矿井复采特殊性及相应安全技术措施

上京矿区井田地质构造复杂,开采过程容易丢煤。本文就矿井复采的安全管理进行了探讨,分析了煤层复采的特殊性,并在此基础上提出应采取的安全技术措施,以保证复采顺利进行,实现安全生产。     

矿井复采特殊性及相应安全技术措施

上京矿区井田地质构造复杂,开采过程容易丢煤.本文就矿井复采的安全管理进行了探讨,分析了煤层复采的特殊性,并在此基础上提出应采取的安全技术措施,以保证复采顺利进行,实现安全生产.     

如何搞好木材采运行业的安全生产工作

木材采运是一种条件艰苦、危险性大、事故发生频率较高的行业。在美国、瑞典、芬兰、日本等林业机械化程度较高的国家，木材采运的伤亡事故约占林业生产伤亡事故的60％～70％，有时甚至高达80％。在我国，木材采运企业的伤亡事故在林业生产中亦占相当大的比重。因此，如何加强采运行业的安全生产工作，预防和减少伤亡事故的发生已成为刻不容缓的大事。1存在的问题1．1木材生产的露天性、分散性。季节性和笨重性给安全管理造成困难由于生产区域广大，点多、线长、流动性强，作业条件受环境、气候的制约，作业场地山高、坡陡、沟壑纵横、地形…     

基于模糊层次法的炮采工作面安全性评价研究

在矿山炮采工作面安全性评价中引入模糊层次综合评判法,并以内蒙某露天煤矿炮采工作面为例,对其进行了综合分析评价.首先,应用德尔菲法分析了炮采工作面的安全影响因素;然后建立了包括“人、机、料、法、环”五个方面的安全评价指标体系,其中每个指标又包含数个二级指标,共计19个;最后,构建了基于模糊层次法的炮采工作面安全评价模型.研究表明,该方法可以解决指标多层次性与复杂性造成的评价结果的离散问题,提高评定结果可信度,较好的找出安全上的薄弱环节,从而可及时采取有针对性的措施解决存在的问题,具有很好的工程应用价值,对炮采工作面安全评价与管理是一种有效的方法.     

金牌

瓦检员金牌,调到五槽A采场打替班.他从头碴走到末碴,又从珂碴踅回来,测量了十几个点.     

穿层钻孔水力压裂强化抽采瓦斯消突技术应用研究

高瓦斯突出煤层预抽瓦斯消突是突出矿井煤巷掘进前的主要技术措施.由于我国煤矿煤层透气性低,原始煤层预抽瓦斯效果差,抽放时间长.为提高低透气性高瓦斯突出煤层的抽采瓦斯消突效果,在潘三煤矿1271(3)运顺进行了底板穿层钻孔水力压裂强化抽采瓦斯消突试验.介绍了穿层钻孔水力压裂抽采钻孔的布孔设计、压裂工艺及压裂增透抽采瓦斯消突效果.结果表明,水力压裂技术有效扩大了钻孔抽采瓦斯半径,提高了抽采瓦斯消突效果,解决了高突煤层煤巷掘进的突出威胁,提高了煤巷掘进速度.     

基于激光扫描和无人机倾斜摄影的露天采场安全监测应用

为解决露天采场安全监测中观测困难、效率低下等问题,结合引用三维激光扫描和无人机倾斜摄影等三维测量技术开展露天采场安全监测融合应用研究。通过应用研究表明:2类技术结合应用可实现露天采场生产环境信息完整三维数据采集;通过统一控制点坐标系和基于点云特征点的迭代最临近点配准算法（ICP）可有效融合2类点云数据,能构建高时效、高精度、高分辨率的采场三维点云模型;融合的三维模型能直观再现采场生产环境,多尺度精准监测安全隐患问题,有效辅助采场生产安全规划;该技术方案弥补了人工安全监测缺陷,提高了安全监测效率,可适用于矿山尾矿库、水电大坝等其他危险源安全监测应用。     

基于激光扫描和无人机倾斜摄影的露天采场安全监测应用北大核心CSCD

为解决露天采场安全监测中观测困难、效率低下等问题,结合引用三维激光扫描和无人机倾斜摄影等三维测量技术开展露天采场安全监测融合应用研究。通过应用研究表明:2类技术结合应用可实现露天采场生产环境信息完整三维数据采集;通过统一控制点坐标系和基于点云特征点的迭代最临近点配准算法(ICP)可有效融合2类点云数据,能构建高时效、高精度、高分辨率的采场三维点云模型;融合的三维模型能直观再现采场生产环境,多尺度精准监测安全隐患问题,有效辅助采场生产安全规划;该技术方案弥补了人工安全监测缺陷,提高了安全监测效率,可适用于矿山尾矿库、水电大坝等其他危险源安全监测应用。     

安全确认制能确保安全

河北邯邢矿山局周围分布着许多民采矿点,有的矿点为了和大矿争资源,乱采滥挖,越层越界和国有矿山巷道、采场打通,形成了"楼上楼下"双重作业,放炮互相干扰的现象时有发生.这不仅严重威胁着职工的生命安全,同时也给矿山的安全管理带来了极大的困难.     

生产安全与经济社会发展

我国生产安全的诸多问题在党中央和各级政府的高度重视和全社会的努力下,数十年采,我国安全事业有了长足的发展,具体表现在:安全立法初建体系;安全监管逐步加强;社会安全观念有了较大转变;安全科学理论有了初级发展;安全技术取得一定进步;安全管理体制基本形成;安全文化建设不断发展。但是,目前我国安全工作在运行机制、     

Changes in logging injury rates associated with use of feller-bunchers in West Virginia

Problem: It is well documented that logging is one of the most dangerous occupations and industries in which to work, and trees fellers are at greatest risk of injury. The objective of this study was to determine whether West Virginia (WV) logging companies experienced a reduction in injuries after beginning to use feller-bunchers (tree cutting machines, which replace some of the work done with a chainsaw) during harvesting operations. Methods: WV workers compensation claims and employment data from 1995 to 2000 were used to calculate injury rates. Injury trends in the rest of the WV logging industry, not using feller-bunchers, were also assessed. Results: For 11 companies, the pre-feller-buncher injury claims rate was 19.4 per 100 workers and the post-feller-buncher rate was 5.2 per 100 workers. This was a significant difference, with an adjusted rate ratio of 2.8 (95% CI: 1.8–4.5) of pre to post claims. Struck by injuries also showed significant decline, with the pre-feller-buncher injury rate being 3.8 (95% CI: 1.8–8.2) times as great as post-feller-buncher rate. During the time of the study, the injury rate rose in the rest of the WV logging industry. The average cost of a workers compensation claim in the WV logging industry during the time of the study was approximately $10,400. Impact on industry: As mechanization of logging tasks becomes more widespread, the WV logging industry as a whole may see substantial injury declines and a reduction in the total cost of injury claims. Struck by injuries, the most common and potentially fatal of logging injury types, appear to be particularly affected. However, logging operations in areas of very steep terrain where it is not possible to use these machines may need to rely on strategies other than feller-bunchers to reduce injuries.     

Evaluating the effectiveness of a logger safety training program

INTRODUCTION: Logger safety training programs are rarely, if ever, evaluated as to their effectiveness in reducing injuries. METHOD: Workers' compensation claim rates were used to evaluate the effectiveness of a logger safety training program, the West Virginia Loggers' Safety Initiative (LSI). RESULTS: There was no claim rate decline detected in the majority (67%) of companies that participated in all 4 years of the LSI. Furthermore, their rate did not differ from the rest of the WV logging industry that did not participate in the LSI. Worker turnover was significantly related to claim rates; companies with higher turnover of employees had higher claim rates. Companies using feller bunchers to harvest trees at least part of the time had a significantly lower claim rate than companies not using them. Companies that had more inspections per year had lower claim rates. CONCLUSIONS: High injury rates persist even in companies that receive safety training; high employee turnover may affect the efficacy of training programs. The logging industry should be encouraged to facilitate the mechanization of logging tasks, to address barriers to employee retention, and to increase the number of in-the-field performance monitoring inspections. Impact on industry There are many states whose logger safety programs include only about 4-8 hours of safe work practices training. These states may look to West Virginia's expanded training program (the LSI) as a model for their own programs. However, the LSI training may not be reaching loggers due to the delay in administering training to new employees and high levels of employee turnover. Regardless of training status, loggers' claim rates decline significantly the longer they work for a company. It may be that high injury rates in the state of West Virginia would be best addressed by finding ways to encourage and facilitate companies to become more mechanized in their harvesting practices, and to increase employee tenure. Increasing the number of yearly performance inspections may also be a venue to reduce claim rates. Future research could investigate in better detail the working conditions of West Virginia loggers and identify barriers to job tenure, particularly for workers whose primary job task is chainsaw operation. A larger-scale study of the effect of performance monitoring inspections on claim rates is also warranted.     

浅谈如何提高木材采伐作业的本质安全

阐述了木材采伐作业的危险性,分析了木材采伐作业的危险因素,提出了提高采伐作业的本质安全的对策措施.     

油田放射性测井操作员的受照剂量及其对健康影响的研究

Ａｍ－Ｂｅ中子源和Ｃ５ｒ源是一种极为有效的测井技术，但给测井操作员带来头昏、乏力、白细胞降低等症状，担心影响健康和生育。本文根据在江汉油田对１００多名测井放射人员进行的３７９次有效资料统计，对个人剂量监测和临床观察．阐明测井放射性工作人员受中子、γ线全身照射的个人剂量水平及其医学影响程度。     

浅析森林采伐生产安全的对策

根据森林采伐生产的实际情况,从组织领导、制度建设、技措费投入、监督检查、安全管理等方面,提出了预防采伐生产事故的安全对策措施.     

录井系统雷击危害分析及模拟试验研究

针对雷击电磁辐射对录井系统的危害问题,建立了录井系统线路雷击危害模拟试验模型,采用8/20 μs冲击电流发生器,开展了录井系统的雷击耦合试验,定量分析了雷击电磁辐射对录井系统的影响。研究结果表明:随着电流的增大和距离电流通道的减小,耦合的电压随之增大;线缆长度越长耦合的电压越大,最大耦合电压达到了2 720 V;屏蔽层接地可以有效地减小电磁辐射对线缆的耦合作用。     

运材道路修建的安全技术

从安全角度提出了关于各类地区、各等级的汽车运材公路的主要技术指标，阐述了道路环境与行车安全的关系，提出了运材道路的防雪、防滑和冰湖防治的具体措施。     

Logging injuries for a 10-year period in Jilin Province of the People's Republic of China

PROBLEM: Logging continues to be a major source of injuries in northeast China. This paper describes logging-related injuries in the Jilin Province of the People's Republic of China. METHODS: Logging fatalities and nonfatal injuries were summarized from 1981 to 1990 in Jilin. Injury data from 1991 for the entire forestry sector in China were also analyzed. RESULTS: Fatalities were mainly from of head injuries and were caused by being struck by an object. Nonfatal injuries were most often to the lower extremities and the head and were normally caused by being struck by an object or a fall or slip. The majority of both fatal and nonfatal logging injuries occurred to workers with less than 1 year of employment and those under 35 years old. Most injuries occurred November through March in Jilin. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Patterns of logging injury in Jilin of China were similar, but not identical, to those described in other studies of logging injuries worldwide. Methods found to be effective in reducing logging-related injuries in other parts of the world might be used in China to reduce the injuries associated with logging.     

Measurement of driving patterns of older adults using data logging devices with and without global positioning system capability

BACKGROUND: Methods to study driving patterns and exposure of older drivers have typically relied on surveys or driving diaries. Electronic data logging devices may offer a reliable, alternative method of measuring driving exposure, and global positioning system (GPS) technology may be able to provide further information about driving patterns. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare a driving diary with two electronic data logging devices, one of which had GPS capability, in order to identify which method best assesses the driving exposure and habits of older drivers as well as the method most acceptable to study participants. METHOD: In this prospective cohort study we recruited 20 participants aged 70 years or more (mean 78; range 70-85) (15 men and 5 women). The participants' driving patterns were recorded for one week with an electronic data logging device with GPS (FleetPulse), followed by recording for a further week with an electronic data logging device without GPS (CarChip). During both time periods the subjects also completed a standard driving diary. RESULTS: More comprehensive information, including braking and acceleration patterns, duration of driving time, time of day, and maximum speeds, was collected with the electronic devices than with the driving diary. There was excellent correlation between the driving diary data and those obtained with the CarChip (r = 0.9; p < 0.01). The correlation between the driving diary data and the FleetPulse data was moderate (r = 0.56; p = 0.02). The subjects clearly preferred the electronic monitoring devices over the driving diary. GPS data were able to demonstrate driving routes. CONCLUSIONS: Electronic data logging devices are a valid method for recording the driving patterns of older adults. These devices also reduce burden and improve the completeness of data.     

The functioning and status of the EC's major accident reporting system on industrial accidents

This paper describes the functioning and current status of the European Commission's Major Accident Reporting System (MARS), dedicated to collect in a consistent way data on major industrial accidents involving dangerous substances from the Member States of the European Union under the requirements of the `Seveso Directives', to analyse and statistically process them, and to distribute all non-confidential accidents data and analysis results to the Member States. This modern information exchange and analysis tool is made up of two connected parts: one for each local unit (i.e. for the Competent Authority of each Member State), and one central part for the European Commission. The local as well as the central parts of this network can serve both as data logging systems and, on different levels of complexity, as data analysis tools. The central database allows complex pattern analysis, identifying and analysing the succession of disruptive factors leading to an accident. On this basis, “lessons learned” can be formulated for the industry or regulatory bodies for further accident prevention. Results of various overall analyses of the contents of MARS are given. The availability of MARS data and analysis results is described.