建立和完善治污设施市场化运营体系

围绕环保治污设施建设、投入、运营、管理和规模化发展的需要，结合市场经济条件下环境保护工作的要求，从5个方面论述了环保治污设施市场化运营的特点和规律，提出了相应的具有可操作性的意见和建议，旨在使环保设施市场化运营体系走向规范和完善。     

石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫和循环流化床干法脱硫技术应用比较

对目前火电厂所用的石灰石—石膏湿法和循环流化床干法脱硫技术的原理和工艺进行了简单介绍,对石灰石—石膏湿法和循环流化床干法2种脱硫技术从运行技术参数、投资运行费用、脱硫效率、各自优缺点等几个方面做了简单比较,并对循环流化床法在新疆的应用前景进行了分析。     

双碱法烟气脱硫在供热行业的应用及减排效果

“十二五”期间,新疆面临控制新污染、解决老污染的双重压力,SO2总量控制任务十分艰巨。本文通过对新疆供热行业的现状分析,从经济、运行效果、投资、管理等方面进行双碱法烟气脱硫在供热行业应用的分析,提出在新疆推行供热行业烟气脱硫的可行性措施,为新疆“十二五”期间SO2减排工作建言献策。     

我国环保投资趋势及其存在的问题

对2005—2011年我国环保投资总额、构成及各地区投资情况进行分析,以揭示环保投资变化趋势及存在的问题,并提出改进建议。研究表明,我国环保投资总体呈增长趋势,但污染治理投资有效规模仍显不足;各地区环保投资差异性较大,东部地区环保投资比重高于中西部地区;环保投资主要集中在水、大气污染治理,受政策引导明显。     

甘肃省污染治理投资现状与预测

通过分布在全省十四个地，州，市的６６６套治理设施的调查，就治理资金来源，结构，投资重点及规模等问题进行了分析。并对２０００年环境治理资金需求进行了预测，提出了环保资金投入的中，高，低方案。     

不同规模造纸企业主要水污染物排放特征对比研究

造纸行业是废水污染物减排重点行业。以2011—2014年全国环境统计调查数据为基础,对不同规模造纸企业废水治理运行费用和绩效进行了分析,对COD、氨氮排放强度及减排潜力进行了对比。结果表明,不同规模企业污染治理与排放特征存在差异,大中型企业产排污强度低,废水治理投入大;若造纸行业企业全部达标排放,COD排放量在2014年水平上减排21.4%~47.2%,氨氮排放量降低27.7%。     

淮河水污染治理政策执行评估

淮河治污工程耗时数10年、直接投资达几百亿，但收效甚微。究其原因是当地政府与污水处理厂、企业之间盘根错节的利益格局决定了各方不会有效的去执行国家的治污政策。要想有效的执行治污政策，必须让政府与污水处理厂利益相互脱钩，政府要加强监管能力来杜绝企业偷排污染的行为，要搭建第三方监督平台来形成对政策执行的全方位监督。     

废水自动监测系统核查要点解析

在废水自动监测工作日益得到重视与普及的背景下,一些企业存在侥幸心理,不严格按规范运行废水自动监测系统,导致监测结果失去真实性。因此,监测人员应针对相应情况,提高监测能力,保证监测结果的真实性。文章分别从现场核查内容、相关材料、在线监测设备运行、治污设施运行工况四个方面,详细说明废水自动监测过程中要注意的关键点,并重点阐述了废水自动监测系统核查的内容和要点,列举了一些核查实例进行解析。     

连续采样与五日法采样效果及费用的对比分析

通过对连续采样与五日法采样五种方法监测结果及所需费用的比较，得出连续采样方法监测结果更具有代表性，合理性，一次性投资大，但运行费用并不高的结论。     

水污染源在线监测系统常见问题及核查方法研究

在近两年环保执法检查和调研的基础上,归纳了水污染源在线监测系统在采样、分析、数据采集传输和运行维护等方面常见的问题,进行分析,逐一提出核查方法,为现场核查提供参考,有利于水污染源在线监测系统的应用。     

我国环境污染治理投资的发展及存在问题

环境污染治理投资对于改善我国环境状况,遏制环境污染发展趋势具有重要作用.在界定了环境污染治理投资统计范围之后对我国环境污染治理投资的发展历程、投资结构进行了具体分析,其中重点分析了我国工业污染源治理投资的发展过程和投资结构,总结了我国环境污染治理投资存在的问题,以供决策部门参考.     

Environmental assessment and investment strategies of provincial industrial sector in China — Analysis based on DEA model

As an energy-intensive industry, the industrial sector consumes 70% of energy consumption and causes serious environmental pollution in China. Also, the government emphasized the promotion of R&D investment in the industrial sector in China's National Plan on Climate Change (2014–2020). It is meaningful and contributes to assessing energy and environmental performance, as well as R&D and industrial pollution control (IPC) investment strategies of China's industrial sector. A non-radial DEA model, as with natural and managerial disposability, was adopted to evaluate this from provincial and regional perspectives during the 2008–2012 period. Energy and environmental performance was evaluated by unified efficiency under natural disposability (UEN), unified efficiency under managerial disposability (UEM), and unified efficiency under natural and managerial disposability (UENM). The empirical results indicated that Shandong and Hainan were efficient under natural and managerial disposability, while other provinces had the potential to improve their energy and environmental performance. The number of provinces that was fit for investments of R&D and IPC increased from 2008 to 2010, then decreased in 2011 and 2012. In spite of this, many provincial industrial sectors should make efforts to reduce pollution by investment on technology. Tianjin, Heilongjiang, Jiangxi and Henan were especially the best investment objects because investments of R&D and IPC turned to be effective for them during the whole study period. Moreover, western China had the highest average UENM, followed by eastern China and central China. Eastern China and central China were rewarding to expand investments. Coal consumption was the main factor to negatively affect unified efficiency whereas the increase in economic development level was primarily responsible for the improvement of unified efficiency. According to the results, differentiated suggestions to further improve energy and environmental performance were proposed.     

How does environmental pollution erode political trust in China? A multilevel analysis

The impacts of environmental pollution extend beyond the issue of health. Using Chinese survey and administrative data, this study sheds new light on the political costs of environmental pollution. We show that citizens' trust in government officials declines significantly with higher levels of measured pollution, perceptions of increased pollution, and a greater degree of willingness to support environmental protection. Political trust is particularly low when measured as well as perceived pollution are severe. However, the effect of greater willingness to support environmental protection on the erosion of political trust is independent of measured pollution. Our findings suggest that there is a tipping point at which legitimacy acquired primarily through economic achievements could be undermined by environmental degradation, which is a byproduct of economic achievements. It is imperative for the Chinese government to achieve a balance between fast-paced growth and environmental sustainability, to pay attention to the potential political consequences of environmental issues, and to permit more public dialogues and deliberations on the topic of environmental governance.     

江苏省“十一五”环境质量状况及成因分析

结合江苏省“十一五”期间环境质量状况及变化情况,综合分析了环境空气、水环境、声环境质量及污染物排放状况.“十一五”期间,江苏省经济总量以13.5％的平均速度增长,社会、经济的快速发展给全省环境质量带来巨大的胁迫压力,资源能源消耗迅速攀升,“三废”产生总量持续增长;而由于加大了节能减排和环境治理投入力度,采取了一系列措施...     

Incorporating cleaner production analysis into environmental impact assessment in china

An environmental impact assessment (EIA) system was established in 1979 in China. Although EIA was designed as a tool for pollution prevention, in practice it has been based on end-of-pipe (EOP) treatment control since it was first introduced. This approach has ensured an overwhelming focus by enterprises on the use of EOP treatment, rather than pollution prevention, to meet environmental standards, and it has produced a low rate of operation for EOP facilities. The low operation rate for EOP facilities can be traced to the traditional EIA system: it leads project proponents to develop large EOP treatment facilities, but once the main production lines are put into operation, proponents rarely have sufficient funds to operate the treatment facilities. This paper analyzes problems that exist in the EIA system in China, and it describes the Cleaner Production Index and Evaluation System, which is being proposed by environmental authorities in China to evaluate EIA projects based on cleaner production criteria. The paper also suggests how cleaner production analysis can be integrated into the EIA system to improve it.     

Assessing the influence of urban transportation infrastructure construction on haze pollution in China: A case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

The construction of urban transportation infrastructure is bound to have an impact on air pollution. The purpose of this paper is to verify whether strengthening the construction of urban transportation infrastructure can reduce haze pollution. The core innovation of this paper is that the fixed asset investment of urban municipal public facilities and urban road areas are used as the proxy indicator of transportation infrastructure, which is rarely adopted in the existing literature. The relationship between transportation infrastructure and haze pollution is discussed, and the endogenous problems caused by variables omission are also considered. Based on the panel data of 13 prefecture-level cities of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region from 2005 to 2016, we use the slope index as the instrumental variable for urban transportation infrastructure, with the two-stage least squares method (2SLS) applied. The results suggest that: (i)increasing urban transportation infrastructure investment can significantly improve the air quality of the sample cities and mitigate haze pollution levels; (ii)After using the instrumental variable to alleviate endogenous bias, the inhibitory effect is more obvious; (iii)Compared with the fixed asset investment in the construction of public facilities, the increase of urban road area has a better effect on the improvement of haze pollution. What we learned from the conclusions is: traffic management department should strengthen the transportation infrastructure construction to realize the balance between urban construction and environmental protection.     

The asian development bank's role in promoting cleaner production in the people's republic of china

The People's Republic of China (PRC) has the fastest growing economy in the world and is the third largest producer and consumer of energy. At the same time, the PRC's industrial sector contributes heavily to air and water pollution. Because of the linkages between the production and use of energy and environmental degradation, the PRC, with the active support of bilateral and multilateral aid agencies, including the Asian Development Bank (ADB), is adopting measures that link economic growth to improvements in the environment. The PRC is pursuing a two-pronged strategy that involves implementing priority investment programs and promoting economic reforms. The ADB's experience shows that the concept of cleaner production (CP) has been widely accepted, but the widespread adoption of CP requires a new way of thinking and new management capacities. In this regard, the PRC is at an early stage of promoting CP, and inadequacies in coordination among relevant agencies remain a key obstacle. To support CP activities, the ADB is participating in a cluster of activities within China that include policy development, capacity building, and financing environmental investments. This article describes the ADB's current efforts to promote CP in PRC and analyzes the effectiveness of those efforts.     

关于核燃料循环建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测的思考

针对核燃料循环建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测活动中存在的问题作探讨,明确了验收监测活动的起点,建议加强验收监测方案编制的培训。指出应重视流出物的持续监测和环保设施运行效率的验证,验收监测方案应参考环评文件中的环境监测计划,结合设施运行后的现状合理编制,并重视与污染源项有关的其他监测问题。提出了进一步完善核燃料循环标准体系、持续加强环保验收能力建设等建议。     

灰色理论及其模型在北京典型城市区域声环境研究中的应用

以北京市某典型区域作为研究对象，在收集大量相关资料与实测历史噪声数据的基础上，对研究区域内的声环境质量影响因素进行灰色关联度分析，并运用灰色理论建立GM（1,1）模型进行预测。结果表明，影响城市区域声环境质量因素从大到小的排序依次为：机动车辆﹥常住人口数量﹥平均车流量﹥地区生产总值﹥城市道路桥梁﹥基础设施投资﹥治理噪声环保投资；以研究区域内噪声污染实测历史数据建立的GM（1,1）模型精度符合要求标准，根据GM（1,1）模型预测北京市“十二五”期间声环境质量达标且有轻微下降趋势。     

Mitigation Portfolio and Policy Instruments When Hedging Against Climate Policy and Technology Uncertainty

In this paper, we use a stochastic integrated assessment model to evaluate the effects of uncertainty about future carbon taxes and the costs of low-carbon power technologies. We assess the implications of such ambiguity on the mitigation portfolio under a variety of assumptions and evaluate the role of emission performance standards and renewable portfolios in accompanying a market-based climate policy. Results suggest that climate policy and technology uncertainties are important with varying effects on all abatement options. The effect varies with the technology, the type of uncertainty, and the level of risk. We show that carbon price uncertainty does not substantially change the level of abatement, but it does have an influence on the mitigation portfolio, reducing in particular energy R&D investments in advanced technologies. When investment costs are uncertain, investments are discouraged, especially during the early stages, but the effect is mitigated for the technologies with technological learning prospects. Overall, these insights support some level of regulation to encourage investments in coal equipped with carbon capture and storage and clean energy R&D.