共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
成都地区典型土壤与农作物中砷含量研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
成都地区土壤和农作物中砷污染研究资料不多,本文以成都地区7类典型土壤和该土壤上生长的10余种常见农作物中的砷含量为研究对象,通过对监测数据的整理、分析,应用正态分布、方差分析、线性相关检验等方法对土壤和农作物中砷的分布规律以及两者的关系进行了比较详尽的分析和研究,并对比了国内相关研究结果,说明了成都地区土壤和农作物中砷污染的规律和相关性。 相似文献
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针对目前土壤-农作物镉污染问题,以浙江省40个县(市、区)主要优势农产品产区为研究对象,在粮食、油菜、蔬菜种植地以及茶园和果园土壤中共采集898个单元土壤样品及相对应的五大类农作物,并对其镉含量进行分析评价;同时采用富集系数比较不同农作物对土壤重金属镉的吸收差异。结果表明,研究区产地土壤和农作物的镉含量存在一定程度超标,土壤超标率为10.69%,农作物超标率为4.57%。不同农作物对土壤镉的富集系数差异较大,变化范围在0.002~0.257之间。土壤-农作物镉含量的相关性并不显著。 相似文献
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煤层气勘探开发和利用的环境影响分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
煤层气是煤层中自生自储的一种非常规天然气,其成分主要是甲烷。与煤和石油比较,煤层气是一种清洁能源,因此加快煤层气的开发和利用,能改善能源结构,缓和能源紧张状况,减少环境污染。根据煤层气的特点,详细分析了其对于大气环境、水环境以及土壤、植物的影响因素后指出:开发利用煤层气对大气环境的影响利大于弊,而对水体、土壤、农作物等则产生一系列不利影响。 相似文献
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韶关土壤重金属污染状况 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着工矿业的迅猛发展,韶关土壤重金属污染日益严重,直接影响到农作物的安全生产。笔者对韶关土壤重金属污染来源及其现状作了概述,并针对污染状况及其当地农作物生产的特点提出了一些治理和修复建议。 相似文献
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矿物添加剂对复混肥料的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
添加剂是复混肥料中不可忽视的组分。介绍了几种矿物添加剂在复混肥料中的作用。在测土配方施用复混肥中,添加剂也需要“测土配方”,传统的粘土矿物添加剂对复混肥生产和储存有较好的效果,但对土壤和农作物也有不利的影响。矿物添加剂有利于补充土壤有机质,复混肥料的应用前景广阔,但还需进一步研究和探明既有利于复混肥生产和储存,又有利于土壤和农作物的地质矿物和工艺。 相似文献
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为探讨原油伴生卤水对农作物的影响,进行了种子发芽率试验和田间试验,确定了土壤氯化物含量影响棉花生长的临界值。结果表明,当土壤中氯离子含量大于306.7 mg/kg时,可明显影响棉花的正常生长,使产量明显下降,并污染土壤环境。 相似文献
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非金属矿物和工业岩石在农用肥料中应用效果显著,它不仅可以提高农作物产量,改善农作物产品品质,还可以起到改良土壤、保水保肥和防止土地结块作用。随着试验、研究工作的不断深入,这一新型矿质肥料的开发应用正表现出许多新的发展趋势,研究其增产机理并结合农业地质背景的分析来应用这一新型矿质肥料则前景更为广阔。 相似文献
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成都平原农用土壤重金属污染现状及防治对策 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
随着工业化进程的加快和农业生产中化肥和农药不合理施用使得农用土壤重金属污染风险逐渐增大。本文对成都平原农用土壤和农作物重金属污染现状进行了综述,发现农用土壤和蔬菜中重金属污染均以Pb、Cd和Hg三种元素为主。分析了重金属离子在土壤一植物系统中迁移的一般规律及其影响因子,分析了农用土壤重金属污染的主要原因,为预防和防治污染提供了一些建议。 相似文献
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Impact of genetically modified crops and their management on soil microbially mediated plant nutrient transformations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
One of the potential environmental effects of the recent rapid increase in the global agricultural area cultivated with transgenic crops is a change in soil microbially mediated processes and functions. Among the many essential functions of soil biota are soil organic matter decomposition, nutrient mineralization and immobilization, oxidation-reduction reactions, biological N fixation, and solubilization. However, relatively little research has examined the direct and indirect effects of transgenic crops and their management on microbially mediated nutrient transformations in soils. The objectives of this paper are to review the available literature related to the environmental effects of transgenic crops and their management on soil microbially mediated nutrient transformations, and to consider soil properties and climatic factors that may affect the impact of transgenic crops on these processes. Targeted genetic traits for improved plant nutrition include greater plant tolerance to low Fe availability in alkaline soils, enhanced acquisition of soil inorganic and organic P, and increased assimilation of soil N. Among the potential direct effects of transgenic crops and their management are changes in soil microbial activity due to differences in the amount and composition of root exudates, changes in microbial functions resulting from gene transfer from the transgenic crop, and alteration in microbial populations because of the effects of management practices for transgenic crops, such as pesticide applications, tillage, and application of inorganic and organic fertilizer sources. Possible indirect effects of transgenic crops, including changes in the fate of transgenic crop residues and alterations in land use and rates of soil erosion, deserve further study. Despite widespread public concern, no conclusive evidence has yet been presented that currently released transgenic crops, including both herbicide and pest resistant crops, are causing significant direct effects on stimulating or suppressing soil nutrient transformations in field environments. Further consideration of the effects of a wide range of soil properties, including the amount of clay and its mineralogy, pH, soil structure, and soil organic matter, and variations in climatic conditions, under which transgenic crops may be grown, is needed in evaluating the impact of transgenic crops on soil nutrient transformations. Future environmental evaluation of the impact of the diverse transgenic crops under development could lead to an improved understanding of soil biological functions and processes. 相似文献
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Enhancing the Ability of a Soil Moisture‐based Index for Agricultural Drought Monitoring by Incorporating Root Distribution 下载免费PDF全文
Hongkui Zhou Jianjun Wu Guangpo Geng Xiaohan Li Qianfeng Wang Tianjie Lei Xinyu Mo Leizhen Liu 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(6):1409-1423
Agricultural drought differs from meteorological, hydrological, and socioeconomic drought, being closely related to soil water availability in the root zone, specifically for crop and crop growth stage. In previous studies, several soil moisture indices (e.g., the soil moisture index, soil water deficit index) based on soil water availability have been developed for agricultural drought monitoring. However, when developing these indices, it was generally assumed that soil water availability to crops was equal throughout the root zone, and the effects of root distribution and crop growth stage on soil water uptake were ignored. This article aims to incorporate root distribution into a soil moisture‐based index and to evaluate the performance of the improved soil moisture index for agricultural drought monitoring. The Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain of China was used as the study area. Overall, soil moisture indices were significantly correlated with the crop moisture index (CMI), and the improved root‐weighted soil moisture index (RSMI) was more closely related to the CMI than averaged soil moisture indices. The RSMI correctly identified most of the observed drought events and performed well in the detection of drought levels. Furthermore, the RSMI had a better performance than averaged soil moisture indices when compared to crop yield. In conclusion, soil moisture indices could improve agricultural drought monitoring by incorporating root distribution. 相似文献
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Domestic livestock animals and soils must be considered together as part of an agroecosystem which includes plants. Soil sustainability may be simply defined as the maintenance of soil productivity for future generations. There are both positive and negative aspects concerning the role of animals in soil sustainability. In a positive sense, agroecosystems which include ruminant animals often also include hay forage-or pasture-based crops in the humid regions. Such crops stabilize the soil by decreasing erosion, improving soil structure and usually require fewer chemical inputs. Monogastric animal culture is based on an agroecosystem consisting of mainly grain crops. These crops can result in the soil being exposed to water and wind erosion although soil conservation practices that significantly reduce soil losses may be followed. The management of animal manures is not always compatible with soil conservation practices. Careful management of the nutrients in manure is absolutely necessary to avoid nitrate contamination of ground water or phosphorus loading of streams and lakes. In a negative sense, increases in animal livestock populations in association with human population growth are promoting desertification in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The key component for a fully compatible and acceptable association between domestic animals and soil productivity is proper management. Careful management of the components of an animal-based agroecosystem is required if soil productivity and environmental quality are to be maintained. Although we have much to learn, technologies are available to move a considerable way towards this ideal state. 相似文献
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Lignite fly ash (LFA), being alkaline and endowed with excellent pozzolanic properties, a silt loam texture, and plant nutrients,
has the potential to improve soil quality and productivity. Long-term field trials with groundnut, maize, and sun hemp were
carried out to study the effect of LFA on growth and yield. Before crop I was sown, LFA was applied at various doses with
and without press mud (an organic waste from the sugar industry, used as an amendment and source of nutrients). LFA with and
without press mud was also applied before crops III and V were cultivated. Chemical fertilizer, along with gypsum, humic acid,
and biofertilizer, was applied in all treatments, including the control. With one-time and repeat applications of LFA (with
and without press mud), yield increased significantly (7.0–89.0%) in relation to the control crop. The press mud enhanced
the yield (3.0–15.0%) with different LFA applications. The highest yield LFA dose was 200 t/ha for one-time and repeat applications,
the maximum yield being with crop III (combination treatment). One-time and repeat application of LFA (alone and in combination
with press mud) improved soil quality and the nutrient content of the produce. The highest dose of LFA (200 t/ha) with and
without press mud showed the best residual effects (eco-friendly increases in the yield of succeeding crops). Some increase
in trace- and heavy-metal contents and in the level of γ-emitters in soil and crop produce, but well within permissible limits,
was observed. Thus, LFA can be used on a large scale to boost soil fertility and productivity with no adverse effects on the
soil or crops, which may solve the problem of bulk disposal of fly ash in an eco-friendly manner. 相似文献
15.
会理污灌区重金属污染的调查,评价及防治对策 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文调查、评价了会理县锌矿污灌区内水、土、作物的重金属污染状况。调查结果表明:污灌区内土壤、作物重金属污染严重,尤以镉污染突出。作物中镉含量与距污染源距离呈负相关(r=-0.995)。镉在水稻植株各部位的分布,以根系含镉量最高,茎叶次之,谷粒最少。评价结果表明农灌水的污染程度不大,土壤中Cd、Zn、Pb污染是土壤污染的主要表现,水稻的污染较玉米更为严重。Cd已对人体健康构成潜在危害。本文还针对污染区的重金属污染提出了相应的防治措施 相似文献
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A regional-scale study on the crop uptake of cadmium from sandy soils: measurement and modeling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Plant uptake is one of the major pathways by which cadmium (Cd) in soils enters the human food chain. This study was conducted to investigate the uptake of Cd by crops from soils within the wastewater irrigation area (WIA) of Braunschweig (Germany) and to develop a simple process-oriented model that is suited to predict Cd uptake at the regional scale. The sandy soils within the WIA (4300 ha) have received considerable loads of heavy metals by irrigation using municipal wastewater for up to 40 years. In 1998 and 1999, we sampled soil and plant material at 40 potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), 40 sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), and 32 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields. In both years and for all three crops, we found close linear relationships between the Cd content of plant material and the Cd concentration in soil solution. For all three crops, we observed a trend of relatively increased Cd uptake in the year with the higher saturation deficit of the atmosphere. We interpret this to indicate that transpiration plays an important role in the Cd uptake of crops under the conditions of the WIA. In modeling the uptake of Cd by crops, we assume that uptake is proportional to mass flow, that is, the product of water transpired, Cd concentration in soil solution, and a plant-specific empirical parameter. The simulations agreed well with the observed Cd contents in crops. Our model explained between 66 and 87% of the observed variance. 相似文献
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Zheljazkov VD 《Journal of environmental quality》2005,34(6):2310-2317
A field and two container experiments were conducted to assess uncomposted wool and hair wastes as a nutrient source for crops and to evaluate their potential to improve soil biological and chemical properties. Overall, addition of wool or hair waste to soil increased yields of basil (Ocimum basilicum L. 'Trakia'), thorn apple (Datura innoxia Mill. 'Inka'), peppermint (Mentha x piperita L. 'Black Mitchum'), and garden sage (Salvia officinalis L. 'Desislava'), increased NH(4)-N and NO(3)-N in soil, increased total N (and protein) content in plant tissue, stimulated soil microbial biomass, and decreased mycorrhizae colonization of plant roots of thorn apple but not in basil. Wool and hair waste additions to soil altered slightly the content and composition of plant secondary metabolites (essential oils or alkaloids); however, overall the constituents remained within the "typical" range for the respective crops. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis demonstrated that wool and hair wastes decompose slowly under field or greenhouse conditions, and act as a slow release S, N, P, and K fertilizer. These results, along with the measured concentrations of NO(3)-N in soil at harvest, suggest that the addition of wool or hair waste of only 3.3 g kg(-1) of soil may support two to five harvests or crops under greenhouse conditions and two to four field seasons in field production systems, and would improve soil biological and chemical characteristics. Further research is needed to optimize the rate of application of these waste materials to the nutrient requirements of specific crops to avoid nitrate leaching into the ground water. In addition, the effect of wool and hair waste on other environmental end points should also be further investigated before specific recommendations for growers are provided. 相似文献