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1.
改进了两种配制纳氏试剂的方法,它可避免不同批配制的纳氏试剂,在其灵敏度、试剂空白、校准曲线斜率间的差异,节省了试剂,并使灵敏度略有提高。  相似文献   

2.
用自制消解液替代进口试剂测定化学需氧量   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用美国进口试剂在HACH仪器上测试CODcr,具有准确度高、方法简便、安全、快速、节省试剂、防止有机物挥发等优点,但存在的问题是试剂价格昂贵、样品测试成本很高。为解决这一问题,经过多次试验,自行研制出了消解液试剂、经与进口试剂对比试验,结果令人满意,大大降低了样品测试成本。  相似文献   

3.
用简单合成了二乙氨基二硫代甲酸银试剂,并比较了自制和市售的二乙氨基二硫人 银对测砷的影响。结果表明,采用自制的二乙氨基二硫代甲酸银能大大降低试剂空白,提高方法的灵敏度和降低检出限,试剂质量明显优于市售产品。  相似文献   

4.
介绍了在测定氨氮过程中对试剂的稳定性,降低试剂空白值及实验室环境等问题的几点体会,并有针对性地提出了解决办法.  相似文献   

5.
《水和废水监测分析方法》(简称《方法》)规定用4—氨基安管比林光度法测定水中挥发酚时,所有试剂均用无酚水配制。此法费时、费力,且成本高,特别是大批量作品的分析问题更加突出.用新制蒸馏水代替无酚术配制试剂测定水中挥发酚,经验证,效果令人满意。1实验组分1.1仪器、器皿:同《方法》。1.2试剂,分别同无酚水和新制蒸馏水配制试剂,试剂配制见(方法)。1.3实验方法标准曲线的绘制:同《方法》。分析测试:用无酷水所做的实验你为申法,用新制蒸馏水所做的实验称为乙法。2结果与讨论2.1标准曲线的绘制采用甲、乙法测定挥发…  相似文献   

6.
以纳氏试剂比色法测定水中氨氮为基础,结合工作实践,阐述用HACHDR/2500分光光度计测定水中氨氮的方法和步骤.本方法分析速度快,所用试剂量少,且可直接测定浓度.  相似文献   

7.
介绍了在测定挥发酚过程中对试剂的保存,缓冲溶液pH值的控制,各种试剂的加入顺序及萃取时间的确定等问题的几点体会,并有针对性地提出了解决的办法。  相似文献   

8.
水中六价铬的应急事故测定方法   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对六价铬的国标测定方法进行了改进,把主要试剂二苯碳酰二肼制成粉剂,以磷酸代替硫酸调节酸度,并根据实际情况改变试剂添加顺序,提供了一种快捷简便且抗干扰的现场应急监测方法.  相似文献   

9.
紫外分光光度法测定水中总氮影响条件的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
碱性过硫酸钾氧化-紫外分光光度法测定水中总氮时,实验的准确性受到很多条件的影响。本文分别从试剂的选择、试剂的配制、消解的温度与时间、实验用水、比色管的选用及清洁度等方面进行研究,从而保证实验的准确性与可靠性。  相似文献   

10.
介绍了在测定挥发酚过程中对试剂的稳定性、降低试剂空白值及如何调节pH值等问题的几点体会,并有针对性地提出了解决的办法。  相似文献   

11.
12.
This paper reveals the non-technical elements that affect construction project costs, known as soft cost elements (SCEs). These elusive elements have received little attention although they are significant in influencing management decisions of a project. There is much interest in the mitigation of cost for green projects, but the focus is generally leaning towards hard cost aspects. Information about SCEs remains obscure. Qualitative approach is adopted in this research using face-to-face unstructured interviews with 12 respondents consisting of green building project experts who have been involved in many projects certified by the Malaysia Green Building Index (GBI). A total of 4 project cost datasheets were also analysed to confirm the SCEs in the project budget and to enable a clear definition of the SCEs term. The results show that SCEs are tangible and not hidden in nature. Although they constitute smaller percentage in the project cost, the implications of SCEs are far-reaching and can influence critical management decisions. There are 8 SCEs identified which are divided into 3 main categories: 1) Design Influence (project brief preparation, consultant fees and green certification); 2) Authority Requirement (pre-development charges and contribution charges); and 3) Development Provision (marketing, project overheads and security of funding). This study is practical and relevant for both green and conventional construction project, with an additional of ‘green certification’ element for green projects. The paper provides new insight into the understated elements that drive project cost from a managerial perspective and indicates key areas for future studies on project cost.  相似文献   

13.
连续采样与五日法采样效果及费用的对比分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过对连续采样与五日法采样五种方法监测结果及所需费用的比较,得出连续采样方法监测结果更具有代表性,合理性,一次性投资大,但运行费用并不高的结论。  相似文献   

14.
An optimization model for land reservation was developed that explicitly selects parcels in the most compact or contiguous manner possible while meeting habitat requirements and a budget limitation. The model was used to compare the effects of an existing reserve network on future parcel spatial locations and total cost. Using habitat and land value data from Josephine County, Oregon, it was found that a system of existing reserves created by various policies and overseen by different agencies can decrease future reserve compactness and contiguity, and increase total cost. This work suggests that coordinated planning can result in more efficient conservation efforts for less cost.  相似文献   

15.
以某化学品泄漏造成大气污染为例,采用虚拟治理成本法,通过对污染物单位治理成本的调查,污染物危害系数的确定等步骤量化生态环境损害的数额。针对生态环境损害价值量化过程中主要污染物的选择、单位治理成本的确定、危害类别的判断等技术关键点,提出,应结合环境质量标准限值,污染物危害系数等综合因素选择主要污染物;采用成本函数法来确定某一地区单位治理成本更容易被采纳;利用标签制度(GHS)危险性类别的结论能够快速确定污染物危害系数,以期为大气环境损害鉴定评估技术方法的完善提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   

16.
A water quality monitoring network (WQMN) must be designed so as to adequately protect the water quality in a catchment. Although a simulated annealing (SA) method was previously applied to design a WQMN, the SA method cannot ensure the solution it obtained is the global optimum. Therefore, two new linear optimization models are proposed in this study to minimize the deviation of the cost values expected to identify the possible pollution sources based on uniform cost (UC) and coverage elimination uniform cost (CEUC) schemes. The UC model determines the expected cost values by considering each sub-catchment being covered by which station, while the CEUC model determines the coverage of each station by eliminating the area covered by any upstream station. The proposed models are applied to the Derchi reservoir catchment in Taiwan. Results show that the global optimal WQMN can be effectively determined by using the UC or CEUC model, for which both results are better than those from the SA method, especially when the number of stations becomes large.  相似文献   

17.
Construction projects generate serious environmental adverse impacts on the adjacent residents. All those harmful consequences and damages that third parties or the community sustain due to the implementation of construction processes are called social costs. Although, the presence of social costs is widely mentioned in the literature, in the projects' initial cost estimation practices, the social costs are not estimated and included. Whereas since these costs are not compensated, problems can be emerged by the community. It is a truism that the majority of the models proposed to quantify the social costs have been concentrated on construction, repair, and maintenance of the infrastructure projects namely; utilities, roads, and highways. On the other hand, up to the present, a limited number of attempts has been made to quantify residential housing construction associated social costs. Thus, this research aims to expand and/or contribute to the existing body of knowledge via estimating how much social cost society surrounding residential housing construction sites are subjected to. For this purpose, a social cost estimation model is developed to assist industry professionals on how to estimate social costs in residential construction projects. The social cost estimation model is developed to provide guidance for phase by phase monetization of the residential construction associated social costs. In this paper, the model proposed for social cost estimation is validated via a case study in Turkey.  相似文献   

18.
In this study, an interval-fuzzy two-stage chance-constrained integer programming (IFTCIP) method is developed for supporting environmental management under uncertainty. The IFTCIP improves upon the existing interval, fuzzy, and two-stage programming approaches by allowing uncertainties expressed as probability distributions, fuzzy sets, and discrete intervals to be directly incorporated within a general mixed integer linear programming framework. It has advantages in uncertainty reflection, policy investigation, risk assessment, and capacity-expansion analysis in comparison to the other optimization methods. Moreover, it can help examine the risk of violating system constraints and the associated consequences. The developed method is applied to the planning for facility expansion and waste-flow allocation within a municipal solid waste management system. Violations of capacity constraints are allowed under a range of significance levels, which reflects tradeoffs between the system cost and the constraint-violation risk. The results indicate that reasonable solutions for both binary and continuous variables have been generated under different risk levels. They are useful for generating desired decision alternatives with minimized system cost and constraint-violation risk under various environmental, economic, and system-reliability conditions. Generally, willingness to take a higher risk of constraint violation will guarantee a lower system cost; a strong desire to acquire a lower risk will run into a higher system cost.  相似文献   

19.
Air pollution leads to serious negative impacts on health. Thephysical evidence is compelling. An attempt has been made inthis paper to establish dose-response relationship of AmbientAir Quality Index and human health, based on time spent by anindividual in different microenvironments during one day.Economic valuation of morbidity and mortality has been attemptedthrough lost salary approach. The results show that theavoidance cost is 29% of the total health damage cost.  相似文献   

20.
This paper is concerned with the cost efficiency in achieving the Swedish national air quality objectives under uncertainty. To realize an ecologically sustainable society, the parliament has approved a set of interim and long-term pollution reduction targets. However, there are considerable quantification uncertainties on the effectiveness of the proposed pollution reduction measures. In this paper, we develop a multivariate stochastic control framework to deal with the cost efficiency problem with multiple pollutants. Based on the cost and technological data collected by several national authorities, we explore the implications of alternative probabilistic constraints. It is found that a composite probabilistic constraint induces considerably lower abatement cost than separable probabilistic restrictions. The trend is reinforced by the presence of positive correlations between reductions in the multiple pollutants.
Chuan-Zhong LiEmail:
  相似文献   

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