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1.
选用4种方法测试污水处理厂的沉砂池、初沉池、曝气池、二沉池工艺段的氨气浓度、污水指标和氨气排放因子,结果表明:氨气排放浓度与污水中氨氮浓度及总氮浓度有较好的线性关系,氨气很大程度上来自水中氨氮或总氮的转化;其中挥发速率模型法现场实测获得的氨气排放因子最高,为0.919 g/m3。  相似文献   

2.
通过对上海市3家城镇污水处理厂主要污水处理工艺臭气收集处理装置进出口有组织排放和二沉池等敞开液面无组织排放氨采样,研究污水处理厂氨气排放特征,建立污水处理厂分季节本地化氨排放系数,并计算2019年上海市城镇污水厂氨排放量。结果表明:3家污水处理厂氨排放系数平均为4.8 mg/m3,其中污水处理环节氨排放系数为3.3 mg/m3,污泥处理环节氨排放系数为1.5 mg/m3。2019年上海市城镇污水处理厂氨排放量为10.3 t。  相似文献   

3.
通过对望塘污水处理厂的细格栅、厌氧池、曝气池、二沉池周边土壤及空气微生物测定,分析微生物分布状况,得知污水处理厂不同功能区域土壤和空气微生物含量随污水处理工艺的进行呈降低趋势。土壤和微生物鉴定结果表明,厂区土壤中微生物与普通土壤无明显差异,而空气微生物中含多种致病菌,形成的微生物气溶胶威胁人类健康。  相似文献   

4.
通过对望塘污水处理厂的细格栅、厌氧池、曝气池、二沉池周边土壤及空气微生物测定,分析微生物分布状况,得知污水处理厂不同功能区域土壤和空气微生物含量随污水处理工艺的进行呈降低趋势。土壤和微生物鉴定结果表明,厂区土壤中微生物与普通土壤无明显差异,而空气微生物中含多种致病菌,形成的微生物气溶胶威胁人类健康。  相似文献   

5.
南四湖表层沉积物中多氯联苯的空间分布特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用气相色谱-电子俘获检测(GC-ECD)方法对从南四湖湖区采集表层沉积物中的12种多氯联苯(PCBs)同系物进行了分析测定。PCBs的含量范围为7.84~42.8ng/g,主要以低氯代物为主。湖内各监测点位的PCBs浓度要高于入湖河口各监测点位;湖内各监测点位中,上级湖各点位的浓度要高于下级湖的点位。污染物来源分析表明,PCBs主要来自造纸漂白过程和焚烧炉排放。与类似水体相比,南四湖表层沉积物中PCBs含量属中低含量水平。整体而言,南四湖表层沉积物中PCBs的含量属于低生态风险水平。  相似文献   

6.
上海市秋季典型PM2.5污染过程数值预报分析   总被引:12,自引:5,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
基于2012年10月上海出现的一次典型PM2.5污染案例,验证评估上海市空气质量数值预报系统Model-3/CMAQ预报性能,采用过程分析技术,定量评估不同大气物理化学过程对上海代表性点位PM2.5浓度变化的作用规律。结果表明:Model-3/CMAQ模式系统能较好地反映PM2.5的浓度变化趋势与特点。对于上海市区点位(徐汇上师大)和东南部点位(奉贤海湾和浦东惠南),PM2.5浓度上升主要受本地源排放影响,其贡献比例超过40%,其次是区域大气传输作用的影响。对于西北部点位(崇明监测站和青浦淀山湖),区域大气传输是PM2.5浓度上升的主要原因,贡献比例超过70%,其次是源排放。各点位PM2.5浓度的主要去除途径均为大气传输,贡献比例均超过70%,其次是干沉降。气溶胶过程对PM2.5主要起二次颗粒物生成的作用,特别是市区及东南部点位,贡献比例较西北部点位更高。  相似文献   

7.
通过文献调研和数据搜集构建高碑店污水处理厂的基本信息库,利用GF-1/GF-2等高分辨率卫星遥感数据对2015年高碑店污水处理厂的运行状况进行动态监测。结果表明:GF-1号影像显示2015年2月16日和3月25日污水处理厂均有1个二沉池有藻类分布,疑似未正常投入使用;GF-2号影像显示9月2日污水处理厂有5个二沉池和部分曝气池的廊道有藻类分布,疑似未正常投入使用;3月和9月数据对比发现,西侧的8个污泥消化罐和3个污泥浓缩池均消失。该结果与临近时期的Google Earth影像显示情况相一致。  相似文献   

8.
采用预浓缩、气相色谱-质谱联用及脉冲火焰光度检测的方法对石化污水处理场排放的废气污染物进行了定性与定量分析,并采用相应的污染物排放标准及其人体感知嗅阈值进行了污染程度评价.结果表明,污水处理场在各个采样点位均有挥发性有机污染物和恶臭污染物检出,其中以污水进口最为严重.从检出物的浓度水平而言,苯系物和恶臭污染物均存在超标现象,而且检出的恶臭污染物浓度水平远高于人体感知嗅阈值.  相似文献   

9.
ADMS模型解析城区总悬浮颗粒物来源   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
以污染源排放数据为基础,应用ADMS-城市扩散模型模拟分析了鞍山市尘各污染源对空气环境质量的贡献。结果表明,来自污染源的浓度贡献值占总量的52%;二次尘及外来尘浓度贡献占48%;矿山开采二次尘的浓度贡献占16%;鞍钢炼铁厂的浓度贡献占19.6%;鞍钢化工总厂浓度贡献占5.6%;供暖锅炉浓度贡献占9.3%。低、中、高架源浓度贡献百分比分别为68.1%、29.0%、2.9%。低架源吨排放量浓度贡献为高架源的2.4倍。  相似文献   

10.
以某医药企业某产品生产过程为实例,综合各工段生产步骤、时间、废气产生情况及估算的污染物浓度等因素,绘制各污染因子排放规律图,从而确定各污染因子排放浓度(排放量)最大的1 h为最佳采样时机。  相似文献   

11.
依据污染源调查资料,采用距离法对克孜勒苏河喀什市段污染物的入河量进行估算。结果表明:污水处理厂排放口是克孜勒苏河喀什市段最主要的污染源,COD、NH3-N、TN、TP的排放量占研究区域总量的61%~83%;其次是豆腐厂总排口,4项指标占研究区域总排放量的17%~37%,也是该河段的主要污染源。两者各指标排放量之和均超过区域总量的98%。不同类型的污染源中,生活源COD、NH3-N、TN、TP的贡献率分别是工业源的2、5、4和1.6倍。  相似文献   

12.
The odour emission characteristics of 22 recreational rivers in Nanjing were investigated and analysed. Eight odorous compounds (ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon disulphide (CS2), nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2), aniline (C6H5NH2), dimethylamine (C2H7N), and formaldehyde (HCHO)) were measured in odour emission samples collected using a custom-made emission flux hood chamber. The results showed that all odorants were detected in all monitoring rivers. NH3 was the main odorant, with emission rates ranging from 4.86 to 15.13 μg/min m2. The total odour emission rate of the Nan River, at 1 427.07 OU/s, was the highest of the all investigated rivers. H2S, NH3 and nitrobenzene were three key odour emission contributors according to their contributions to the total odour emission. A correlation analysis of the pollutants showed there was a significant positive correlation between the emission rate of NH3 and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N) and total nitrogen (TN). The H2S and SO2 emission rates had a significant positive correlation with sulphides (S2?) and available sulphur (AS) in the water and sediment. The content of TN, NH4 +-N, S2? and AS in the water and sediment affected the concentration of H2S, SO2 and NH3 in the emission gases. NH4 +-N, S2? and AS are suggested as the key odour control indexes for reducing odours emitted from these recreational rivers. The study provides useful information for effective pollution control, especially for odour emission control for the recreational rivers of the city. It also provides a demonstrate example to show how to monitor and assess a contaminated river when odour emission and its control need to be focused on.  相似文献   

13.
北京市主要水污染物排放特征及水质改善对策   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
污染排放信息是环境决策的重要依据。分析了北京市水环境质量的现状,基于最新源排放清单,解析北京市当前主控污染物COD、氨氮排放的结构特征和空间特征,以期为北京市开展基于流域综合治理的水污染控制和水环境管理提供依据。按照工业源、农业源、生活源和集中处理设施的环境统计口径,2013年,COD、氨氮的排放构成分别为2.7%、37.1%、35.0%、25.3%和1.5%、20.1%、54.8%、23.6%。其中,农业源中畜禽养殖排放是主要来源,COD、氨氮总排放分别占农业源总排放量的94.7%和87.0%。在北京市五大水系中,北运河流域排放量最大,COD、氨氮排放量分别占全市总排放量的53.3%和57.4%。为改善北京市水环境质量,建议从加快污水处理厂提标改造、推动面源污染治理、加强水利联通、合理规划城市规模布局等4个方面入手。  相似文献   

14.
The study was designed to understand the emissions of ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from a single cattle urination event on a tropical grassland and underline the significance of the emissions in the context of huge animal population grazing on large pasture areas in some countries. Emissions of ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were monitored for three weeks from a tropical grassland (dominated by Cynodon dactylon Pers.) microcosm contaminated with cow and buffalo urine. The grassland microcosms were treated with urine (50 and 100 ml of each) only once and irrigated with water once every week. Ammonia was sampled by an automatic sampling system comprising of a vacuum pump, three-way stopcocks and rubber tubing and an impinger containing suitable absorbing solution (H2SO4), connected to the tubing suitably. The sampled gas, after sucked by the vacuum pump and absorbed in H2SO4, was allowed to enter the closed microcosm again maintaining internal pressure of the microcosm. Carbon dioxide was sampled by absorption in an alkali (NaOH) trap inside the microcosm. Both NH3 and CO2 emissions were highly variable temporally and there was no continuous increasing or decreasing emission trend with time. Respectively, 45 and 46% of total NH3-N were emitted within first 48 h from 50 and 100 ml cow urine application while the corresponding values for buffalo urine were 34 and 32%. Total NH3-N emissions, integrated for sampling days (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 15, 18 and 21st) were 11 and 6% in cow and 8 and 5% in buffalo urine, of the total-N added through 50 and 100 ml urine samples. Carbon dioxide emissions were standardized at 25 C by using a suitable formula which were lower than actual emissions at actual soil temperature (> 25 C). Carbon dioxide emission rates were classified on the basis of soil repiratory classification and classes ranged from moderately low soil activity up to unusually high soil activity, the latter observed only on very few sampling days. Grasses in the microcosm had shown appreciable growth after urine application. Although variable and somewhat unpredictable, emissions were appreciable and that too only from a patch of single urination, indicating to the huge magnitude of total emissions under the scenario of thousands of cattle grazing on hundreds of acres of grasslands in a tropical country.  相似文献   

15.
污水处理厂氮排放特征   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
为了更好地掌握污水处理厂运行和排放情况,在全国南方、北方分别选取3个省共11个城市122家污水处理厂,于2013年8—10月进行了专项监测。结果表明:75?4%的污水处理厂氨氮出水质量浓度小于2 mg/L,氨氮平均去除率达90?2%,但总氮的平均去除率仅为55?5%,污水处理厂排水中仍存在较多非氨氮形态的氮污染进入环境。氨氮排放达标的污水处理厂中,有约20%的总氮排放未达标。65?5%的污水处理厂出水氨氮占总氮的比例低于10%,而84?4%的污水处理厂进水中氨氮占总氮的比例高于50%。总氮是影响污水处理厂达标排放的主要污染因子。  相似文献   

16.
杭州市大气污染物排放清单及特征   总被引:15,自引:9,他引:6  
以杭州市区为研究区域,通过调查整合多套污染源数据库及其他统计资料,研究文献报道及模型计算的各种污染源排放因子,获得杭州市区各行业PM10、PM2.5、SO2、NOx、CO、VOCs、NH3等污染物的排放量,建立了杭州市区2010年1 km×1 km大气污染物排放清单。结果表明,2010年杭州市区PM10、PM2.5、SO2、NOx、CO、VOCs和NH3的排放总量分别为7.96×104、4.02×104、7.23×104、8.98×104、73.90×104、39.56×104、3.32×104t。从排放源的行业分布来看,机动车尾气排放是杭州市区大气污染物最重要排放源之一,对PM10、PM2.5、NOx、CO和VOCs的贡献分别达到14.4%、27.1%、40.3%、21.4%、31.1%。道路扬尘、电厂锅炉、工业炉窑、植被、畜禽养殖对不同污染物分别有着重要贡献,道路扬尘对PM10和PM2.5的贡献分别为44.6%和20.0%、电厂锅炉对SO2和NOx的贡献分别为37.0%和25.7%、工业炉窑对CO的贡献为41.5%、植被排放对VOCs的贡献为27.1%、畜禽养殖对NH3的贡献为76.5%。从空间分布来看,萧山区和余杭区对SO2、NH3和植被排放BVOC的贡献要显著高于主城区;而主城区机动车对PM2.5、NOx和VOCs的贡献分别达到36.3%、56.0%和47.4%,较市区范围内显著增加,表明机动车尾气排放已成为杭州主城区大气污染最重要的来源之一。  相似文献   

17.
Wastewater reuse can significantly reduce environmental pollution and save the water sources. The study selected Cheng-Ching Lake water treatment plant in southern Taiwan to discuss the feasibility of wastewater recycling and treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment units. The treatment units of this plant include wastewater basin, sedimentation basin, sludge thickener and sludge dewatering facility. In this study, the treatment efficiency of SS and turbidity were 48.35–99.68% and 24.15–99.36%, respectively, showing the significant removal efficiency of the wastewater process. However, the removal efficiencies of NH3–N, total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are limited by wastewater treatment processes. Because NH3–N, TOC and COD of the mixing supernatant and raw water are regulated raw water quality standards, supernatant reuse is feasible and workable during wastewater processes at this plant. Overall, analytical results indicated that supernatant reuse is feasible.  相似文献   

18.
北京市废弃物处理温室气体排放特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于《2006年IPCC国家温室气体清单指南》推荐的方法,结合《省级温室气体清单编制指南(试行)》和《城市温室气体核算工具指南》的部分数据与核算范围,针对固体废弃物填埋、焚烧和废水处理等过程,核算了北京市2005-2014年废弃物处理过程中温室气体总排放量。结果表明:2005-2014年北京市废弃物处理过程温室气体总排放量呈逐渐上升趋势,2014年温室气体总排放量比2005年增长98%。10年间,固体废弃物填埋过程一直是最主要的温室气体排放源,到2014年排放量达到最大,为416.3×104t二氧化碳当量(CO2e)。废弃物填埋、废水处理和废弃物焚烧过程占总排放量的比例分别为78.5%(CO2e质量分数,下同)、13.5%和8%。结合已有研究,系统优化国内7个典型城市废弃物处理温室气体排放因子,核算7个城市排放情况,并对比分析了北京市排放情况。  相似文献   

19.
重庆市主城区农业源氨排放研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
对重庆主城区畜禽养殖业氨(NH3)排放因子进行了本地化修正,估算了农业源NH3排放量。主城区农业源年排放NH38 482 t,其中化肥施用NH3排放量最大,占总排放量的66.7%;畜牧养殖业占26.3%;农作物释放占6.9%。巴南区农业源NH3排放量最大,占主城区排放总量的41%,渝中区为零排放。主城区农业源NH3排放强度为1 552.1kg/km2,大渡口区排放强度最高。主城区畜禽养殖业NH3排放比例低于全国平均水平,化肥施用NH3排放比例高于全国平均水平,但与全国农业源NH3排放结构类似。  相似文献   

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