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1.
基于RS/GIS的大辽河口湿地景观格局时空变化研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
基于1988、1995、2001和2007年的四期TM数据,应用GIS/RS技术与景观格局分析软件FRAGSTATS,定量分析大辽河口地区湿地景观格局的动态变化。结果表明,自1988年以来,大辽河口地区的湿地面积逐年增加,湿地景观多样性指数和均匀度指数呈现先降后升的趋势,景观破碎化程度增强。湿地类型变化主要表现在大量的自然湿地转化为人工湿地或人工景观,具体表现在转化为建筑用地、水稻田、养殖区。1988~1995年期间,大辽河口地区的环境质量下降,该地区生物生活环境的多样性降低,造成了一些物种种群数量的减少甚至消失;但是自1995年以后,该地区的景观多样性和均匀性升高,抗干扰能力增强,环境质量有所提高。研究区湿地景观格局的动态变化主要是受自然条件和人为活动干扰共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

2.
为了解兴化里下河湿地退渔还湿后越冬期的鸟类多样性状况,于2021年12月-2022年3月,采用样线法对兴化里下河湿地公园及其附近1处水产养殖塘的鸟类群落结构及多样性进行了调查分析。选取芦苇、藕塘、森林、库塘/水产养殖塘4种典型生境类型进行研究,共记录到14目31科48属69种鸟类,其中国家级保护鸟类9种,国家一级重点保护鸟类2种,为东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)和黑脸琵鹭(Platalea minor);列入《世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)受威胁物种红色名录》的受威胁鸟类6种;列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)附录Ⅰ鸟类的1种、附录Ⅱ的5种。兴化里下河湿地公园内主要越冬水鸟有东方白鹳、白琵鹭、小天鹅、凤头麦鸡、反嘴鹬、鹤鹬、骨顶鸡、夜鹭、绿翅鸭、针尾鸭、斑嘴鸭、红嘴鸥等。基于越冬鸟类的分布状况,对湿地公园的湿地修复和管理,以及加强该地区生物多样性监测、研究和保护等方面提出了建议。  相似文献   

3.
通过对南通市2006—2015年近岸海域功能区生物环境状况监测和分析,功能区海水基本处于贫至中营养状态,营养指数呈先降后稳再升的变化趋势。底栖生物物种较少,多样性指数波动中呈轻微下降趋势。浮游生物中,浮游植物多样性指数较为稳定,浮游动物年度间波动起伏差异较大。从优势种来看,优势比例明显,浮游植物以硅藻门为主,中肋骨条藻作为主要优势种占据多年;浮游动物以浮游甲壳动物为主,真刺唇角水蚤等河口半咸水种和近岸低盐物种较多,应引起重视。  相似文献   

4.
烟台西港倾倒区海域浮游生物的群落特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
分析了倾倒活动结束后烟台西港倾倒区海域浮游生物的群落结构特征。结果表明,浮游植物群落具有硅藻为主、甲藻为次的特征,生态性质以温带近岸性物种为主。倾倒区停用后,硅藻数量大幅增加。桡足类、浮游幼虫及毛颚类的强壮箭虫是浮游动物群落的主要组成。浮游动物丰度、生物量与浮游植物丰度变化趋势大体一致。多样性分析表明,浮游生物群落结构比较稳定,倾倒区海域生态环境质量尚好。  相似文献   

5.
运用大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)快速在线连续自动监测系统,于2018年7月对南通市区环境空气中VOCs进行观测,分析VOCs的浓度状况、组成特征、对臭氧生成潜势的贡献及主要来源。结果表明:观测期间共检出100种VOCs,总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)的平均体积分数为(38. 18±23. 63)×10^-9,各物种体积分数从大到小顺序依次为烷烃>含氧有机物>芳香烃>卤代烃>烯、炔烃;芳烃和烯烃是最主要的活性物种,间/对二甲苯、甲苯、邻二甲苯等是VOCs的关键活性组分;利用PMF模型解析得到VOCs的主要污染来源是工业排放与溶剂使用、机动车尾气排放、燃料挥发排放和生物源排放。  相似文献   

6.
为探索重点生物物种保护率监测方法并实践应用,选取昆山和射阳作为试点县域开展重点生物物种保护率监测研究。结果显示,共监测到重点生物物种87种,其中动物79种,植物8种。受威胁物种39种,其中极危物种5种,濒危物种19种,易危物种15种。重点保护物种79种,其中一级保护野生动植物28种,二级保护野生动植物51种;昆山和射阳的重点生物物种保护率分别为97.73%和100%。提出,为实现重点生物物种保护率监测工作的业务化运行,支撑重点生物物种和生物多样性保护管理,需要不断加强生物多样性观测能力建设,建立生物多样性监测长效机制,完善生物多样性物种信息数据库;各相关部门应统筹协调,整合资源,形成合力,实现重点生物物种、生物多样性和生态系统的监测、管理和保护的协调统一。  相似文献   

7.
对镇江市城市居住区、农田保护区、城市园林、城郊山林和河流湿地等5种生境冬、夏2季鸟类多样性进行了调查研究.结果表明,5种生境夏季鸟类群落的各种指数均呈现不同的变化规律;城市保护区、农田保护区、城市园林鸟类优势种为[树]麻雀;河流湿地和城郊山林鸟类群落冬夏季在物种水平和科属水平上拥有较大的多样性,群落结构最稳定;城市居住区和城市园林鸟类群落冬季的密度较大,同时良好的栖息地对鸟类的生存起着决定性的影响.  相似文献   

8.
文章结合小清河水质达标的工作要求,对该河段进行水生生物资源调查与评估。采用实地调查及生物多样性指数分析,监测结果显示浮游植物29种,绿藻门、硅藻门和蓝藻门为优势种群;浮游动物2种,分属于剑水蚤科和蟤科;底栖动物22种,环节动物寡毛类占捕获量比例最大;鱼虾620条22种。生物多样性总体呈现出上下游高、中游低的现象。从生物物种的组成上,表明小清河济南段流域存在不同程度的水质污染。  相似文献   

9.
为科学评估河流修复效果,研究修复河流中底栖动物物种多样性和生态功能恢复特征,以浙江省浦江县浦阳江干流为研究对象,分别对2个近自然河段、2个城区修复河段和3个郊区修复河段在修复后1,3,4和5年的水质和底栖动物恢复状况进行调查研究。采用广义最小二乘法(GLS)模型探索底栖动物物种多样性(总物种丰富度、EPT丰富度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数)和功能多样性[功能丰富度、功能均匀度和Rao的二次熵指数(RaoQ)]与恢复年份和修复河段类型的相关性。结果表明,修复后河流的NH 3-N和TP浓度显著低于修复前(p<0.001),修复河段和整个调查河段的底栖动物物种多样性和功能多样性总体上随修复年份的增加呈上升趋势。GLS模型分析结果表明,相对于修复河段类型,修复年份对河流修复效果起着更为重要的作用,此外,郊区河段对修复后RaoQ功能多样性指数的改变作用显著(p<0.001)。提出,修复河段底栖动物多样性的恢复与恢复年份和河段受到的干扰类型密切相关。  相似文献   

10.
以锡林河流域草地植被为研究对象,采用物种重要值,α、β多样性指数对流域植物群落多样性沿海拔梯度分布特征进行研究。结果表明:在各海拔梯度内羊草均占优势地位。随着海拔梯度的升高,α多样性指数均呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势;在影响Simpson多样性指数的程度上,丰富度指数高于均匀度指数。随着海拔梯度的升高,β多样性指数具有先降低后升高再降低的变化趋势。在海拔梯度1 200 m~1 300 m与1 300 m~1 400 m之间群落物种相似度较高,物种更替速率较慢;在海拔梯度1 100 m~1 200 m与1 200 m~1 300 m之间群落物种组成差异性较大,物种更替速率较快。  相似文献   

11.
We conduct a valuation of species protection in central Chile's Campana National Park (CNP) using the choice experiment (CE) method. The CNP has been recognized as having global relevance for the conservation of biological diversity. Specifically, the aim is to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) of park visitors for protection of different protected species in the area: popular species of flora and fauna that are known by visitors of the park, inconspicuous species (phytofagous, fungus) that are unknown to visitors, and species with conservation problems of which visitors are unaware. We also investigate the WTP for different levels of species biodiversity protection within the sample as the WTP for biodiversity protection is sensitive to the way in which biodiversity is presented to respondents. The levels of species biodiversity protection are represented using “icon” inconspicuous species and numbers of inconspicuous species protected in La Campana National Park. This methodology allowed us to obtain information on the sensitivity of the participants to the scope of the information provided. Overall, visitors attach positive and significant values to the local conservation of species. These values are derived not only from the desire to preserve popular species in the area but also from the preservation or assured existence of inconspicuous species that are protected in the park. Visitors behave as consumers who are sensitive to changes in the price of park admission as a result of the implementation of specific strategies for wildlife conservation management in the park. Furthermore, the study also elucidates the observations that the public is able to perceive biodiversity conservation in broader terms than a single species and that greater benefits are attached to the conservation of multiple species than single ones. Results also provide insights into methodological considerations regarding the conceptual framework used to assess the valuation of biodiversity changes in developing countries, including the level of biological diversity and the scale of the change.  相似文献   

12.
Bafa Lake Nature Park is one of Turkey’s most important legally protected areas. This study aimed at analyzing spatial change in the park environment by using object-based classification technique and landscape structure metrics. SPOT 2X (1994) and ASTER (2005) images are the primary research materials. Results show that artificial surfaces, low maqui, garrigue, and moderately high maqui covers have increased and coniferous forests, arable lands, permanent crop, and high maqui covers have decreased; coniferous forest, high maqui, grassland, and saline areas are in a disappearance stage of the land transformation; and the landscape pattern is more fragmented outside the park boundaries. The management actions should support ongoing vegetation regeneration, mitigate transformation of vegetation structure to less dense and discontinuous cover, control the dynamics at the agricultural–natural landscape interface, and concentrate on relatively low but steady increase of artificial surfaces.  相似文献   

13.
Landscape fragmentation affects wildlife population viability, in part, through the effects it has on individual dispersal. In addition, some forms of human disturbance impinge on dispersal without physically fragmenting habitats. Here, we use the term "landscape resistance" to capture constraints to dispersal that cannot be linked directly to fragmentation. The extent to which landscape resistance can influence population persistence is not well understood. Agricultural development over the past 60?years has resulted in considerable habitat fragmentation in the Riding Mountain National Park (RMNP) region in southwestern Manitoba, Canada. We examined how park boundaries, roads outside park boundaries and negative human attitudes have altered dispersal success and population persistence. We examined whether stochastic disturbance, representing infectious disease epidemics, further reduced long-term population persistence for various scenarios. Finally, we assessed whether the simultaneous occurrence of the three features had additive effects. We simulated dispersal using HexSim, a spatially explicit individual-based population model, parameterised with data on wolves (Canis lupus) in the RMNP region. Simulations that separately accounted for negative human attitudes and roads outside the park boundaries exhibited lower mean population size than those that ignored these details. Increasing deflection from park boundaries did not appear to have significant impacts. Our results did not indicate the presence of additive effects, and scenarios incorporating all three features had similar results as that of roads. Stochastic disturbance further reduced mean population size. Our results do illustrate how less-visible human disturbances (i.e. those that do not clearly alter landscape characteristics) can significantly limit dispersal and population persistence.  相似文献   

14.
基于清洁生产、产业生态学和循环经济等可持续发展理论,结合产业园区现有指标体系、评价标准和相关文献资料,通过评价指标频度统计分析,筛选出重点关注指标,经专家咨询补充完善相关指标,构建了产业园区清洁生产水平评价指标体系(包含7项一级指标和26项二级指标)。通过层次分析法确定了各项指标权重,参考已发布相关标准及研究成果,确定了指标评价标准。以苏州国家环保高新技术产业园为例,应用该指标体系评价其清洁生产水平,结果为合格,与实际情况相符。指出,该指标体系能够合理反映产业园区清洁生产水平,判断其是否建成清洁生产园区,并在园区层面提出清洁生产审核重点及改进建议,从而进一步发掘产业园区清洁生产潜力。  相似文献   

15.
The U.S. National Park Service (NPS) is faced with direct questions about the condition of Park natural resources. The watershed approach to long-term monitoring of natural, and remote areas within the National Parks has provided important data for detecting both spacial and temporal changes in environmental conditions. These data collections allow the partitioning of cause and effect relationships of ecological change within a given watershed. They also serve to meet both reference and early warning objectives. Success in advancing a number of acid precipitation goals has demonstrated the usefulness of these integrated watershed data for inter-ecosystem comparison and for analogy between watersheds. The watershed program owing to the NPS experience is proposed as a model for focusing the National Park Service's inventory and monitoring program inititiative. This approach provides to park researchers and resources managers the needed tools for dealing with today's complex local, regional and global natural resources issues.  相似文献   

16.
Using a reference-condition comparison, recovery of benthic invertebrate communities from acidification was assessed in three lakes in Killarney Wilderness Park approximately 40–60 km from the massive metal smelters in Sudbury, Canada. Test site analyses (TSAs) were used to compare the park lakes to 20 reference lakes near Dorset Ontario, 200 km to the east. An extension of a previous survey (1997–2001) of two sensitive mayfly species (Stenonema femoratum and Stenacron interpunctatum) was conducted in one of the lakes. TSA results indicate that the three Killarney lakes remain significantly different from reference condition due primarily to higher abundances of a few acid-tolerant families and the presence of some less abundant sensitive families. Colonization rates differ greatly between the two mayfly species presumably because of competition for available habitat. Overall, this study suggests that early colonizers will gain an advantage to out-compete subsequent arrivals, and these competitive interactions will delay the return of communities to reference condition.  相似文献   

17.
Rapid Assessment of Plant Diversity Patterns: A Methodology for Landscapes   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
We present a rapid, cost-efficient methodology to link plantdiversity surveys from plots to landscapes using: (1) unbiasedsite selection based on remotely sensed information; (2) multi-scale field techniques to assess plant diversity; (3)mathematical models (species-area curves) to estimate thenumber of species in larger areas corrected for within-typeheterogeneity; and (4) mathematical techniques to estimatetotal species richness and patterns of plant diversity in alandscape. We demonstrate the methodology in a 754 ha studyarea in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, U.S.A.,using four 0.025 ha and twenty-one 0.1 ha multi-scalevegetation plots. We recorded 330 plant species (1/3 thenumber of plants recorded in the 1074 km2 Park) in the2.2 ha area within the plots: this represents a samplingintensity of 0.29% of the 754 ha study site. We estimated 552plant species, about half the plant species recorded in the Park,in just 0.7% of the Parks area. We show how this rapid,cost-efficient methodology: (1) produces a rich informationbase on the patterns of native plant diversity and thedistribution of non-native plant species and keystoneecosystems; and (2) can be easily adapted for other nationaland state parks, national forests, wildlife refuges, and nature reserves.  相似文献   

18.
We reviewed literature reporting both total and methylmercury from biota from Acadia National Park, Maine, USA. Our review of existing data indicates that 1) mercury contamination is widespread throughout the Park’s various aquatic ecosystems; 2) mercury pollution likely represents a moderate to high risk to biota inhabiting the Park; and 3) biota at all trophic levels possess elevated concentrations of both total and methylmercury. Watershed fire history and the resulting post-fire forest succession patterns are an important landscape attribute governing mercury cycling at Acadia National Park. Therefore, park service personnel should consider these factors when planning and implementing Hg biomonitoring efforts. Additional baseline funding from the National Park Service for Hg research and biomonitoring will likely be required in order to further evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns of mercury contamination in the park’s biota. An erratum to this article can be found at  相似文献   

19.
Protected areas (PAs) represent real cornerstones in the conservation of biodiversity and natural habitats. Their protection must be a priority today for each society. The enhanced socio-economic requirements increase the pressure upon protected areas, and the effect can result in a reduction of biodiversity. The aim of this study is to quantify forest fragmentation in the pre- (1986–2002) and post-establishment (2002–2016) periods, inside and around (buffer 1, buffer 2 and buffer 3) Apuseni Natural Park (ANP), Romania, using a series of classified Landsat satellite images and six landscape metrics. The results show that forest fragmentation occurred both in the pre- and post-establishment periods, inside and around ANP. Inside the park, the deforestation rate increased four times, from 0.03% year?1 in the pre-establishment period to 0.14% year?1 in the post-establishment period. Around the park, the deforestation rate decreased from 0.31% year?1 in the pre-establishment period (buffer 1) to 0.10% year?1 in the post-establishment period (buffer 1). Forest fragmentation resulted in an increase in the patch density and edge density, and a decrease in the total core area and mean patch size leading to isolation of patches and fragmentation of landscape, especially in ANP in the post-establishment period. Several measures can be taken in order to stop forest fragmentation inside and around ANP, including the education of buffer-zone communities, reforestation, enforcement of park regulations, and forest legislation.  相似文献   

20.
In this study, we interpreted coastal wetland types from an ASTER satellite image in 2002, and then compared the results with the land-use status of coastal wetlands in 1952 to determine the wetland loss and degradation around Jiaozhou Bay. Seven types of wetland landscape were classified, namely: shallow open water, inter-tidal flats, estuarine water, brackish marshes, salt ponds, fishery ponds and ports. Several landscape pattern indices were analysed: the results indicate that the coastal wetlands have been seriously degraded. More and more natural wetlands have been transformed into artificial wetlands, which covered about 33.7% of the total wetlands in 2002. In addition, we used a defined model to assess the impacts of human activities on coastal wetlands. The results obtained show that the coastal wetlands of Jiaozhou Bay have suffered severe human disturbance. Effective coastal management and control is therefore needed to solve the issues of the coastal wetland loss and degradation existing in this area.  相似文献   

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