改性粉煤灰催化类Fenton试剂氧化法深度处理造纸废水

采用改性粉煤灰催化类Fenton试剂氧化法处理造纸废水,对COD去除率的各影响因素进行了研究。实验结果表明,在酸改性粉煤灰加入量为34 g/L、H2O2加入量为8.20 mmol/L、FeSO4加入量为8.8 mmol/L、反应时间为45 min、不调节pH的条件下,出水COD为56 mg/L,去除率可达76.45%。该法大大减少了运行费用,是一种有效的造纸废水深度处理方法。     

微电解—芬顿氧化工艺预处理高浓度松香改性酚醛树脂生产废水

为了降低松香改性酚醛树脂生产废水的COD并改善其可生化性,采用微电解—芬顿氧化工艺对该废水进行预处理。研究了pH、微电解反应时间、曝气、双氧水投加量等对微电解和芬顿氧化处理效果的影响,考察了COD去除率和BOD₅/COD值的变化趋势。实验结果表明：曝气条件下,调节废水pH为4、进行2次微电解、微电解反应时间各2.0 h时,废水的COD去除率为38%,BOD₅/COD值提高为0.18;再投加7.5%（w）的双氧水,废水的COD去除率为65.3%,BOD₅/COD值为0.37。采用微电解—芬顿氧化的预处理工艺,不仅有效去除了废水的COD,而且显著改善了废水的可生化性。     

粉末活性炭法去除焦化废水中的COD

研究比较了粉末活性炭和柱状活性炭对焦化废水COD的去除效率,重点研究了粉末活性炭不同粒径和投加量等因素对COD去除效率的影响.结果表明,与柱状活性炭相比,粉末活性炭对COD去除率有明显提高,COD的去除率可高达98.5%;同时,粉末活性炭对COD的去除率受其粒径大小、曝气与否及投加量等因素的影响.     

改性粉煤灰吸附-高级氧化法处理奥里油废水

将氯化铁改性粉煤灰（简称改性粉煤灰）吸附处理与高级氧化和生物处理等技术进行优化组合，以期得到简便而有效的处理奥里油废水（简称废水）的组合工艺。研究结果表明：在废水COD平均为4600mg／L、改性粉煤灰加入量为50g／L、废水pH为7～9、吸附时间为1h的条件下，COD去除率达30％。采用“改性粉煤灰一次吸附-湿式均相催化氧化-厌氧生物过程-改性粉煤灰二次吸附”组合工艺处理废水时，改性粉煤灰不但具有较好的预处理效果，且还有较好的后处理能力；湿式均相催化氧化的催化剂用量少（Cu（NO3）2为2．0g／L）、操作条件温和（2．5MPa，180℃，pH5—7，1h）；厌氧生物过程中不需特殊筛选的菌种，易操作控制；经该组合工艺处理后，废水COD从4600mg／L降至55mg／L，COD去除率为98．4％，达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》的一级排放标准。     

亚铁活化过硫酸钠氧化预处理电镀废水

针对电镀生产过程产生的难降解、高浓度的有机废水,采用Fe~(2+)活化过硫酸钠产生硫酸根自由基的高级氧化技术对其进行预处理。重点探讨了S_2O_8~(2-)投加量、n(Fe~(2+))∶n(S_2O_8~(2-))、废水pH等因素对有机物去除及废水可生化性的影响。实验结果表明,常温下,在S_2O_8~(2-)投加量为4.0 g/L、n(Fe~(2+))∶n(S_2O_8~(2-))为1.00、废水pH为7.0的条件下,废水的处理效果最佳,反应20 min后COD去除率可达70%,BOD_5/COD从原水的0.21升至0.40,废水的可生化性大幅提高,能够满足深度生化处理的要求。     

改性粉煤灰混凝剂处理工业混合废水的试验研究

通过混合酸、氯化钠制备改性粉煤灰混凝剂,探讨粉煤灰粒度、酸用量、加热时间、反应温度等对废水处理效果的影响,得出制备混凝剂最佳工艺方案。通过正交试验,用最佳混凝剂处理工业混合废水,找出混凝剂投量、废水pH值、搅拌时间及静置时间等最佳参数,探索一条以废治废的可行方法。     

用络合萃取法对磺酸型有机废水进行预处理的研究

采用络合萃取法对磺酸型有机废水进行预处理，研究了萃取过程中废水ＰＨ、萃取睡稀释凤加量对废水萃取效果的影响。实验结果表明，当ＰＨ为１．０时，萃取剂和稀释剂按废水；萃取剂；稀释剂＝１００：１０：２５的投加，可取得较好的效果。萃取后的络合相经碱解分离即可回收萃取剂，萃取剂循环使用１０次，废水的ＣＯＤ去除率无下降趋势。     

粉煤灰活性污泥法试验研究

以印染废水为处理对象,研究了粉煤灰活性污泥法(FAT法)的作用、处理效果和机理。试验结果表明,投加粉煤灰0.5克/升,脱色率提高20％,继续增加投加量效果会更好,一般粉煤灰投加量0.5—3.0克/升为宜。粉煤灰还可有效地改善活性污泥的沉降性能,克服污泥膨胀。MLSS1400毫克/升的活性污泥中投加3克/升粉煤灰,沉降速度SV_(30)从85下降到35,污泥容积指数SVI从600下降到75。显微镜观察证明粉煤灰的作用是物理作用。     

废铁屑—H2O2法处理炼油厂含酚废水

用废铁屑作催化剂，Ｈ２Ｏ２作氧化剂，对炼厂汽提后含硫废水进行了除酚试验研究，考察了初始ＰＨ、Ｈ２Ｏ２投加量、废铁屑投加量对酚去除率的影响。对含酚量为３３１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的废水，将其初始ＰＨ调至７．２，３０％Ｈ２Ｏ２的投加量为７．５ｍＬ／Ｌ，废铁屑的投加量为３－８ｇ／Ｌ，经２ｈ反应后，酚的脱除率可达９９．９％。     

建筑涂料生产废水的处理技术

采用混凝沉淀-芬顿试剂催化氧化-活性炭吸附工艺对建筑涂料生产废水的处理进行了研究。用硫酸铝作混凝剂,投加量为500mg/L:芬顿试剂法处理的废水pH为6.0,H2O2/COD值为4.0,FeSO4投加量为1540mg/L,氧化反应时间大于4h;活性炭投加量为0.2g/L时,处理后出水COD小于100mg/L。     

粉煤灰的改性及对刚果红的吸附

分别采用沸水浸泡、酸浸、碱浸和加热的方法对粉煤灰进行改性处理，利用FTIR仪和XRD仪对改性粉煤灰的成分和官能团进行了分析，并利用改性粉煤灰对模拟刚果红废水进行脱色。实验结果表明：碱改性粉煤灰中含有大量官能团，以及NaPl型沸石类物质，能够明显提高粉煤灰对刚果红的吸附性能；与活性炭相比，碱改性粉煤灰具有更高的性价比；在初始刚果红质量浓度为20mg/L、碱改性粉煤灰加入量为50g/L的条件下，废水的脱色率可达87.52%；碱改性粉煤灰对刚果红的吸附过程遵循二级反应动力学，较好地符合Langmuir等温式和Freundlich等温式。     

粉煤灰的改性、成型及深度除磷应用

选择合适的改性剂对粉煤灰进行改性，通过有机高分子交联方法对改性粉煤灰进行成型处理，并采用静态吸附法评价改性粉煤灰的深度除磷效果。采用1 g氢氧化铝改性粉煤灰处理100 mL磷质量浓度为10.0 mg/L的模拟废水，磷去除率可达99.70％，处理后模拟废水中磷质量浓度低于0.50 mg/L， 达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》。成型处理可提高粉煤灰的沉降速率，改善灰水分离效果。经超声再生后的成型氢氧化铝改性粉煤灰的磷去除率仍可达67.9％。     

铝灰酸溶法制备聚合氯化铝

以铝灰为原料采用酸溶法制备了聚合氯化铝（PAC），并通过正交实验优化了PAC制备的最佳工艺参数，并考察了自制PAC对废水COD的去除效果。制备PAC的最佳工艺条件为：m（铝灰）∶V（HCl）∶V（H₂O）=10∶20∶40，反应温度85℃，反应时间2.5h，搅拌转速80r/min，熟化时间30h，熟化温度60℃。采用生石灰可高效、经济地调节产品的盐基度，且产品在处理印染废水时COD去除率达64.7%，高于市售同类产品。     

免烧结粉煤灰陶粒BAF对乙烯化工废水的深度处理效果

以粉煤灰为主要原料制备了免烧结粉煤灰陶粒，并将其作为曝气生物滤池(BAF)的填料用于深度处理乙烯化工厂二级生化出水。实验结果表明，在平均进水COD为54.62mg/L、平均SS为33.93mg/L、平均ρ(NH3-N)为1.33mg/L的条件下，自制免烧结粉煤灰陶粒BAF平均COD去除率为57.14%，平均SS去除率为68.64%，平均NH3-N去除率为74.89%，均略高于普通商业陶粒BAF。自制免烧结粉煤灰陶粒BAF最佳反冲洗周期为2d，并具有反冲洗耗水量小、反冲洗效果好的优势。     

碱激发粉煤灰对Cs~+的吸附行为

将粉煤灰进行碱激发改性,运用XRD和SEM技术对碱激发粉煤灰进行了表征,通过静态平衡吸附实验研究了碱激发粉煤灰对Cs+的吸附动力学和热力学特性,并对吸附前后的碱激发粉煤灰进行了FTIR分析。表征结果显示,碱激发处理后,粉煤灰的晶相发生了改变,且粉煤灰表面密实的硬壳层被破坏。实验结果表明:在初始Cs+质量浓度为200 mg/L、吸附温度为25℃、溶液pH为10、碱激发粉煤灰投加量为12.0 g/L的条件下,碱激发粉煤灰对Cs+的平衡吸附率可达80%以上,其吸附能力比碱激发前提高了3倍以上;吸附过程可用准二阶动力学方程来描述,并较好地符合Langmuir等温吸附模型;碱激发粉煤灰对Cs+的吸附是吸热过程,且能自发进行;该过程以物理吸附为主,并伴随化学吸附。     

粉煤灰基吸附剂对模拟废水中Cd2+的吸附性能

以粉煤灰为原料、Na2CO3为助熔剂,采用盐熔融—水浴结晶法制备粉煤灰基吸附剂。探讨了吸附剂的最佳制备条件及其对模拟废水中Cd2+的最佳吸附条件、吸附动力学和吸附机理。实验结果表明:制备吸附剂的最佳工艺条件为m(粉煤灰)∶m(Na2CO3)为1∶2,焙烧温度为450℃;采用最佳制备工艺条件下制备的吸附剂(记作2-450℃-FA吸附剂),在初始Cd2+质量浓度为300 mg/L、初始溶液pH为7.7、振荡时间为120 min的条件下,对模拟废水中Cd2+的去除率为98.0%。2-450℃-FA吸附剂对Cd2+的吸附主要受颗粒内扩散控制,吸附过程可用准二级吸附动力学方程很好地描述。Ea为77.22 kJ/mol,吸附过程主要为化学吸附。     

Comparison of leaching characteristics of heavy metals from bottom and fly ashes in Korea and Japan

The objective of this research was to compare the leaching characteristics of heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, etc., in Korean and Japanese municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash. The rate of leaching of heavy metal was measured by KSLT and JTL-13, and the amount of heavy metals leached was compared with the metal content in each waste component. Finally, bio-availability testing was performed to assess the risks associated with heavy metals leached from bottom ash and fly ash. From the results, the value of neutralization ability in Japanese fly ash was four times higher than that in Korean fly ash. The reason was the difference in the content of Ca(OH)(2) in fly ash. The amount of lead leached exceeded the regulatory level in both Japanese and Korean fly ash. The rate of leaching was relatively low in ash with a pH in the range of 6-10. The bio-availability test in fly ash demonstrated that the amount of heavy metals leached was Pb>Cd>Cr, but the order was changed to Pb>Cr>Cd in the bottom ash. The leaching concentration of lead exceeded the Japanese risk level in all fly ashes from the two countries, but the leaching concentration of cadmium exceeded the regulatory level in Korean fly ash only.     

Evaluation of bioaccessible arsenic in fly ash by an in vitro method and influence of particle-size fraction on arsenic distribution

A huge amount of fly ash is produced by coal-fired power plants every year in China and leads to increasing environmental problems associated with disposal and treatment. It will be very helpful for the study of management and disposal of solid waste to understand the bioaccessibility and environmental behaviors of arsenic in fly ash. In this paper, an in vitro physiologically-based extraction test was applied to estimate the solubility and bioaccessibility of arsenic in fly ash in the human gastrointestinal tract. The fly ash samples were sieved into different fractions with different particle sizes (100–60, 60–10, 10–2.5, <2.5 μm). The influence of particle size on both total and bioaccessible arsenic was also investigated. The results demonstrated that arsenic concentrations in fly ash were significantly correlated with particle size. The proportion of bioaccessible arsenic (gastric and intestinal arsenic) accounting for the total arsenic was in the range of 36–67 %. The statistic analysis indicated that total arsenic in fly ash was linearly correlated with bioaccessible arsenic. The results illustrated that bioaccessible arsenic was dominated by total arsenic.     

Removal of unburned carbon from municipal solid waste fly ash by column flotation

Unburned carbon (UC) is the major source of organic contaminants in municipal solid waste (MSW) fly ash. So most organic contaminants can be removed by the removal of the UC from the MSW fly ash. In this paper, we first used a technique of column flotation to remove UC from MSW fly ash. The influences of column flotation parameters on the recovery efficiency of UC were systematically studied. It was found that the UC recovery efficiency was greatly influenced by the gas flow rate, pH value, collector kerosene's concentration and the types of fly ash. By optimizing the above parameters, we have successfully removed 61.2% of the UC from MSW fly ash having 5.24% UC content. The removal mechanism was well accounted for the kinetic theory of column flotation and surface-chemistry theory. The results indicate that the column flotation technique is effective in removing the UC from MSW fly ash, and show that there is a strong possibility for practical application of this technique in removing the organic contaminants from MSW fly ash.