Insights on the solubilization products after combined alkaline and ultrasonic pre-treatment of sewage sludge

This work provides insights on the solubilization products after a simultaneous combination of alkaline and ultrasonic (ALK + ULS) pre-treatment of sewage sludge. Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) increased from 1200 to 11,000 mg/L after such treatment. Organics with molecular weight around 5.6 kDa were solubilized because of the synergistic effect of ultrasound and alkali. Organics with molecular weight larger than 300 kDa increased from 7.8% to 60%, 16% and 42.3% after ULS, ALK and ALK + ULS treatment, respectively. Excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis identified soluble microbial product-like and humic acid-like matters as the main solubilization products. Sludge anaerobic biodegradability was significantly enhanced with the simultaneous application of ALK + ULS pre-treatment. ALK + ULS pre-treatment resulted in 37.8% biodegradability increase compared to the untreated sludge. This value was higher compared to the biodegradability increase induced by individual ALK pre-treatment (5.7%) or individual ULS pre-treatment (20.7%) under the same conditions applied.     

Insights on the solubilization products after combined alkaline and ultrasonic pre-treatment of sewage sludge

This work provides insights on the solubilization products after a simultaneous combination of alkaline and ultrasonic (ALK + ULS) pre-treatment of sewage sludge. Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) increased from 1200 to 11,000 mg/L after such treatment. Organics with molecular weight around 5.6 kDa were solubilized because of the synergistic effect of ultrasound and alkali. Organics with molecular weight larger than 300 kDa increased from 7.8% to 60%, 16% and 42.3% after ULS, ALK and ALK + ULS treatment, respectively. Excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis identified soluble microbial product-like and humic acid-like matters as the main solubilization products. Sludge anaerobic biodegradability was significantly enhanced with the simultaneous application of ALK + ULS pre-treatment. ALK + ULS pre-treatment resulted in 37.8% biodegradability increase compared to the untreated sludge. This value was higher compared to the biodegradability increase induced by individual ALK pre-treatment (5.7%) or individual ULS pre-treatment (20.7%) under the same conditions applied.     

Impact of ozone assisted ultrasonication pre-treatment on anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge

Impact of ultrasonication(ULS) and ultrasonication–ozonation(ULS-Ozone) pre-treatment on the anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge was investigated with semi-continuous anaerobic reactors at solid retention time(SRT) of 10 and 20 days. The control, ULS and ULS-Ozone reactors produced 256, 309 and 348 m L biogas/g CODfedand the volatile solid(VS) removals were 35.6%, 38.3% and 42.1%, respectively at SRT of 10 days. At SRT of20 days, the biogas yields reached 313, 337 and 393 m L biogas/g CODfedand the VS removal rates were 37.3%, 40.9% and 45.3% in the control, ULS and ULS-Ozone reactors, respectively.ULS-Ozone pre-treatment increased the residual organic amount in the digested sludge.These soluble residual organics were found to contain macromolecules with molecular weights(MW) larger than 500 k Da and smaller polymeric products with MW around 19.4and 7.7 k Da. These compounds were further characterized to be humic acid-like substances with fluorescent spectroscopy analysis.     

Effect of nitrite on hydrolysis-acidification, biogas production and microbial community in semi-continuous two-phase anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge

Previous study found that the pre-treatment of sewage sludge with nitrite improves the biogas production during the mono/two-phase anaerobic digestion (AD) using batch biochemical methane potential tests. In this study, the effects of nitrite on hydrolysis-acidification, biogas production, volatile solids destruction and microbial composition in semi-continuous two-phase AD of sewage sludge were investigated. The addition of nitrite promotes sludge organic matter solubilization (+484%) and VFAs production (+98.9%), and causes an increase in the VS degradation rate during the AD process (+8.7%). The comparison of biogas production from the acidogenic and methanogenic reactors with or without the addition of nitrite implies that the nitrite has no significant effect on the overall biogas production of two-phase sludge AD process. High-throughput sequencing analysis shows that the microbial communities of bacteria and archaea in two-phase AD reactors significantly changes after the addition of nitrite. Vulcanibacillus (bacteria) and Candidatus Methanofastidiosum (archaea) become the dominant genera in the acidogenic and methanogenic reactors with the nitrite respectively. These findings provide new insights about using nitrite to promote the organic matter degradation of sewage sludge in a semi-continuous two-phase AD system.     

Nitrite pre-treatment of dewatered sludge for microbial fuel cell application

The effect of pre-treatment of dewatered sludge using different nitrite concentrations and pH for microbial fuel cell (MFC) application was investigated. The results show that the addition of nitrite was feasible to increase the solubilization rate of the sludge and may reduce mass transfer limitation at the anode. This helped the MFC to reach higher voltage and to generate more power. The higher free nitrous acid (FNA) concentration under the acidic condition helped to increase sludge solubilization. However, under an alkaline condition, during which the FNA concentration was relatively low, the solubilization of the sludge was higher. The highest voltage and power density produced was 390?mV and 153?mW/m², respectively, with the addition of nitrite at 100?mg-N/L and pH?9. Furthermore, it was found that elevated levels of FNA could inhibit electrogenic bacteria thus reducing power generation.     

中高分子量聚丙烯酰胺对污泥厌氧消化的影响

市政污水处理厂剩余污泥通常通过脱水和进一步厌氧消化实现减量和资源化。阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(cPAM)是脱水过程中常用的絮凝剂,其对后续厌氧消化性能的影响研究仍不深入。研究发现:中高分子量cPAM会抑制厌氧消化过程中有机质的溶出与水解、产酸和产甲烷效率;且中分子量的cPAM抑制效果更强。添加中分子量cPAM的溶解性蛋白质、多糖和短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的最高产量比对照组分别降低了22.3%、28.4%和38.6%,添加高分子量cPAM的实验组则分别降低了7.4%、19.4%和25.9%;相应地,添加中、高分子量cPAM污泥的30 d甲烷累积产量为(40.4±1.4),(49.8±1.3) mL CH₄/g VSS,比对照组的(61.0±1.4) mL CH₄/g VSS分别降低了33.7%、18.3%。由此建议剩余污泥脱水过程中,要综合考虑cPAM添加量和分子量对后续厌氧消化性能的影响,以达到效益最佳。     

蒽醌类物质经多相类芬顿预处理前后对活性污泥特性的影响

以活性艳蓝与大黄酸为蒽醌类目标污染物,分析了其经多相类芬顿预处理前后的可生化性及对活性污泥胞外聚合物、胞内物质、脱氢酶活性、脲酶活性、微生物群落的影响.Zahn-Wellens试验表明,活性艳蓝与大黄酸不能被活性污泥有效降解,而经过多相类芬顿预处理后,其呼吸曲线均在内源呼吸线以上,去除率分别达到了84.44%和86.72%.加入蒽醌类污染物后,活性污泥胞外聚合物的三维荧光光谱中,酪氨酸蛋白的吸收峰强度降低,胞内物质的红外光谱中氨基峰变宽;而经多相类芬顿预处理后,对活性污泥特性的影响不明显.加入活性艳蓝与大黄酸后,活性污泥脲酶相对活性仍保持在80%以上,但脱氢酶活性出现了降低,特别是加入大黄酸后,相对活性仅为67.5%左右.同时活性污泥的微生物群落发生了变化,Gram Positive分别由原来的40.15%增大到了47.72%和45.78%,而Gram Negative分别由原来的39.57%减少到37%和37.15%.但加入预处理后的蒽醌类污染物,未对活性污泥的微生物群落造成明显影响.     

化学合成聚3-羟基丁酸酯薄膜的生物降解性

利用土壤埋藏,海水降解,活性污泥及高等真菌降解实验对化学法合成的聚３－羟基丁酯,薄膜进行了生物降解性研究。结果表明,降解ＰＨＢ薄膜的微生分布比较广泛;     

SBR生物反应器出水溶解态有机物性质特点研究

研究中考察了SBR生物反应器处理实际生活污水过程中,反应器内部溶解性有机物的变化情况,重点分析了污泥龄对于SBR反应器出水溶解态有机物性质特点的影响.研究结果表明,生物降解过程中,以分子量650Da、1700Da和2000Da为代表的腐殖质类有机物逐渐积累,小分子量有机物(<200Da)逐渐转化为具有中间分子量(500...     

过氧化钙预处理对活性污泥脱水性能的影响机制

本研究采用过氧化钙对活性污泥进行预处理,深入分析了调理过程中污泥过滤脱水性能、絮体结构以及反应动力学的变化特性,探讨了亚铁离子协同过氧化钙处理对污泥特性的影响.结果表明,经过CaO_2处理后,污泥的过滤脱水性能先改善后恶化,当投加量(以TSS计)为20 mg·g~(-1)时,污泥的过滤脱水效果达到最佳.同时,污泥絮体结构变得疏松破碎,其上清液有机物浓度出现了明显的上升,污泥得到了有效裂解.污泥溶解反应过程遵循零级反应动力学模型,反应速率常数为15.2mg·L~(-1)·h~(-1).此外,亚铁离子和CaO_2协同处理可以进一步强化污泥中大分子有机物的裂解释放,同时,反应过程中形成铁离子的絮凝作用可以实现污泥絮体结构的重建,从而改善污泥过滤脱水性能.该研究成果为CaO_2及其联用处理技术在污泥处理过程中的应用提供了必要的理论依据.     

污泥碱解和超声破解预处理的效果研究

为提高污水厂污泥的厌氧消化速率,采用多频率多功率槽式超声发生器,研究了超声波、碱解、以及两者的组合作用对污泥破解预处理效果的影响.结果表明,碱和超声波的组合预处理方式,对污泥溶解性COD的释放效果和VSS减少效果明显优于单独的超声波和单独的碱处理.单独超声预处理,污泥VSS的最大减少率为15.98%;单独碱解(NaOH/TS=0.04)时为22.12%;先碱解(NaOH/TS:0.04,24 h),再超声(60 min)以及碱(NaOH/TS=0.04)和超声(60 min)同时作用的预处理方式,可将污泥VSS减少率分别提高到51.45%和54.45%.破解作用引起污泥的水解分为快速水解和缓慢水解2个阶段,对快速水解阶段进行动力学分析可知,同时采用碱和超声的预处理方式不但可以获得最高的水解速率,而且降低了碱的投加量,缩短了超声破解的时间.     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌生物浸出污泥中的重金属离子

为研究氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,At. f)对污泥中重金属的浸出机制,进行了空白、直接浸出(At. f)、加亚铁浸出(At. f +Fe2+)、加亚铁和硫酸浸出(At. f+Fe2++H2SO4)4组生物淋滤实验,分析淋滤前后污泥的成分和物相变化.结果表明加亚铁和硫酸浸出淋滤后Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb和Cr的去除率可分别达到90.8%、100%、87.5%、51.6%和83.3%,高于其他3种体系;定量计算和动力学拟合结果表明,5种金属在直接-间接(加亚铁)浸出中的质量含量和速率常数(k)均高于直接浸出.EDS和XRD证实污泥浸出前后样品组分主要是C(26.2%~37.5%)、O(32.5%~45.7%)和一些无机化合物(如铝盐和SiO2),生物淋滤后会造成营养元素(P和Ca)的部分流失.此外,ICP-MS分析表明其他金属(如Cd、Fe、Mn)也能同时被溶出.基于结果分析,提出FeSO4·7H2O和H2SO4的加入有助于生物淋滤系统的启动,其中Cu、Pb、Cr和Ni主要以间接浸出为主,而Zn是直接和间接浸出共同作用.     

工程化阴燃技术治理含油污泥工程示范

工程化阴燃技术是一种针对难降解、难治理重质(低挥发性)油泥或石油烃污染土壤等重度有机污染介质, 基于阴燃机理的自持主动修复技术,其在国内的研发、实践还处于早期阶段。湖北某焦化厂存量含油污泥的治理工程是工程化阴燃技术用于油泥治理在国内的首演。通过现场中试确定了油泥预处理方法、药剂配比和阴燃治理工艺条件。工程示范分为2步:第1步为预处理阶段,采用"化学调质+板框压滤"工艺对含油污泥进行脱水、减量;第2步为治理阶段,采用4台工程化异位阴燃反应装置执行。含油污泥的含水率经预处理后降至50%左右,经阴燃治理后的油泥总量减少90%,目标污染物去除率达到98%以上,满足项目验收指标。     

复合硫杆菌生物浸出污泥中重金属的效果及与pH和ORP的关系

利用复合嗜酸性硫杆菌(氧化硫硫杆菌和氧化亚铁硫杆菌)在不同接种量下(5%,10%,20%)对城市污泥进行生物沥浸,探讨了沥浸过程中不同重金属的浸出效果及其与pH值和氧化还原电位(ORP)的相关关系.结果表明,该方法能有效地浸出污泥中的重金属,生物沥浸处理10d后.污泥中Cu、Zn和Ni的浸出率可分别达到98%、99%和90%,硫杆菌接种量越大,沥浸反应速率越快,20%接种处理10%接种处理5%接种处理未接种处理.污泥生物沥浸过程中pH的下降和ORP的上升,是促进污泥重金属溶出的主要驱动力,但其中Cu的浸出同时受pH下降和ORP上升的双重影响,而zn和Ni的浸出则主要受pH影响.污泥中Cu、Zn和Ni开始大幅度浸出的pH阈值大约为4、5和5左右.研究还发现,生物沥浸处理虽可使污泥中有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量有所下降,但并不影响其农业利用价值.     

冻结熔融法对大豆类食品污水污泥脱水性能的影响及应用研究

在试验研究的基础上 ,确定冻结时间和污水污泥的浓度对污泥粒径、沉降性及过滤性能的影响 ,明确用冻结熔融法对污水污泥进行处理的适宜条件。研究表明 ,冻结熔融法能够使污泥粒子粗大化 ,显著提高污泥的沉降性和过滤性能 ;浓缩后的污泥所需的冻结时间更短 ,过滤性能优于化学调节法 ,且冻结熔融法不需要添加混凝剂 ,不会增加泥饼重量 ;经冻结熔融法预处理的腐乳污水污泥机械脱水后 ,可获得含水率为 6 0 %的泥饼 ,较化学调解法下降 18% ,污泥体积下降 30 % ,在促进大豆类污水污泥的资源化回收与利用 ,有着重要的意义     

高铁酸钾破解剩余污泥的水解效能分析

为了有效提高污泥水解效率、缩短厌氧消化时间,以K₂FeO₄为氧化剂破解剩余污泥,考察K₂FeO₄投加量（50~500 g/kg,以干质量计）对污泥破解率的影响,分析水解液各项特征指标并对其可生化性能进行预测,探究该方法作为污泥厌氧预处理的可行性.结果表明:污泥水解效率随着K₂FeO₄投加量的增加而升高,当搅拌速率为500 r/min、反应时间为2 h、K₂FeO₄投加量为500 g/kg的条件下,可实现最高的污泥破解率（34.6%）.污泥水解液中有机物以多糖、蛋白质为主,并有少量挥发性有机酸;污泥破解过程也伴随着P和NH₄+-N的释放,上清液中ρ（TP）最高可达496 mg/L,且以正磷酸盐为主（约310 mg/L）,可对其进行回收.采用三维荧光体积积分的方法对污泥水解液的可生化性能进行预测,发现污泥经K₂FeO₄预处理后,水解液中RB（易降解有机质）和PB（难降解有机质）荧光强度均明显增加,当K₂FeO₄投加量为50 g/kg时,F_digestion（生物可降解性指数）达到最大值（4.75）,预测此时污泥的可生化性能最佳.以K₂FeO₄为氧化剂预处理污泥可有效提升污泥水解效率,但若作为厌氧消化预处理,应综合考虑污泥破解率和可生化性能.研究显示,搅拌速率为500 r/min、反应时间为2 h、K₂FeO₄投加量为50 g/kg预处理条件下污泥的可生化性能最佳.      

四氢呋喃废水的降解特性

对医药及化工生产中含四氢呋喃废水近年来的大量出现,研究了四氢呋喃废水的生物降解特性。结果表明:厌氧单基质条件下,四氢呋喃对厌氧消化产生轻微的抑制作用,浓度达到200mg/L时,厌氧微生物受到明显抑制,产气量急剧减少。厌氧共基质条件下,四氢呋喃浓度的增加反而有利于四氢呋喃的降解。四氢呋喃废水BOD5/COD为0.096,属好氧难降解污染物质,但其对好氧微生物无抑制,其原因在于四氢呋喃具有强的挥发性,曝气吹脱12h时COD去除率高达84%。     

Effect of substrate concentration on the bioleaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge

IntroductionTheproductionofexcesssewagesludgeisincreasingrapidlywiththewidespreadofwastewatertreatment,whichcausesseriousproblemtothedisposalofsewagesludge .Landapplicationofsewagesludgeisthemostcost effectiveandfeasibleutilizationapproachatpresent.Howeve…     

超声联合低温热水解促进剩余污泥破解和厌氧消化的研究

为了探索超声和低温热水解预处理技术对剩余污泥厌氧消化性能的影响,进行了单独超声、单独热水解和二者联合的实验研究.以温度和超声能量为控制参数,研究了不同预处理技术对污泥破解度DD（Disintegration degree of SCOD）和有机质溶出的影响.结果表明：联合预处理技术对DD和有机质浓度的增加效果比超声和热水解单独作用之和分别高4.04%、36.62mg/L. DD和实际输入能量之间存在较高的线性相关性（R²=0.977）,即在本研究条件下,输入能量越高,污泥破解效果越好.超声和热水解联合预处理后污泥厌氧消化产甲烷量较原泥增加了30.2%～55.4%.DD和厌氧消化性能之间存在二次非线性关系（R²=0.821）,且厌氧消化性能最高达到877.76LCH₄/kg VSS去除,该峰值出现在超声能量12000kJ/kg TS和热水解温度80℃联合作用条件下.     

外加碳源的活性污泥合成生物降解塑料PHAs的试验

聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHAs)是许多污泥微生物在不平衡生长条件下合成的细胞内能量和碳源储藏性物质,是一种新型的可完全生物降解的热塑性塑料.以污泥微生物作为PHAs的合成菌,采用乙酸钠、丙酸钠及丁酸钠作为单一碳源在好氧条件下合成得到占污泥干重5.58%、3.90%及4.98%的PHAs和在厌氧条件下合成得到占污泥干重12.32%、9.55%及11.35%的PHAs.实验表明,污泥微生物里广泛存在PHAs合成菌,厌氧条件比好氧条件的PHAs产率要高;最佳的实验条件下得到PHAs的量占污泥干重的12.32%,此时碳源转化率为30.65 %.此外,1HNMR谱图证明了同一污泥微生物用不同的碳源培养PHAs时其产物结构与组成均有变化.