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1.
从CODcr废液中回收银及硫酸银   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从CODcr废液中回收银及硫酸银刘艳,张向东(石河子市环境监测站832000)用重铬酸钾法测定CODCr需加入硫酸银作催化剂。每测定一个水样需消耗约0.3g硫酸银,每升废液中约含2.1g硫酸银。含Ag+废水排入城市下水道,不仅污染环境,也是经济损失。...  相似文献   

2.
硫酸锰代替硫酸银快速测定化学需氧量   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
硫酸锰代替硫酸银快速测定化学需氧量党慧雯(石嘴山市环境监测站石嘴山753000)化学需氧量(COD)的测定有标准回流法,库仑法[1]。这两种方法均需用Ag2SO4作催化剂,费用较大。今以MnSO4代替Ag2SO4作催化剂[2],用兰炼环化仪器研究所生...  相似文献   

3.
酚二磺酸法测定水中硝酸盐氮时 ,必须作去除水中所含氯离子的预处理 ,以消除其对测定的干扰。通常是先用硝酸银标准溶液滴定 ,测出氯离子的浓度 ,然后另取水样 ,加入一定量的硫酸银标准溶液 ,使生成氯化银沉淀而加以除去。今发现 ,改用硫酸银标准溶液代替硝酸银标准溶液滴定测定氯离子 ,同样可行。其优点是避免了因两种标准溶液标定时带来的误差。由于是根据硫酸银标准溶液的滴定数 ,然后向水样中加入一定溶液量 ,所以当配制硫酸银标准溶液时 ,不需要作十分精确的标定 ,从而缩短了操作时间。酚二磺酸法测定水中硝酸盐氮预处理方法的改进@林…  相似文献   

4.
在污水处理厂的运行控制中,化学需氧量的测定具有重要的意义.通常采用的重铬酸钾法中,作为催化剂的硫酸银用量很大且分析时间长.为了节约费用,时间,本文尝试了在CODcr分析中用浓硫酸代替硫酸银——硫酸溶液及缩短回流时间,取得了一些试验数据.给出了在维持回流体系的总酸度  相似文献   

5.
从CODcr测定废液中回收硫酸银   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用重铬酸钾法测定水样化学需氧量需加入硫酸银作催化剂,滴定后每个样品约有0.4克硫酸银随废水排入环境,可溶性银盐排入环境可造成环境的污染,且银是贵金属。因此,将COD_(Cr)实验废液中的硫酸银进行回收处理,再生硫酸银是有意义的,本文探讨了硫酸银的回收方法及回用于实验的可行性。  相似文献   

6.
在C(H2SO4)=56%硫酸介质、重铬酸钾的氧化体系中,以钼酸铵、硫酸铝钾为助催化剂,可减少催化剂硫酸银的用量,消解15min即可测定水中化学需氧量,用硝酸银溶液代替硫酸汞去除水样中氯离子,避免了汞盐的污染.工业废水加标回收率在97%~101%之间,有较好的准确度.  相似文献   

7.
《水和废水监测分析方法》中规定的重铬酸钾法测COD需消化两小时,贵重药品硫酸银的用量也较大.本文以硫酸锰、硫酸银混合试剂作催化剂,在较高的酸性介质中消化,用已知COD标准试样,优选出了该体系的最佳回流、消化条件,使回流时间缩短到45分钟,硫酸银用量由每个水样0.15克,降低到0.05克.  相似文献   

8.
Ag 2 SO 4测定水中COD法的改进   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过几年来的监测实践 ,发现石油勘探某些COD值较低的工业废水 ,可采用硫酸代替硫酸 -硫酸银体系进行回流操作 ,其余步骤与国标法相同 ,结果表明两种体系得到的数据无显著性差异 ,空白亦要使用其相对应的体系。对某些工业废水 ,用两种方法对比测定 ,结果列表 1。  经t检验表明两种方法无显著性差异 ,可大大节约Ag2 SO4试剂 ,降低成本 ,减少二次污染。表 1 废水中COD两种回流法对比测定 mg/L样 品 H2 SO4 Ag2 SO4 H2 SO4经处理废水 30 430 2真二站废水 347 347扬家坝废水 5 0 3 470Ag_2SO_4测定水中COD法…  相似文献   

9.
在ψ(H2SO4)=56%硫酸介质,重铬酸钾的氧化体系中,以钼权铵,硫酸铝钾为助催化剂,可减少量化剂硫酸银的用量,消解15min即可测定水中化学需氧量,用硝酸银溶液代替硫酸汞去除水氯离子,避免了汞盐的污染,工业废水回收率在97%~101%之间,有较好的准确度。  相似文献   

10.
快速确定BOD5稀释度的方法丁彩霄(浙江丽水地区环境监测站,丽水323000)①用常温法快速测定CODcr:取20ml混合均匀的水样于250ml锥形瓶中,准确加入1000ml重铬酸钾标准液,缓缓加入30ml硫酸—硫酸银溶液,轻摇使溶液混匀。反应10...  相似文献   

11.
通过对钒渣经碱浸和酸浸后V2O5回收率的比较,确定了应用H2SO4-氟化物浸出工艺可使渣中钒大部分转变为可溶性盐。分别采用H2SO4-NH4HF2及H2SO4-CaF2浸出工艺从湿冶钒渣中提取V2O5,前者较为满意,V2O5浸出率在65%以上,且氟化物可循环利用。  相似文献   

12.
Daily measurements of sulfate, nitrate and chloride in PM(10) have been made at three geographically separated UK sites over a three year period. Chloride shows a clear seasonal pattern with highest concentrations in winter, whilst sulfate and nitrate both show highest concentrations in the spring, apparently related to weather patterns. Spatial variability of both sulfate and nitrate is low in comparison to temporal variations, with high correlations of both species between all three sites, London (North Kensington), Harwell and Belfast, despite a geographic separation of 510 km. Both SO/SO(2) and NO/NO(x) ratios are considerably higher in summer than winter, reflecting a greater oxidising capacity of the atmosphere. SO(4)(2-)/NO(3)(-) ratios are higher in summer than winter, suggesting that aqueous phase oxidation of SO(2), expected to be most important in the winter months is not appreciably influencing production of sulfate aerosol, although greater dissociation of ammonium nitrate in summer may also play a role. Regression of concentrations at London, North Kensington with those from the proximate rural site of Harwell is interpreted as showing a similar effect of regional transport at the two sites and a small influence of local formation in the urban atmosphere or primary emissions, averaging 0.46 microg m(-3) of nitrate and 0.22 microg m(-3) of sulfate.  相似文献   

13.
Atmospheric concentrations of nitric acid (HNO3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate nitrate and particulate sulfate on the urban- and mountain-facing sides of Mt. Gokurakuji were measured from November 2002 to October 2003, in order to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic activity on air quality and dry deposited nitrate and sulfate on the surfaces of pine foliage. The results showed that HNO3, SO2 and concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) on the urban-facing side (1.54, 2.48 and 0.65 μg m−3, respectively) than the mountain-facing side (0.67, 1.19 and 0.37 μg m−3, respectively), while concentrations did not differ significantly between the two sides (urban-facing: 2.80 μg m−3; mountain−facing: 2.05 μg m−3). Indirect estimates of dry deposition rates of nitrate and sulfate to the surfaces of pine foliage based on the measured concentrations approximately agreed with the measured values determined by the foliar rinsing technique in a previous study. It was found that HNO3 was the major source (approximately 80%) of dry deposited nitrate on pine foliage, while the contribution from was about equal to that from SO2. In conclusion, HNO3 and SO2 appear to be dominant species reflecting higher dry deposition rates of nitrate and sulfate on the urban-facing side compared to the mountain-facing side of Mt. Gokurakuji.  相似文献   

14.
研究了三正辛胺(TOA)-茉体系对Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的选择性萃取作用,在硫酸介质中可将水相中的Cr(Ⅵ)萃取到有机相里,而Cr(Ⅲ)仍留在留在水相中,用原子吸收法(AAS)测定可求得Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的含量,回收率分别为94% ̄105%和94% ̄104%。方法简单、快速、准确。  相似文献   

15.
SO2气体对树木叶片叶绿素含量的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
丛者福 《干旱环境监测》2000,14(3):181-182,190
应用分光光度法研究乌鲁木齐市常见行道树种新疆扬、大叶白腊和新疆大叶榆受SO2气体危害后,树木叶片叶绿素(CA、CB、Cr)含量的动态变化,以了解其抗性特点。表明,名树种在受危害全进程中其表现不同,树木一身亦具有一定的自调节能力。同时叶绿素在各阶段相对含量的动态变化特点是衡量树种抗性大小的可供参考的有价值指标之一。  相似文献   

16.
对南通市2016年12月-2018年10月大气污染季节分布特征进行了分析。结果表明,南通市ρ(PM2.5)和ρ(水溶性离子)为冬、春季高,夏、秋季低。春夏秋冬四季ρ(水溶性离子)占ρ(PM2.5)百分比分别为68.2%,70.6%,64.5%和74.5%,其中二次离子SNA(NO3-、SO42-和NH4+)占ρ(PM2.5)的百分比分别为63.1%,67.0%,59.3%和66.8%;ρ(NO3-)/ρ(SO42-)表明,移动源已成为南通市春、秋、冬季的主要污染源,四季均存在不同程度的二次转化,且SO2的转化率均大于NO2,NO2冬季转化率最大、夏季最小,SO2夏季转化率最大、秋季最小。南通市NO2转化为硝酸盐的主要形式是气相均相反应,非均相反应和均相反应对SO2转化为硫酸盐的贡献差异不大。  相似文献   

17.
Parametric statistical approaches, correlations and multiple linear regressions were used to develop models for the interpretation of hydrogeochemical parameters in the Western part of Delhi state, India. The hydrogeochemical parameters indicated that the groundwater quality is not safe for consumption. The water is moderately saline and the salinity level is increasing over time. There is also the problem of nitrate pollution. The correlation between electrical conductivity (EC) and other water quality parameters except potassium (K(+)), nitrate (NO(3)(-)) and bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) is significantly positive and Ca(++)+ Mg(++)/Na(+)+ K(+) is significantly negative. In predicting EC, the multiple R(2) values of 0.996 and 0.985 indicate that 99.6% and 98.5% variability in the observed EC could be ascribed to the combined effect of Na(+), HCO(3)(-), Cl(-), SO(4)(--), NO(3)(-) and Ca(++)+ Mg(++) for the year of 2005 and 2006 respectively. Out of 99.6% of the variability in EC in 2005, 51.2% was due to Cl(-) alone, and 8.5%, 12.5%, 6.1%, 14.7% and 6.7% were due to Na(+), HCO(3)(-), SO(4)(--), NO(3)(-) and Ca(++) + Mg(++). Similarly in 2006, out of 98.5% of the variability in EC, 48.5% was due to Cl(-) alone, and 10.4%, 12.7%, 5.3%, 17.2% and 4.4% were due to Na(+), HCO(3)(-), SO(4)(--), NO(3)(-) and Ca(++)+ Mg(++). The analysis shows that a good correlation exists between EC, Cl(-) and SO(4)(--) either individually or in combination with other ions and the multiple regression models can predict EC at 5% level of significance.  相似文献   

18.
Soil dust particles transported from loess regions of the Asian continent, called Asian dust, highly influences the air quality of north-eastern Asia and the northern Pacific Ocean. In order to investigate the effects of these dust storms on the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol particles with different size, measurements of size distributions of total aerosol and major ion species were carried out on Jeju Island, Korea during April 2001. Juju Island was chosen for the study because the levels of emissions of anthropogenic air pollutants are very low. A 5-stage cascade impactor was used to sample size-fractionated aerosol particles. Samples were analyzed for major water-soluble ions using Dionex DX-120 ion chromatograph. The average mass concentration of total aerosol was found to be 24.4 and 108.3 microg m(-3) for non-Asian dust and Asian dust periods, respectively. The total aerosol size distribution, measured during the non-Asian dust period, was bimodal, whereas the coarse particles dominated the size distribution of total aerosol during the Asian dust period. It was found that SO4(2-), NH4+ and K+ were mainly distributed in fine particles, while Cl-, NO3-, Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were in coarse particles. Although SO4(2-) was mainly distributed in fine particles, during the Asian dust period, the concentrations in coarse particles were significantly increased. This indicates heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 on wet surfaces of basic soil dust particles. The NH4+ was found to exist as (NH4)2SO4 in fine particles, with a molar ratio of NH4+ to SO4(2-) of 2.37 and 1.52 for non-Asian dust and Asian dust periods, respectively. Taking into account the proximity of the sampling site to the sea, and the observed chloride depletion, coarse mode nitrate, during the non-Asian dust period, is assumed to originate from the reaction of nitric acid with sodium chloride on the surfaces of sea-salt particles although the chloride depletion was not shown to be large enough to prove this assumption. During the Asian dust period, however, chloride depletion was much smaller, indicating coarse nitrate particles were mainly produced by the reaction of nitric acid with surfaces of basic soil particles. Most chloride and sodium components were shown to originate from sea-salt particles. Asian dust aerosols, arriving at Jeju Island, contained considerable amounts of sea-salt particles as they passed over the Yellow Sea. Ca2+ was shown to be the most abundant species in Asian dust particles.  相似文献   

19.
Groundwater is almost globally important for human consumption as well as for the support of habitat and for maintaining the quality of base flow to rivers, while its quality assessment is essential to ensure sustainable safe use of the resources for drinking, agricultural, and industrial purposes. In the current study, 28 groundwater samples were collected around Vrishabhavathi valley region of Bangalore South Taluk to assess water quality and investigate hydrochemical nature by analyzing the major cations (Ca2?+?, Mg2?+?, Na?+?, K?+?) and anions $(\text{HCO}_{3}^{-}$ , Cl???, F???, $\text{SO}_{4}^{2-}$ , $\text{NO}_{3}^{-}$ , $\text{PO}_{4}^{3-}$ , $\text{CO}_{3}^{2-})$ besides some physical and chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, and total hardness). Also, geographic information system-based groundwater quality mapping in the form of visually communicating contour maps was developed to delineate spatial variation in physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater samples. Piper trilinear diagram was constructed to identify groundwater groups (hydrochemical facies) using major anionic and cationic concentration and it was found that majority of the samples belongs to $\text{Ca}^{2+}-\text{Mg}^{2+}-\text{Cl}^{-}-\text{SO}_{4}^{2-}$ and $\text{Ca}^{2+}-\text{Mg}^{2+}-\text{HCO}_{3}^{-}$ hydrochemical facies. Wilcox classification and US Salinity Laboratory hazard diagram suggests that 92.86% of the samples were falling under good to permissible category and C3–S1 groups, respectively, indicating high salinity/low sodium.  相似文献   

20.
为了研究在线离子色谱法测定大气PM2.5中NH4^+、NO3^-、SO4^2-的不确定性来源,探讨了标准曲线的浓度范围及浓度梯度设置对离子浓度结果的影响,并对标准曲线设定方案进行了优化。结果表明:不同浓度范围的标准曲线对于NH4+的浓度结果有较大的影响,存在1. 87%~14. 91%的偏差,对于NO3^-、SO4^2-的影响较小,相对偏差分别为2. 94%和2. 82%;非均匀布点和均匀布点标准曲线定量NH4+的结果存在4. 15%~4. 25%的偏差,对于NO3^-和SO4^2-,相对偏差分别为0. 10%和5. 99%。对于二次拟合的NH4^+,在样品浓度波动较大时,可以将样品划分为低浓度范围和高浓度范围,分别选用低浓度段标准曲线和高浓度段标准曲线,以期得到更合理的浓度结果。  相似文献   

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