pesticide residue loadings and movement in groundwater underneath and downgradient from treated fields. A Monte-Carlo numerical simulation technique is used to generate model parameters for both the unsaturated and saturated zones. Simulations are performed using the Pesticide Root Zone Model linked to a simple groundwater solute transport model.The procedure is useful for evaluating the potential for producing pesticide residues in drinking water wells before actual field applications are made. Appropriate land management options, including restrictions on pesticide application, also can be developed using this procedure.The procedure was used to assess aldicarb levels in northeastern North Carolina groundwater resulting from application of the pesticide to peanuts. Probability density functions for selected soil characteristics were developed using a direct-access soils information data base. Probability density functions for selected groundwater characteristics were developed from available data for the study area. Simulation results indicated that mass fluxes to groundwater exceeded 0.01 and 0.1 kg ha−1 approximately 6.9 and 1.0 percent of the time, respectively. No fluxes exceeded 0.1 kg ha−1 at a distance of 60 m downgradient in any of the cases evaluated. 相似文献
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Zheng-Tong Xie Ian P. Castro 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(13):2174-2185
Large-eddy simulations (LES) with our recently developed inflow approach (Xie, Z.-T., Castro, I.P., 2008a. Efficient generation of inflow conditions for large-eddy simulation of street-scale flows. Flow Turbul. Combust., vol. 81(3), pp. 449–470.) have been used for flow and dispersion within a genuine city area – the DAPPLE site, located at the intersection of Marylebone Rd and Gloucester Pl in Central London. Numerical results up to second-order statistics are reported for a computational domain of 1.2 km (streamwise) × 0.8 km (lateral) × 0.2 km (in full scale), with a resolution down to approximately one meter in space and one second in time. They are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. Such a comprehensive urban geometry is often, as here, composed of staggered, aligned, square arrays of blocks with non-uniform height and non-uniform base, street canyons and intersections. Both the integrative and local effect of flow and dispersion to these geometrical patterns were investigated. For example, it was found that the peaks of spatially averaged urms, vrms, wrms and <u′w′> occurred neither at the mean height nor at the maximum height, but at the height of large and tall buildings. It was also found that the mean and fluctuating concentrations in the near-source field is highly dependent on the source location and the local geometry pattern, whereas in the far field (e.g. >0.1 km) they are not. In summary, it is demonstrated that full-scale resolution of around one meter is sufficient to yield accurate prediction of the flow and mean dispersion characteristics and to provide reasonable estimation of concentration fluctuations. 相似文献
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An urban diffusion simulation model for carbon monoxide 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
W B Johnson F L Ludwig W F Dabberdt R J Allen 《Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association》1973,23(6):490-498
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在长纤维束过滤器动力学模型和现场实验数据的基础上,利用Comsol Mulitiphysics仿真软件对长纤维束过滤器过滤过程进行数值模拟。将3类仿真曲线(滤出水颗粒浓度随时间的变化曲线、滤液浓度沿滤层的变化曲线、滤床各层比积泥量的变化曲线)与实验所得的真实曲线分别进行对比,两者比较接近。说明该过滤过程模型可用于影响长纤维束过滤器运行特性中单个或多个变化因素(初始滤速、纤维束装填密度、流入浓度和纤维丝直径等)实验结果的估算,可作为长纤维过滤器的实验研究、操作优化和结构设计的参考。 相似文献
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Fracturing, either pneumatic or hydraulic, is a method to improve the performance of soil vapor extraction (SVE) in relatively low permeability soils (< 10(-5) cm/s). A two-dimensional model is presented to simulate trichloroethylene (TCE) soil vapor extraction modified by fracturing. Flow and transport is modeled using mobile macropore and micropore networks, which also have been identified in the literature as dual porosity, dual permeability, or heterogeneous flow models. In this model, fluids can flow in both the macropore and micropore networks. This represents a more general model compared to immobile micropore, mobile macropore models presented thus far in the literature for vapor flow and transport in two dimensions. The model considers pressure- and concentration-driven exchange between the macropore and micropore networks, concentration-driven exchange between the gas and sorbed phases within each network, and equilibrium exchange between the gas and water and a sorbed phase within each network. The parameters employed in an example simulation are based on field measurements made at a fractured site. Considered in the simulations were the influence of the volume percentage of fractures, the length of fractures, the relative location of the water table, and the influence of pulsed pumping. For these simulations, internetwork concentration-driven exchange most significantly affected mass removal. The volume percentage of fractures more significantly influence flow and mass removal than the length of fractures. The depth of the water table below the contamination plume only significantly influenced flow and mass removal when the water table was within 60 cm of the bottom of the contaminated soil in the vadose zone for the parameters considered in this study. Pulsed pumping was not found to increase the amount of mass removed in this study. 相似文献
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应用CFD软件Fluent对浸没式膜生物反应器(submerged membrane bioreactor,SMBR)内气液两相流进行数值模拟研究,重点考查曝气系统的改变对气液两相流态的影响,并结合PIV实验验证模拟结果,从而为反应器的优化设计及膜污染的控制提供理论依据。模拟结果表明,SMBR内曝气强化了气液两相紊动,膜表面液相速度沿反应器高度增加且形成循环流动,有利于膜面污染物的脱落;反应器内气含率分布不均匀,出现死区,不利于微生物的生长;经实验验证,模拟结果吻合良好。 相似文献