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1.
为了解多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)和有机磷阻燃剂(OPFRs)在太湖3条主要入湖河流(太滆运河、太滆南运河和漕桥河)中的污染现状,采集其水体和沉积物样品,利用GC-MS/MS和LC-MS/MS技术对介质中13种PBDEs同族体和9种OPFRs进行分析。结果表明,所有水样品中均检出OPFRs,其总质量浓度为165~504 ng/L,其中三(1-氯-2丙基)磷酸酯(TCPP)为最主要污染物,最高值为160 ng/L;PBDEs在所有沉积物样品中均有检出,总质量比为16.7~765 ng/g。沉积物中PBDEs和OPFRs存在显著的正相关性(p<0.01),说明这2种化合物的污染来源和环境归趋可能相类似。水中OPFRs基于无效应浓度(PNEC)的风险评价显示,部分化合物对藻类、蚤类和鱼类具有中等生态风险。指出,随着PBDEs的禁用,以及潜在的生物累积效应,OPFRs的环境污染须引起进一步的关注。  相似文献   

2.
采用快速溶剂萃取-固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)测定土壤中8种多溴联苯醚类(PBDEs)化合物,通过优化试验条件,使方法在100 μg/L~1 000 μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为085 μg/kg~125 μg/kg。不同土壤样品的8种多溴联苯醚回收率为68.6%~127%,4次测定结果的RSD为4.8%~27.6%。将该方法用于测定电子废物拆解点周边的土壤样品,结果BDE-209测定值为未检出~168 μg/kg,BDE-183为未检出~560 μg/kg,其余6种BDEs均为未检出。  相似文献   

3.
建立了一种超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定土壤中8种多溴联苯醚化合物(PBDEs)的方法,采用快速溶剂萃取(ASE)和凝胶净化色谱(GPC),经BEH反相C18色谱柱分离,10 min内完成分离,使用含0.1%氨水的甲醇和水进行梯度洗脱,采用液相色谱-负离子-大气压化学电离(APCI)串联质谱,多反应监测模式(MRM),加入 13C12-BDE-139和13C12-BDE-209内标作定量分析。结果表明:在优化的分析条件下,PBDEs的线性相关系数为0.998 8~0.999 5,方法检出限为0.22~0.59 μg/kg,在2个添加水平下,平均回收率为71%~126%,标准偏差为3%~18%,土壤实际质控样测定结果均在允许范围内。适合于土壤中PBDEs的快速分析,特别对于高溴代PBDEs,相比气相色谱质谱方法具有更快的分析速度和更好的稳定性。  相似文献   

4.
以多溴联苯醚典型单体2,2′,4,4′?四溴联苯醚(BDE?47)为研究对象,阐明了其在土壤矿物质与有机质上的吸附解吸行为及特征。结果表明:土壤中无机矿物质对BDE?47的吸附贡献不大,而有机质是调控BDE?47在土壤中吸附行为的关键组分;有机质对BDE?47的吸附能力与其有机碳含量和物理化学特性相关;BDE?47在腐殖酸上的解吸存在显著的滞后现象。  相似文献   

5.
环境中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的代谢转化研究现状   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)作为一种溴系阻燃剂(BFRs),在多种环境介质和生物体内广泛存在且浓度逐年增加,因而越来越多地受到研究者关注.综合PBDEs各方面研究报道,认为其在环境中存在生物和非生物两种转化方式.非生物转化主要是光降解,即PBDEs在光照条件下可通过自由基反应脱溴生成低溴同系物及多溴联苯呋喃(PBDFs).生物转化则包括微生物转化、生物体内转化和生物体外代谢,其转化代谢途径除脱溴外,还有醚键断裂、羟基化和羟基化/脱溴等.对PBDEs在环境中不同转化方式的转化速率、转化途径和转化产物等的研究现状进行综述,对今后PBDEs在环境中归趋、生态风险和健康评价研究将起到一定的指导作用.  相似文献   

6.
建立了土壤和沉积物中8种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs,BDE-28、BDE-47、BDE-99、BDE-100、BDE-153、BDE-154、BDE-183和BDE-209)加速溶剂同时萃取和净化-气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(ASE-GC-MS-MS)的分析方法。通过优化加速溶剂萃取与弗罗里硅土在线净化和串联质谱多反应监测模式的条件,较好地去除基质干扰,并提高了三重四极杆串联质谱定性的准确性及定量的灵敏性。该方法采用改进的色谱柱能同时分析包括高溴代联苯醚BDE-209在内的8种PBDEs,其浓度范围为1~100 ng/mL(BDE-209为10~1 000 ng/mL),线性良好,线性回归系数均大于0.997。方法检出限为0.004~0.1 ng/g,方法回收率为75%~110%,方法精密度为2.4%~15.6%。适于批量处理土壤和沉积物中含有多组分痕量PBDEs的样品。  相似文献   

7.
分别采用微波萃取-气相色谱/质谱法、加速溶剂萃取提取-液相色谱/质谱法对采自太滆运河5个沉积物样品中的6种邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)、13种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)和9种有机磷酸酯(OPEs)的质量比及分布进行研究。结果表明,所有样品中均检测到PAEs、PBDEs和OPEs(以总量计),其总质量比分别为1.99~6.90μg/g,47~572和17.1~69.7 ng/g;十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)和磷酸三异辛酯(TEHP)分别是质量比最高的PBDEs和OPEs;对于PAEs,入太湖点位处邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)质量比较高,其余点位则是邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP)质量比较高;ω(PAEs)、ω(PBDEs)和ω(OPEs)两两间线性相关性较好,指示其来源相同;下游沉积物中污染物的质量比均高于上游,沿岸生产、生活中增塑剂和阻燃剂对太湖的污染应引起更多关注。  相似文献   

8.
以江苏省中部某城镇工业遗留场地为研究区域,采集23件土壤样品,检测土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)、有机氯农药(OCPs)、总石油烃(TPH)和重金属含量并开展风险评估。结果表明:土壤中有机物检出因子18项均无超标;Zn和Cr最大值均超过浙江住宅及公共用地筛选值,其余重金属未超标。风险评估表明,在第一类用地和第二类用地中Cd的致癌风险分别为2.70×10-8和1.42×10-8,均小于可接受致癌风险10-6;在第一类用地和第二类用地中Cd、Cu、Hg、Zn危害熵范围分别为 0.023~0.542和0.006~0.060,均小于可接受非致癌危害熵1。Cd、Cu、Hg、Zn风险值均在可接受范围内。  相似文献   

9.
运用氮、氧双同位素对聊城市城郊浅层地下水硝酸盐进行溯源,基于人类健康风险评估模型评估其健康风险。结果表明:研究区地下水中硝酸盐质量浓度在396 mg/L~389 mg/L之间,52%的监测点硝酸盐质量浓度超过《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848—2017)中Ⅲ类水质限值(20 mg/L);地下水硝酸盐主要来源于化肥中的NH+4,其次为化肥中的NO-3和土壤中N的矿化作用;成年男性、成年女性和未成年人的非致癌风险值均处于可接受风险水平,区域人群硝酸盐暴露风险的主要途径为饮用区域地下水。  相似文献   

10.
大伙房水库属于全国城市供水九大重点水源地之一,作为辽宁省重要的饮用水水源地,库区水质直接影响该区域人民饮水安全及身体健康。对大伙房水库表层水体、沉积物和鱼类样品中全氟化合物(PFAS)的赋存特征及可能的来源进行分析,并运用健康风险商值法评估PFAS的潜在健康风险。结果表明,库区表层水体中ρ(ΣPFAS)为1.18~8.19 ng/L,主要污染物为全氟辛酸及其盐类化合物(PFOA)和全氟戊基羧酸(PFPA),其浓度水平随时间呈下降趋势;沉积物中只检出3种污染物,分别为PFOA、全氟十一烷基羧酸(PFUnA)和全氟十二烷基羧酸(PFDoDA),ω(ΣPFAS)为0.16~0.48 ng/g;不同鱼类样品中ω(ΣPFAS)由高到低依次为:武昌鱼(2.49 ng/g)>鲤鱼(2.30 ng/g)>白鲢(2.02 ng/g)>花鲢(2.01 ng/g),主要污染物均为PFPA。基于主成分分析与相关性分析可知,大伙房水库库区的PFAS主要来自采矿、电镀、涂料等工业污染废水和生活污水;健康风险评估结果表明,表层水体和鱼类样品中的PFAS不存在健康风险。  相似文献   

11.
我国沙尘暴灾害及其治理对策初步研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
分析研究了沙尘暴的成因、时空分布、发展趋势及造成的灾害,结合国外经验提出了我国治理的对策建议。  相似文献   

12.
李江 《干旱环境监测》2006,20(4):246-248
针对目前室内环境监测工作出现的种种问题,就如何规范的开展室内环境监测工作,更好地为社会提供真实、准确、有效的监测数据,本文提出相关的探讨。  相似文献   

13.
The social and economic implications of atmospheric change on biodiversity need to be seen in a global context of major shifts in the conceptualization and management of our relationship with nature. Traditionally, we have conceptualized the atmosphere and the other creatures of the biosphere as separate from the human, but their quasi-autonomy is now becoming subject to more and more human management. This raises not only economic issues, but social, political, and ethical concerns that will have substantial influence on public policy. Among these are the commodification of genetic material; the privatization of traditional knowledge; and the management of information. In this broader context, the paper examines an array of current and proposed strategies of response to changes in biodiversity as a result of climatic and other stresses.  相似文献   

14.
Canada responded to the Global Biodiversity Convention by completing the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy in 1995. At the same time, Environment Canada also completed a national Science Assessment on Biodiversity. During this period, the Smithsonian Institution, in partnership with Parks and Environment Canada, initiated the implementation of a global biodiversity monitoring program in Canada. Under the auspices of the United Nations Man and the Biosphere Program, the SI/MAB monitoring protocols and plots have spread across Canada at an unprecedented rate. National champions in the science and educational sectors, working within an inter-disciplinary ecological framework, have guided the development, education, quality control and sharing of atmosphere-biodiversity observations electronically.Atmospheric-Biodiversity Networks and Networking have traditionally operated within separate mandates with little degree of integration. Air-Bio Networks were designed within an integrated framework to better understand the atmospheric stress on biodiversity and the adaptation actions, nationally and regionally. Detailed examples of the cumulative effects of climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid deposition, ground-level ozone, suspended particulate matter and hazardous air pollutants on biodiversity will be discussed using a Southern Ontario case study. In addition, recommendations will be presented for future paired SI/MAB plots, linked networks and networking for adaptation within the context of climate, chemical and ecological gradients.  相似文献   

15.
针对太原市空气臭氧污染较为严重的问题,开展臭氧主要前体物醛酮化合物质量浓度及其变化规律研究。利用2,4-二硝基苯肼固相吸附/高效液相色谱方法,通过对太原市2019年冬季和夏季大气的醛酮化合物进行分析,发现太原市冬季总醛酮化合物的平均质量浓度为13 μg/m3,低于夏季的27 μg/m3。其中甲醛、乙醛和丙酮质量浓度最高,且甲醛和丙酮在夏季的质量浓度远高于冬季。冬季三者质量浓度在污染天和良好天分别呈现了双峰和单峰日变化;夏季甲醛和乙醛的质量浓度、大部分丙酮质量浓度呈现了双峰日变化,但甲醛和乙醛在上午、丙酮在18:00—20:00出现了最高值。三者质量浓度与CO质量浓度在冬季呈正相关,在夏季无相关。研究表明:冬季甲醛、乙醛和丙酮主要来自机动车尾气排放;夏季甲醛、乙醛和丙酮主要来自光化学反应二次生成,机动车尾气和植物排放对三者也有一定贡献。  相似文献   

16.
A simple and accurate method of determining metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil was developed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection. The limits of detection were 0.015 mg/kg for metalaxyl and 0.003 mg/kg for cymoxanil. The limits of quantification were 0.05 mg/kg for metalaxyl in pepper and soil as well as 0.01 mg/kg for cymoxanil in pepper and soil. Recoveries of pepper and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and ranged within 77.52 to 102.05 % for metalaxyl and 87.15 to 103.21 % for cymoxanil, with relative standard deviations below 9.30 %. For field experiments, the half-lives of metalaxyl were 3.2 to 3.9 days in pepper and 4.4 to 9.5 days in soil at the three experimental locations in China. At harvest, pepper samples were found to contain metalaxyl and cymoxanil well below the maximum residue limit MRLs of the European Union (EU) following the recommended dosage and the interval of 21 days after last application.  相似文献   

17.
A simple and accurate method for the determination of bismerthiazol and its metabolite 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole was developed in Chinese cabbage and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection in this study. The limits of detection were 0.06 mg/kg for bismerthiazol and 0.03 mg/kg for 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, respectively. Recoveries of cabbage and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and were in the range of 84.0–96.0 % for bismerthiazol and 71.0–74.6 % for 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, with relative standard deviations below 7.0 %. For field experiments, the half-life of bismerthiazol was 2.4–2.5 days in Chinese cabbage and 2.5–4.8 days in soil at the two experimental locations in China. Dissipation residues of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole were lower than 0.72 mg/kg. Terminal residues of bismerthiazol and its metabolite were less than 3.0 and 0.3 mg/kg in Chinese cabbage, respectively. No bismerthiazol or metabolite residues were detected in soil on days 5, 7, 10, and 14 after the last spraying at the two dosage levels.  相似文献   

18.
废旧干电池的环境污染防治及回收利用   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
王颖 《干旱环境监测》2002,16(2):113-115
介绍了各种干电池的基本化学组成,分析了废旧干电池污染环境的主要途径及对人类的危害,并就回收利用问题提出建议。  相似文献   

19.
A simple residue analytical method using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure for the determination of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid (CGA321113) in tomato and soil was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The limits of detection were 0.0005 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin and 0.001 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin acid, respectively. The average recoveries in tomato and soil ranged from 73–99 % for trifloxystrobin and 75–109 % for trifloxystrobin acid, with relative standard deviations below 15 %. The method was then used to study the dissipation and residues in tomato and soil. The dissipation half-lives of trifloxystrobin in tomato were 2.9 days (Beijing) and 5.4 days (Shandong), while in soil were 1.9 days (Beijing) and 3.0 days (Shandong), respectively. The final results showed that the major residue compound was trifloxystrobin in tomato whereas it was its metabolite, trifloxystrobin acid, in soil. The final residues of total trifloxystrobin (including trifloxystrobin acid) were below the EU maximum residue limit of 0.5 mg kg?1 in tomato 3 days after the treatment.  相似文献   

20.
根据国内危险化学品分类与分级管理现状,结合北京大学实验室危险化学品管理工作实际情况,总结了危险化学品源头管控、过程管理、监督检查等方面的分级分类管理策略与方法,介绍了北京大学在实验室安全教育与培训、技防与物防建设、信息化技术运用、奖惩机制建设方面的经验,以期为提升危险化学品管理水平、消除安全隐患、提高高校实验室安全管理质量提供参考。  相似文献   

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