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1.
用放射化学分析方法对哈密地区主要新型建材中^226Ra、^232Th、^40K含量分析测定。结果表明,放射性核素比活度限制值内照射指数和外照射指数平均范围值分别为0.02-0.26,0.03-0.66。花岗岩石材和涂釉制品最高,装饰材料最低。建材所致居民内、外照射年有效剂量当量为0.06-0.96mSv.a^-1,明显低于哈密地区室内环境γ辐射及氡子体所致居民年有效剂量当量实际调查值1.43mSv  相似文献   

2.
新疆土壤的天然放射性核素水平   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文报道了按网格布点,在新疆广大领域采得在海拨-154~5000米地表0~20cm深的土壤样品731个,用S-85多道γ谱仪测定了土壤中天然放射性核素含量水平。结果表明,全疆土壤中铀-238、钍-232、镭-226和钾-40的含量均值分别为33.88、38.47、31.64和612.60(Bq·Kg~(-1)),面积加权均值分别为33.77、38.96、31.41和597.63(Bq·Kg~(-1)),广大领域土壤中天然放射性核素含量属正常本底水平,也存在局部区域明显较高的问题,新疆土壤中钍-232及子体、镭-226及子体和钾-40所致距地面1米高处的空气吸收剂量率分别为2.32、1.23和2.41(×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1)),其贡献分别占39%、21%和40%,合计为5.96×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1),与外照射测量的按网络、人口加权和面积加权均值5.81、5.76和5.94(×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1)),仅分别相差2.5%、3.4%和0.3%。新疆土壤中铀镭的放射性总量是平衡的,但铀镭放射性的不平衡是广泛存在的。  相似文献   

3.
本文报道了哈密地区居民饮用水中~(238)U和~(226)Ra水平,其几何平均值分别为79.8、1.97m Bq.L~(-1),人口加权平均值分别为80.5、1.84m Bq.L~(-1)。居民连续饮此水50年,水中~(238)U、~(234)U和~(226)Ra所致居民有效约定剂量当量分别为202、430、24μsv,分别为我国天然辐射源所致居民外照射年有效剂量(952μsv)的21.2%、45.2%、2.5%,由此可见,不会对居民健康产生有意义的影响。  相似文献   

4.
本文报道了新疆某铀矿生产场所及周围居民村环境γ外照射水平的结果.结果表明:铀矿区生产场所γ外照射剂量率高于对照区,铀矿生产场所周围居民村环境γ外照射剂量率与对照区居民村的γ外照射剂量率相近.经估算得出了采矿、水冶工种人员和附属设施工种人员受到γ外照射最大年有效剂量当量仅为我国放射防护基本标准规定限值的9.1%和1.8%.这一附加剂量,对放射职业工作者的健康不会造成损伤影响.  相似文献   

5.
利用IED22000A便携式微机多道能谱仪对成都市区土壤的天然放射性核素进行了直接就地测量,估算出天然环境放射性核素^238U、^232Th、^40K的比活度范围分别为10.37~77.19Bq/kg、17,85~225.74Bq/kg、284.83~892.67Bq/kg;外照射指数范围为0.16—0.8;离地面1m高的空气吸收剂量率均值为83.23nGy/h;1外照射年有效剂量当量为0.34~0.70mSv;等效镭浓度的变化范围是59.06-386.45Bq/kg,均值为164.15Bq/kg。各项指标均在容许范围之内,因而成都市属于外照射水平的安全区域,人居环境不受影响。  相似文献   

6.
一、状况 表1列出了建材成品中~(226)Ra、~(232)Th和~(40)K的含量,并按苏联、波兰和我国的计算式计算了总活性比值。 建材成品的~(226)Ra含量变化范围为32~76Bq kg~(-1),平均为51.6Bq kg~(-1);~(232)Th  相似文献   

7.
本文报道了新疆十一类 (21种)食品中U、Th、~(226)Ra和~(40)K的浓度.所得结果均属正常水平,且与国内有关报道较为一致.通过估算得出了新疆居民四种核素(~(238)U、~(234)U、~(232)T h和~(226)Ra)的年总摄入量为65.6Bq,所致总待积有效剂量当量为14.0μSv.  相似文献   

8.
本文用FD-125型氡钍分析仪以α-射气闪烁法测定了哈密地区建材氡发射系数,其范围值为0~18.7%.氡发射平均系数的高低顺序是土块>普通水泥>花岗石材>红砖>预制构件>沙>石灰.结果表明,建材氡发射系数的高低不仅取决于建材~(226)Ra含量,很大程度上也取决于建材氡发射系数.测定该系数对评价建材所致居民室内氡浓度有一定意义.  相似文献   

9.
本文报道了新疆核试验场周围9个调查区17种主要食品中~(90)Sr、~(137)Cs含量分别为11.1—72.3,0.3—40.7·10~(-2)Bq·Kg-1;3个对照区分别为1.6-68.4,0.6-27.4·10~(-2)Bq·Kg~(-1).两地区同类食品中~(90)Sr、~(137)Cs平均含量基本一致。调查区~(90)Sr、Cs~(137)所致成年居民有效剂量当量值分别为2μSv(集体有效剂量当量为0.6人·Sv);0.3μSv(0.1人·Sv)。对照区分别为2.2μSv(集体有效剂量当量为(0.4人·Sv);0.4μSv(0.1人·Sv).可见我国核试验产生的~(90)Sr:~(137)Cs对核试验场周围地区食品没有造成明显局部污染,所致居民剂量当负担量仅占我国天然辐射源所致年有效剂量当量(952μSv)的0.2%和0.03%,如此微不足道的附加剂量,对该地区的广大居民不会产生有意义的健康影响.  相似文献   

10.
新疆伊犁地区煤层中普遍含有低浓度铀,部份煤炭中较为富集。生产和生活用煤,经燃烧后的灰分,部份已达1×10~(-7)Ci/kg达到国家标准GBJ8-74规定的放射性废物标准。为此、由自治区环保所等单位组成联合调查组、于1980年7月-1982年3月以伊宁市为重点进行了全面调查。本文报导了蔬菜和果类中总α、天然铀、镭-226、钾-40的放射性水平。 一、样品采集和分析方法  相似文献   

11.
The purpose of this study is to assess potential radiological impacts of utilizing pulverized fly ash (PFA) as a constituent in ordinary Portland cement. For this purpose, the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in samples of PFA and Portland cement containing 15%, 20%, and 25% by mass PFA were measured using gamma-ray spectrometry with HPGe detector. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were found as 366.6, 113.7, and 460.2 Bq kg???1, 94.2, 25.9, and 215.3 Bq kg???1, 113.7, 34.3, and 238.3 Bq kg???1, and 124.2, 41.8, and 279.3 Bq kg???1 for the examined samples of PFA, Portland cement with 15%, 20%, and 25% by mass PFA, respectively. Radiological parameters such as radium equivalent activity, external exposure index (activity concentration index), internal dose index (alpha index), indoor absorbed gamma dose rate, and the corresponding the annually effective dose were assessed for Portland cement samples containing three percentages (15%, 20%, and 25%) by mass PFA. The results of assessment show that all Portland cement samples are within the safe limits recommended for building materials for dwellings.  相似文献   

12.
Studies on naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in the limestone from the Margalla Hills have been carried out by measuring gamma activity and to access its radiological implications if any. For data acquisition, a High-Purity Germanium detector was employed. The activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th, and (40)K were found to be 14.32?±?0.24, 2.05?±?0.04, and 13.80?±?0.20 Bq kg(-1), respectively. These values are relatively lower as compared to that in the limestone of other countries and much lower than the values reported for the natural building stones. The average specific activities due to (226)Ra were found to be higher when compared with (40)K and (232)Th. Indices of radium equivalent activity (Ra(eq)), internal hazard (H(in)), indoor absorbed gamma dose rate (D(R,)), and corresponding annual effective dose (E(eff)) were also determined for the limestone-made rooms. All of these indices were found to be in the lower ranges. The Margalla Hills limestone does not pose any excessive radiological health hazard as a building material and in industrial uses for a common man.  相似文献   

13.
The paper presents the results of radon concentration measurements in the vicinity of water, indoor air and in contact to building walls. The investigations were carried out using CR-39 track detectors. Samples of ground water flowing out of many springs mostly in Arabian Gulf area except one from Germany have been studied. The results are compared with international recommendations and the values are found to be lower than the recommended value. Measuring the mean indoor radon concentrations in air and in contact to building walls in the dwellings of Kuwait University Campus were found 24.2 +/- 7.7, and 462 +/- 422 Bq m(-3) respectively. These values lead to average effective dose equivalent rates of 1.3 +/- 0.4 and 23 +/- 21 mSv year(-1), respectively.  相似文献   

14.
Most of the building materials contain naturally occurring radioactive elements, the most important of which are potassium 40K and the members of two natural radioactive series, which can be represented by the isotopes of thorium 232Th and Uranium 238U. The presence of these radioisotopes in the materials causes external exposure to the people who live in the building. In addition, the disintegration of Uranium 238U increases the concentration of radon gas 222Rn and of its daughters in the house. So a systematic indoor gamma dose measurement has been performed in the dwellings of Agastheeswaram Taluk of Kanyakumari district, which is lying within the 30 km radius from the upcoming Kudankulam nuclear power plant site. The geometric mean of annual absorbed dose from gamma radiation in dwellings has been found to be 278 nGyh−1. The seasonal variation of indoor gamma dose measurements has also been studied. Significant differences have been observed in dwellings built of different materials such as concrete, tiled, etc.  相似文献   

15.
Radium equivalent activity (Ra ( eq )) has been in practice for the last 40 years for the assessment of radiological hazard of radioactivity in environmental materials. The in-practice model for the calculation of the Ra ( eq ) has been critically reviewed in the light of the UNSCEAR 2000 report. Annual effective dose (E) values of (232)Th and (40)K were found to be not equal to that of (226)Ra derived from the activity concentrations of these radionuclides used in the expression for the Ra ( eq ). Therefore, a modified model has been proposed for the determination of the Ra ( eq ) for outdoor external exposure to gamma rays. The relation between the E and Ra ( eq ) has been explored. It is recommended that while describing the radiological hazard of the materials containing radioactivity, there should be no need to calculate the Ra ( eq ) if the E has already been determined or vice versa.  相似文献   

16.
The simultaneous extraction of bromide, chloride, fluoride and sulfate was studied in soils, waste- and building materials. Acid, neutral and alkaline extractants were used; 0.01 mol l(-1) H(3)PO(4), milliQ-water and 0.01 mol l(-1) NaOH, respectively. The extracts were analysed by ion chromatography and ion selective electrode. Extracted concentrations were compared with the amount obtained by an alkaline smelt, as an approximation of the total extractable content. The results indicate that there is a significant difference in extraction behaviour between waste- and building materials and soils. Bromide and chloride were in general completely extracted from the former solid materials, but less than 10% and 50%, respectively, from soils. Fluoride is strongly bound in all investigated samples; less than 10% of the total content was extracted with any of the three extractants. The fraction of extracted sulfate varied between 4 and 87% of the total content, and was in general larger in waste- and building materials than in soils. Differences in extracted concentration between the 3 extractants occurred mainly for fluoride and sulfate. Extracted bromide was similar with all three extractants and extracted chloride showed differences for the various soil samples only. Increasing the NaOH concentration up to 1 mol l(-1) resulted mainly in an increase of extracted amount of fluoride and for soils also in extracted amounts of bromide and sulfate. Although, the results show that the composition of the solid material strongly influences the final pH of the extract and the extracted amount of investigated anions, application of Milli-Q water as an extractant might be a very fruitful option within the development of the Dutch Building Materials Decree.  相似文献   

17.
An investigation using in situ analysis by portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) has shown that contamination present on industrial buildings at a heritage arsenic works site near Redruth, Cornwall, UK results from the absorption of arsenic by porous and semi-porous building materials that were in contact with arsenic-rich flue gases. Results from a preliminary survey indicate that arsenic remains locked in these materials and is being gradually leached out by weathering processes. This weathering causes general contamination of the adjacent building surfaces averaging 1845 microg g(-1) arsenic, presumably caused by evaporation of leach solutions in contact with air at the surface of the building materials. More extensive crystalline deposits were found under arches protected from dissolution and further dispersion by rain water. These deposits appeared to comprise calcium sulfate (gypsum), associated with on average between 1.2 and 6.8% m/m As. In situ PXRF proved to be highly effective in locating sources of contamination at the site and in providing data that allowed a hypotheses for the origin of this contamination to be formulated and tested in the field.  相似文献   

18.
The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in lime and gypsum samples used as building materials in Turkey were measured using gamma spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were found to be 38 ± 16, 20 ± 9, and 156 ± 54 Bq kg???1 for lime and found to be 17 ± 6, 13 ± 5, and 429 ± 24 Bq kg???1 for gypsum, respectively. The radiological hazards due to the natural radioactivity in the samples were inferred from calculations of radium equivalent activities (Raeq), indoor absorbed dose rate in the air, the annual effective dose, and gamma and alpha indices. These radiological parameters were evaluated and compared with the internationally recommended limits. The experimental mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) of the samples were determined in the energy range 81–1,332 keV. The experimental mass attenuation coefficients were compared with theoretical values obtained using XCOM. It is found that the calculated values and the experimental results are in good agreement.  相似文献   

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