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江苏省突发性环境污染事故应急监测支持系统建设框架 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
阐述了江苏省突发性环境污染事故应急监测支持系统的建设原则、总体目标和建设内容。提出突发性环境污染事故应急监测支持系统建设的总体目标是 :建立突发性环境污染事故的应急监测风险源动态档案 ,建立应急监测的组织保障系统和应急监测的技术支持系统 相似文献
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介绍了质谱技术在环境突发性事故应急监测中的应用,通过分析化工仓库爆炸应急监测和水厂污染事故调查监测两个实际案例,指出质谱技术能提供准确的定性定量结果,是环境突发性事故应急监测强有力的手段和工具. 相似文献
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水库型河流锰污染应急监测技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以贵州和湖南的跨省锰污染事故为例,详细阐述了该污染事故开展应急监测的全过程,并就水库型河流锰污染事故应急监测方案、分析技术选择、监测力量配置、质量控制等内容进行探讨,并总结了应急监测的技术和管理经验。 相似文献
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2019年3月21日,盐城市响水县陈家港化工园区的江苏天嘉宜化工有限公司发生爆炸事故,江苏省环境监测力量于事故发生后第一时间奔赴现场开展应急监测。通过收集和整理事故发生后环境应急监测工作的详细开展过程、事故现场污染物浓度变化数据,评估了事故应急处置期间污染物对周边环境的影响情况;通过对应急监测的工作措施进行简要分析,总结了应急监测工作在突发性环境污染事件中的作用与影响;指出该事故中监测机构应急监测技术能力的瓶颈和不足,并从根本上为提高应急监测能力提出建议。 相似文献
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徐宗仁 《环境监测管理与技术》1991,3(4):44-45
搞好水污染事故监测,对于促进污染源的治理,保护水域生态环境,促进社会稳定,保证经济持续稳定发展有着极其重要的意义.但水污染事故的现场监测难度较大,其监测结果,又是事故处理的依据,如何及时、准确地确定水污染事故的污染物和污染源,乃水污染事故现场监测的关键.一、必须及时确定污染物首先,对水污染事故的监测要立即进行.由于水体是一个错综复杂的动态系统, 相似文献
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为了科学地监测调查死鱼事故,在研究实践基础上,探讨了死鱼事故的监测调查准备工作,现场采样观测项目内容和分工以及各种监测手段的运用程序等。指出,抓住死鱼症状,系统有序地监测调查和试验是准确处理死鱼事故的关键。 相似文献
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环境污染事故应急监测的对策 总被引:11,自引:4,他引:7
提出环境污染事故应急监测应分为环境污染事故发生时和环境污染事故发生后两大类,当环境污染事故发生时,主要污染物是以气体状态存在,当环境污染事故发生后,污染的是水体、土壤及生物等环境样品,并对其中6个类型污染事故发生时的应急监测作了阐述。 相似文献
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Granger SJ Bol R Dixon L Naden PS Old GH Marsh JK Bilotta G Brazier R White SM Haygarth PM 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2010,12(5):1159-1169
A study was undertaken on drained and undrained 1 ha grassland lysimeters to assess the effectiveness of multiple novel tracing techniques in understanding how agricultural slurry waste moves from land to water. Artificial fluorescent particles designed to mimic the size and density of organic slurry particles were found to move off the grassland via inter-flow (surface + lateral through-flow) and drain-flow. Where both pathways were present the drains carried the greater number of particles. The results of the natural fluorescence and δ13C of water samples were inconclusive. Natural fluorescence was higher from slurry-amended lysimeters than from zero-slurry lysimeters, however, a fluorescence decay experiment suggested that no slurry signal should be present given the time between slurry application and the onset of drainage. The δ13C values of >0.7 microm and <0.7 microm material in drainage were varied and unrelated to discharge. The mean value of >0.7 microm δ13C in water from the drain-flow pathways was higher from the lysimeter which had received naturally enriched maize slurry compared to the lysimeter which received grass slurry indicating a contribution of slurry-derived material. Values of <0.7 microm δ13C from the same pathway, however, produced counter intuitive trends and may indicate that different fractions of the slurry have different δ13C values. 相似文献
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Transportation system has contributed significantly to the development of human civilization; on the other hand it has an
enormous impact on the ambient air quality in several ways. In this paper the air and noise pollution at selected sites along
three sections of National Highway was monitored. Pakistan National Highway Authority has started a Highway Improvement
program for rehabilitations and maintenance of National highways to improve the traffic flows, and would ultimately improve
the air quality along highways. The ambient air quality and noise level was monitored at nine different locations along these
sections of highways to quantify the air pollution. The duration of monitoring at individual location was 72 h. The most of
the sampling points were near the urban or village population, schools or hospitals, in order to quantify the air pollution
at most affected locations along these roads. A database consisting of information regarding the source of emission, local
metrology and air quality may be created to assess the profile of air quality in the area. 相似文献
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The sensitivity of the United States Forest Health Monitoring network to outbreaks of defoliating insects was examined by means of a simulation study. A model constructed specifically for the study was used to generate a wide variety of defoliation patterns in forested landscapes. Forest configuration was that of Minnesota, USA, as expressed by the GAP land cover classification. Combinations of model parameters were based on a Latin Hypercube sample. The relationship between the average number of plots defoliated and outbreak characteristics was then examined via multiple regression. Both theoretical and model results pointed to a strong, linear relationship between the average number of plots defoliated and outbreak size. Model results provided additional insight, suggesting a significant relationship between the average number of plots defoliated and other outbreak characteristics after outbreak size was taken into account. 相似文献
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Nowadays an increasing attention of public and private agencies to the sustainability performance of events is observed, since it is recognized as a key issue in the context of sustainable development. Assessing the sustainability performance of events involves environmental, social and economic aspects; their impacts are complex and a quantitative assessment is often difficult. This paper presents a new quali-quantitative method developed to measure the sustainability of events, taking into account all its potential impacts. The 2014 World Orienteering Championship, held in Italy, was selected to test the proposed evaluation methodology. The total carbon footprint of the event was 165.34 tCO2eq and the avoided emissions were estimated as being 46 tCO2eq. The adopted quali-quantitative method resulted to be efficient in assessing the sustainability impacts and can be applied for the evaluation of similar events. 相似文献
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底栖动物是水生态系统的重要组成部分,其群落特征通常用来评价水生态环境质量。研究了2012—2019年松花江干流水生态环境质量状况、变化趋势,并应用冗余分析(RDA)探究底栖动物群落结构特征与水环境因子之间的响应关系。结果表明:8年间共鉴定出底栖动物246个分类单元,隶属于4门、9纲、25目、58科、69属,其中水生昆虫的EPT物种为99个分类单元,占总物种数的40.24%;水生昆虫的其他物种为68个分类单元,占总物种数的27.64%;软体动物为36个分类单元,占总物种数的14.63%;环节动物为25个分类单元,占总物种数的10.16%;甲壳动物为18个分类单元,占总物种数的7.32%。底栖动物密度总体呈上升趋势,种类组成总体有所增多,其中环节动物、软体动物和甲壳动物有向水生昆虫转变的趋势,群落结构相对稳定且主要以水生昆虫占比最多,底栖动物密度平均值为5.97×103个/m2,变化范围为2.86×103~8.98×103个/m2,优势科(属)主要为小蜉属Ephemerella、小寡脉蜉属Oligoneuriella、扁蜉属Heptagenia、等蜉属Isonychia、纹石蛾科Hydropsychidae、缺叉多距石蛾属Polycentropus、摇蚊科Chironomidae和圆田螺属Cipangopaludina等。生物指数评价结果多数为"中等"及以上,评价结果趋于稳定,且下游评价结果好于上游。松花江干流的水环境质量变化阶段性明显,溶解氧含量升高,氨氮呈下降趋势,其余指标呈波动变化。冗余分析(RDA)结果表明:影响松花江干流底栖动物群落结构变化的主要环境因子是随时间推移而变化的,其中溶解氧、生化需氧量、化学需氧量、总磷、氨氮和总氮等指标是影响该监测区域底栖动物群落分布的重要环境因子。 相似文献
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D.S. Lee R.D. Kingdon M.E. Jenkin A. Webster 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2000,5(2):105-118
In order to understand relationships between sources and receptors of atmospheric deposition, computer models must be used.
This paper describes a Lagrangian acid deposition model that represents emissions of trace species across Northern Europe.
The chemistry of sulphur dioxide, dimethyl sulphide and hydrogen sulphide is represented and the model tested against estimates
of UK wet and dry deposition. Mean UK wet and dry deposition for the period 1992–1994 was 206 and 145 ktonne S yr-1, respectively. The model predicted wet and dry deposition of 222 and 166 ktonne S yr-1, in good agreement with measurements. The model has been used to examine the sources of deposited S to the UK. For a base
year of 1992, 86% of the UK's SO2 emissions are exported. The S deposition attributable from mainland European sources was 36% of the UK total S deposition,
in good agreement with other UK models but this differs substantially from the calculations of the EMEP model. Natural sources
of S deposition from planktonic emissions of dimethyl sulphide, biological emissions of hydrogen sulphide and non-eruptive
volcanic emissions of sulphur dioxide contributed approximately 1% of the modelled UK S deposition, of which 95% originated
from dimethyl sulphide. The explicit chemical scheme for dimethyl sulphide incorporated into the model showed that 24% of
the resultant deposited S was methane sulphonic acid. Boundary conditions of the model were tested and it was found that initialisation
of sulphur dioxide and sulphate concentrations to representative ambient conditions had a very small effect. The modelled
contribution of UK and European sources to UK S deposition was approximately 40 and 60%, respectively, showing the dramatic
change arising from projected UK SO2 emissions in 2010.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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太湖氮磷大气干湿沉降时空特征 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为了探索太湖氮磷营养盐干湿沉降特征及对太湖营养盐输入的贡献,于2011年不同季节采集太湖不同位点的大气干湿沉降样品,分析干湿沉降中氮(N)和磷(P)的形态和沉降量。研究结果表明,输入太湖的磷以干沉降为主,而氮以湿沉降为主。在太湖干沉降中总无机氮(TIN)占总氮(TN)的77.1%,溶解性磷(DIP)占总磷(TP)的77.9%。干沉降中TIN主要以NH+4-N为主。西太湖是TN与TP通过大气干湿沉降输入太湖的最高湖区。太湖全年大气TN沉降总量为20 978 t,TP沉降总量为1 268 t,因此,氮磷大气干湿沉降是太湖营养盐输入的重要来源之一。 相似文献
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Chiasson A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,149(1-4):53-59
A resampling technique (bootstrapping) was used to evaluate the effects of increasing sample number on the confidence limits of mean density and the mean number of taxa (Families) in addition to the performance of four different sampling devices used to collect macroinvertebrates in three streams of contrasting anthropogenic impact. The four sampling devices were a Hess sampler, a modified Hess sampler equipped with an internal water pump, a Surber sampler, and a two-pole kick-net. In general, confidence limits decreased predictably as the number of samples increased, most notably with the addition of a third sample. The density of organisms captured with the Surber sampler was significantly lower than that of the Hess sampler but greater than that of the kick-net sampler. No significant difference in the number of Families was found among sampling devices. Based upon a minimal 10% reduction in confidence limits compared to the previous sample, a minimum of four replicates was suggested when using the Surber sampler. In general, other methods required a greater number of replicates that the Surber to adequately represent density, but this did not hold when applied to the number of taxa. Despite the inconvenience of having to bend down to use the Surber sampler, this study found no evidence to reject its apparent popularity as a sampling method for macroinvertebrates. 相似文献