高铁酸钠电化学合成条件的研究

利用含铁材料为阳极，铜为阴极，NaOH溶液为电解液，于隔膜电解槽中电解制备高铁酸钠。探索了该工艺所必需的各种参数和反应条件，确定了隔膜材料，并对Na2FeO4浓度和电流效率的非一致性变化作出了解释。研究结果表明：在阳极距离为1．3cm（极距2．3cm）、阳极电解液浓度为14mol／L，阴极电解液浓度为4mol／L、温度为35℃、电压为8～9V时，电解2h后得到的Na2FeO4浓度为18．7g／L，电流效率为20％。     

焦化厂生化出水电解脱色工艺及其机理的初步研究

针对焦化废水经萃取(蒸氨)脱酚和生化处理后的出水水质的特点,研究用铝板作为电极电解该废水的脱色效果,研究了废水pH、电解槽电压、时间等因素对其色度去除率的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为:pH=4、电解槽电压=10V、时间=30min,此时色度去除率可达93.6%,COD的去除率也可以达到61.78%。采用GCMS分析了电解前后废水中的有机物成分,探讨了形成高色度水质的原因、有机物的去除及脱色机理。     

焦化厂生化出水电解脱色工艺及其机理的初步研究

针对焦化废水经萃取（蒸氨）脱酚和生化处理后的出水水质的特点，研究用铝板作为电极电解该废水的脱色效果，研究了废水pH、电解槽电压、时间等因素对其色度去除率的影响。结果表明，最佳工艺参数为：pH=4、电解槽电压=10V、时间=30min，此时色度去除率可达93．6％，COD的去除率也可以达到61．78％。采用GC—MS分析了电解前后废水中的有机物成分，探讨了形成高色度水质的原因、有机物的去除及脱色机理。     

电凝聚法去除地热水中氟的研究

研究了电凝聚法对模拟高含氟地热水的除氟。结果表明，电凝聚法对地热水的除氟可控并能获得理想除氟效果。最佳工艺条件为：进水ｐＨ值５．５￣６．０，电解电流密度约１５Ａ／ｍ＾２，电解槽停留时间４￣５ｍｉｎ，倒极时间５￣１０ｍｉｎ。     

三维电极-好氧生物法联合处理酸性染料废水模拟研究

采用电解-好氧生物法联合处理酸性大红G模拟废水,三维电解反应器填料为活性炭与玻璃珠混合物,平板电极材料为石墨,通过正交实验确定的最佳实验条件为：电解时间150min,活性炭／玻璃珠体积比为2：1,槽电压20V、pH为5、Na2SO4投加量1．5g／L,进水初始浓度2000mg／L。此时COD去除率及色度去除率分别可达49．78％和81．45％,废水BOD,／COD由0．12提高到0．42。电解后的废水采用生物接触氧化法处理12h后,出水COD为48mg／L,色度120倍,达到综合污水排放二级标准。     

电化学法生成Fenton试剂及其在工业染料废水降解脱色中的应用

以多孔石墨电极为阴极 ,电解时在阴极通以氧气或空气 ,电解生成的过氧化氢与阳极溶解的Fe2 +进行随后化学反应 ,现场生成羟基自由基 (Fenton试剂 ) ,进而对有机染整工业废水进行降解脱色反应。以可见光吸收谱图表征了工业染料废水经电解槽处理后吸光度的变化 ,以重铬酸钾法测试染料处理后的COD。实验结果表明 ,COD的去除率大于 80 % ,染料的脱色率达 1 0 0 % ,若将电解电流密度控制在 1 0mA/cm2 以下 ,槽电压可控制在 5V以内。实验结果表明 ,向阴极多孔石墨电极中通入空气与通入氧气的效果一致。     

电解氧化处理难降解垃圾渗滤液研究

采用连续式电解槽对垃圾渗滤液进行电解催化处理,考察极板间距、电流密度、电导率[Cl-]浓度对电解效果的影响.结果表明,当添加的[Cl-]6000 mg/L,在电解60 min时,对初始COD小于3000 mg/L的中等浓度渗滤液有较好的处理效果,COD和NH3-N的去除率分别达88.9%和97.3%,能耗为2.75 kwh/m3.为中试和工业设计应用提供了参考.     

铁炭微电解-Fenton试剂法预处理半焦废水

采用铁炭微电解／Fenton试剂法对半焦废水进行预处理,探索材料粒径、铁炭比、废水pH、H2O2用量以及反应时间对处理效果的影响。结果表明,在铁屑粒径为5～7mm,活性炭粒径为2～3mm,铁炭体积比为1：1,微电解反应90min,进水pH为8．0～9．0,H2O2投加量为4mL／L,Fenton试剂反应90min的条件下,半焦废水COD去除率可达55％以上,B／C由处理前的0．24提高到0．43,可生化性能良好,铁炭微电解／Fenton试剂法可作为半焦废水一种有效的预处理方式。     

废弃液晶显示器中铟的溴化法浸出研究

液晶显示器(LCD)是电视、电脑和手机等电子产品的重要部件,资源化回收所含的稀有金属铟具有重要意义。结果表明:(1)采用溴化法浸出LCD中的铟,在采用Br2、溴化钠及硫酸质量浓度分别为20、16、55.2g/L的溴水浸出剂、浸出时间3h、温度50℃的条件下,铟浸出率可达99.2%。(2)采用双极室阴离子膜电解槽电解回收Br2,当电解电压为1.8V、电解时间为300min时,采用四氯化碳对浸出液中未参加反应的Br2进行萃取回收,Br2的回收率为83.5%;电解阴极液中的Fe3+被还原为Fe2+以达到屏蔽目的,电解240min后Fe2+生成量达1 801mg/L,转化率为90.9%。(3)采用氢氧化钠沉淀法粗提取铟,当pH为4.78时,沉淀物的主要成分为In(OH)3,滤渣中In3+占总金属离子质量的47.9%,铟的回收率为94.8%。     

电极材料对电解法处理循环式准好氧垃圾填埋场渗滤液效果的影响研究

分别用3种不同材料电极（不锈钢、Ti／Pt和Ti／RuO2-IrO2）作阳极、石墨电极作阴极在同一条件下分别对循环式准好氧填埋垃圾场渗滤液进行电解处理对比研究。研究结果表明，随着电解时间的变化，渗滤液中的COD、BOD5、BOD5／COD、重金属离子浓度、色度和pH值均会发生改变。当电解时间为10—20min时，用上述3种电极作阳极电解均会出现渗滤液COD、BOD5、BOD5／COD增大的现象；当电解时间为30—40min时，用Ti／RuO2-IrO2或Ti／Pt电极作阳极电解均可使渗滤液的色度降为0；当电解时间为120min时，分别用3种电极作阳极电解都可使渗滤液中的COD、BOD5和重金属得到有效的去除，其中用Ti／RuO2-IrO2电极作阳极电解对COD、BOD5的去除效果最好：用Ti／Pt电极作阳极电解对Pb^2＋的去除效果最好。     

发酵产氢的动力学模型

发酵产氢已经建立和应用了一些动力学模型.对描述批次发酵产氢过程的动力学模型,描述各种因子对其影响的动力学模型,以及探讨基质降解速率、产氢细菌(HPB)生长速率和产物形成速率关系的动力学模型进行了综述分析.分析表明,改进的Gompertz模型被广泛用于描述批次发酵产氢过程;Monod模型则广泛应用于描述基质浓度对基质降解...     

Analysis on production of bioethanol for hydrogen generation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Bioethanol is a renewable energy source carrier mainly produced from the biomass fermentation process. Reforming of bioethanol for hydrogen production...     

Optimized method for dissolved hydrogen sampling in groundwater

Dissolved hydrogen concentrations are used to characterize redox conditions of contaminated aquifers. The currently accepted and recommended bubble strip method for hydrogen sampling (Wiedemeier et al., 1998) requires relatively long sampling times and immediate field analysis. In this study we present methods for optimized sampling and for sample storage. The bubble strip sampling method was examined for various flow rates, bubble sizes (headspace volume in the sampling bulb) and two different H2 concentrations. The results were compared to a theoretical equilibration model. Turbulent flow in the sampling bulb was optimized for gas transfer by reducing the inlet diameter. Extraction with a 5 mL headspace volume and flow rates higher than 100 mL/min resulted in 95-100% equilibrium within 10-15 min. In order to investigate the storage of samples from the gas sampling bulb gas samples were kept in headspace vials for varying periods. Hydrogen samples (4.5 ppmv, corresponding to 3.5 nM in liquid phase) could be stored up to 48 h and 72 h with a recovery rate of 100.1+/-2.6% and 94.6+/-3.2%, respectively. These results are promising and prove the possibility of storage for 2-3 days before laboratory analysis. The optimized method was tested at a field site contaminated with chlorinated solvents. Duplicate gas samples were stored in headspace vials and analyzed after 24 h. Concentrations were measured in the range of 2.5-8.0 nM corresponding to known concentrations in reduced aquifers.     

阴极电生H_2O_2及电-Fenton法降解甲基橙

对石墨-PTFE阴极的主要制作参数和在无隔膜系统中电生H2O2的主要工艺参数进行了研究。结果发现,石墨与PTFE的质量比为4∶1~3∶1之间的石墨-PTFE阴极经350℃1 h煅烧后性能最好。采用磁力搅拌代替通常的氧气扩散和空气鼓泡等供氧方法,可简化系统的供氧设备,降低废水的处理成本,更易于放大和实施,且可充分利用阳极电生的氧气。石墨-PTFE阴极有较好的稳定性,重复使用10次之后,电生H2O2的活性没有下降。在由石墨-PTFE阴极和铁阳极组成的电-Fenton系统中对甲基橙溶液进行了降解,脱色效果显著。     

Ceria-doped SnO2 nanocubes for solar light–driven photocatalytic hydrogen production

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The photocatalytic generation of hydrogen via solar energy using metal oxide semiconductor catalysts is a clean and renewable process which has the...     

Quantification of joint effect for hydrogen bond and development of QSARs for predicting mixture toxicity

A QSAR model is successfully proposed to predict the toxicity effect on Photobacterium phosphoreum by nonpolar-narcotic-chemical mixtures and/or polar-narcotic-chemical mixtures. For nonpolar-narcotic-chemical mixtures and polar-narcotic-chemical mixtures, their corresponding hydrophobicity-based QSAR models are derived from regression analysis. Comparison of these two QSAR models make us believe that it is the joint effect of hydrogen bond in polar-narcotic-chemical mixture that leads to the difference between these two models. Such joint effect of hydrogen bond can be quantified as AMH and BMH by using the different partition coefficients of mixtures in various organic phase/water systems. And the regression analysis results convinced us that the introduction of AMH does improve the quality of the QSAR model with r2=0.948, S.E.=0.166 and F=745.201 at P=0.000 for total 84 mixtures.