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1.
杭州市环境空气中二噁英类物质检测与分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了解二噁英类物质(PCDD/Fs)在环境空气中污染现状及不同季节不同时段浓度、组成和存在形式等的变化情况,于夏、冬两季对杭州西湖区空气中PCDD/Fs进行了采样分析。结果表明,空气中PCDD/Fs毒性当量浓度与国内其他城市(北京、上海、广州)相近,夏、冬两季空气中PCDD/Fs质量浓度和毒性当量浓度分别为4.92 pg/m3、0.34 I-TEQ pg/m3和4.51 pg/m3、0.40 I-TEQ pg/m3,夏季PCDD/Fs毒性当量浓度略低于冬季;在分时段采样检测结果中,晚间空气中PCDD/Fs质量浓度和毒性当量浓度均高于白天空气中的PCDD/Fs浓度;夏季样品中TCDD/Fs、PeCDD/Fs主要以气相的形式存在,HpCDD/Fs、OCDD/F主要以颗粒相的形式存在,冬季样品中PCDD/Fs主要以颗粒相形式存在。  相似文献   

2.
利用同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱(HRGC/HRMS)的分析方法研究了东北某钢铁厂及其周围生活区、背景对照区土壤中二噁和多氯联苯污染物的污染水平和分布规律。结果表明,土壤中二噁的浓度和毒性当量分别为26pg/g(6.02~109pg/g)、0.72pg I-TEQ g-1(0.008~5.43pg I-TEQ g-1)。土壤中多氯联苯的浓度为955pg/g(268~3504pg/g),毒性当量值达0.07pg TEQ g-1(0.006~0.33pg TEQ g-1)。该区域土壤中的二噁和多氯联苯浓度明显低于一般国家居住地的土壤控制标准,处于较低的污染水平。  相似文献   

3.
利用同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱(HRGC/HRMS)的分析方法研究了东北某钢铁厂及其周围生活区、背景对照区土壤中二噁和多氯联苯污染物的污染水平和分布规律。结果表明,土壤中二噁的浓度和毒性当量分别为26pg/g(6.02~109pg/g)、0.72pg I-TEQ g-1(0.008~5.43pg I-TEQ g-1)。土壤中多氯联苯的浓度为955pg/g(268~3504pg/g),毒性当量值达0.07pg TEQ g-1(0.006~0.33pg TEQ g-1)。该区域土壤中的二噁和多氯联苯浓度明显低于一般国家居住地的土壤控制标准,处于较低的污染水平。  相似文献   

4.
2021年对济南市大气PM2.5中17种2,3,7,8氯取代二(口恶)英(PCDD/Fs)污染现状进行监测。对其异构体分布、指示性单体、季节变化规律等特征及其与常规污染物相关性进行了分析。结果表明:大气PM2.5中PCDD/Fs浓度范围和年平均值分别为0.157~1.595 pg/m3和0.785 pg/m3,而毒性当量(以I-TEQ计)范围和年平均值分别为0.009~0.116 pg TEQ/m3和0.052 pg TEQ/m3。PCDD/Fs浓度与毒性当量季节变化特征显著,均呈现出冬季>春季>秋季>夏季的情况,可能由季节性排放源和气象条件不同导致。不同季节PCDD/Fs异构体分布模式一致,主要由高氯代(1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF、OCDD、OCDF和1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD)单体组成;而对毒性当量贡献最大的单体是2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF,其与总毒性当量具有较好的相关性。同时,PCDD/Fs浓度与SO2、NO2、PM2.5等大气常规污染物呈显著正相关。这表明,大气PM2.5中PCDD/Fs与常规污染物的生成和排放密切相关。  相似文献   

5.
2004年夏季在广州四个不同区域采集大气颗粒物样品,参照美国环保局(US EPA)标准方法测定其中二噁的含量,采用热分解光学分析法测定元素碳和有机碳的含量。结果表明,花都、荔湾、天河、黄埔大气颗粒物中二噁浓度(毒性当量)平均值分别为3815fg/m3(104.6fg I-TEQ/m3)、12777fg/m3(430.5fg I-TEQ/m3)、6963fg/m3(163.7fg I-TEQ/m3)、10953fg/m3(769.3fg I-TEQ/m3)。简单地分析了广州大气颗粒物中二噁的含量特征,以及与元素碳、有机碳之间的相关性。  相似文献   

6.
广州某观测点春季大气样品中二NFDA1英日均浓度变化分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在广州某商住区楼顶开展为期1个月的大气样品连续采样,利用高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱仪测定了样品中17种毒性二 NFDA1 英(PCDD/Fs)的含量。结果表明,该采样点位样品二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度范围为0.094~1.34 pg I-TEQ/m3,样品日平均浓度相对偏差范围为3.2%~118.8%,6日平均浓度相对偏差范围为1.2%~60.1%,6日平均值更能较好地反映样品长期平均浓度。气象变化对样品中二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度有明显影响,降雨后样品中的二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度明显低于降雨前,降雨前或降雨中样品的二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度与降雨后样品比值最高达到9.0,样品二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度与PM2.5的线性相关性高于其与TSP、温度相关性,上述三者的r值和P值分别为0.637、-0.296、0.271和0.611、0.326、0.329。  相似文献   

7.
为了解上海市崇明岛农用土壤中二噁英类化合物(PCDD/Fs)现状水平及其来源,于2021年6-7月采集上海市崇明岛31个农业土壤样品,采用同位素稀释法测定样品中17种2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs的含量,并且对其现状水平、异构体特征以及来源进行初步分析。结果表明,31个土壤样品中均检出PCDD/Fs,质量分数为88.14~356.55 pg/g,对应毒性当量为0.64~2.20 pg I-TEQ/g,统计频率分析发现呈右侧拖尾的偏态分布,中位数为1.05 pg I-TEQ/g。经过比较,崇明岛农用土壤属于典型的背景土壤,土壤中二噁英类物质的污染属于较低水平。利用主成分分析(PCA)和正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)对可能的来源进行分析,结果显示上海市崇明岛农业土壤中PCDD/Fs的主要来源为五氯酚(PCP)、水稻秸秆烟(RSS)和交通源(TS),占比分别为61.6%,23.2%和15.2%。结合采样地理位置推断,上海市崇明岛农业土壤中PCDD/Fs可能受到来自崇明岛自身农耕以及交通等因素的影响。  相似文献   

8.
为了获取上海环境大气中二噁英类化合物(PCDD/Fs)的浓度水平、季节和空间变化,评估上海地区人群PCDD/Fs呼吸暴露风险,选取上海16个行政区域中44个市级环境大气监控点作为采样点位,利用被动采样技术采集2019年夏、冬季大气样品共83个,分析了其中17种2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs的浓度。结果表明:(1)2019年上海大气中PCDD/Fs的质量浓度为136~3 939 fg/m3,对应的毒性当量浓度为11.84~94.9 fg WHO2005-TEQ/m3;(2)上海冬季大气中PCDD/Fs毒性当量浓度(13.3~94.9 fg WHO2005-TEQ/m3)高于夏季(11.84~78.52 fg WHO2005-TEQ/m3)。上海郊区由于受工业生产影响,PCDD/Fs平均毒性当量浓度(夏季: 40.7 fg WHO2005- TEQ/m3; 冬季:57.4 fg WHO2005-TEQ/m3)高于中心城区(夏季: 28.5 fg WHO2005-TEQ/m3; 冬季:38.6 fg WHO2005-TEQ/m3);(3)中心城区人群PCDD/Fs呼吸暴露量[成人:6.82 fg WHO2005-TEQ/(kg·d);儿童:13.7 fg WHO2005-TEQ/(kg·d)]小于郊区[成人:19.17 fg WHO2005-TEQ/(kg·d);儿童:18.4 fg WHO2005-TEQ/(kg·d)]。儿童呼吸暴露量高于成人。经对比,上海城市背景区域居民PCDD/Fs呼吸暴露风险低于上海垃圾焚烧厂周边居民,且都远低于人体PCDD/Fs每日耐受量[4 pg WHO2005-TEQ/(kg·d)]的10%,表明上海地区居民PCDD/Fs呼吸暴露风险处于可接受水平。  相似文献   

9.
珠三角地区造纸行业排水中二 NFDA1 英(PCDD/Fs)特征分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究采用13C同位素内标稀释定量法,高分辨气相色谱质谱法(HRGC-HRMS)对珠三角地区造纸行业排水中PCDD/Fs特征进行了分析。结果表明,该地区造纸行业PCDD/Fs含量为:4.75~80.05 pg/L,且以OCDD占主导地位;同时该类行业PCDD/Fs的TEQ为:0.21~2.02 pg TEQ/L。最后通过对该类行业排水中PCDD/Fs的TEQ年排放量进行讨论,其结果为0.30~12.97 mg TEQ,且年平均排放量(4.42 mgTEQ)只占我国造纸行业TEQ总排放量的很小一部分。  相似文献   

10.
为了研究北京大气颗粒物和二■英(PCDD/Fs)的污染状况以及评估交通限行对大气颗粒物和PCDD/Fs的影响。利用同位素稀释高分辨率气相色谱/高分辨率质谱(HRGC/HRMS)联用法和USEPA 1613B标准方法,以中国地质大学(北京)东门为采样点,采集大气PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、TSP样品,对北京市交通限行期间以及交通限行前后等不同交通状况下颗粒物浓度及大气PM_(2.5)中17种2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs污染特征进行了监测。结果表明,PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、TSP的日均质量浓度在交通限行前分别为126、202、304μg/m~3,限行期间分别为39、78、93μg/m~3,限行结束后分别为79、126μg/m~3。PM_(2.5)中17种PCDD/Fs的质量浓度(毒性浓度) 3个时段分别为1 804 fg/m~3(70 fg I-TEQ/m~3)、252 fg/m~3(9 fg I-TEQ/m~3)和1 196 fg/m~3(48 fg I-TEQ/m~3)。北京市交通限行期间颗粒物浓度和二■英浓度显著低于交通限行前后,交通源减排措施的实施是大气颗粒物和二■英污染水平降低的主要原因,从减排效果看,交通源减排措施对大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))的控制效果明显好于大气粗颗粒物。  相似文献   

11.
依据2009年7月至2012年2月连续3年对杭州城区环境空气中二英(PCDD/Fs)采样分析结果得知,杭州城区环境空气中二英毒性当量质量浓度变化范围为0.13~0.55 pg TEQ/m3,均值为0.34 pg TEQ/m3。城区环境空气中二英浓度季节变化不显著,夏季略低于冬季;城区范围内不同功能区之间二英浓度差别不显著;连续3年监测结果未显现二英年度变化趋势。沙尘暴天气环境空气中二英浓度显著增高,日常天气和烟花爆竹集中燃放天气环境空气中二英形态分布存在明显区别,烟花爆竹集中燃放期间八氯代二苯并-对-二英(OCDD)占总质量浓度比例显著提高。利用IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0统计软件对24个监测结果聚类分析发现,杭州城区环境空气中二英的同类物分布具有明显的“源”分布特征。  相似文献   

12.
The soils at a factory for manufacturing pentachlorophenol were heavily contaminated by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). In order to verify the contributions of dry and wet deposition of PCDD/Fs from the ambient air, the concentration of PCDD/Fs in ambient air and soil were measured, the partition of particle- and gas-phases of atmospheric PCDD/Fs was calculated, and the annual fluxes of total dry and wet PCDD/F depositions were modeled. Average atmospheric PCDD/F concentration was 1.24 ng Nm???3 (or 0.0397 ng I-TEQ Nm???3). Moreover, over 92.8% of total PCDD/Fs were in the particle phase, and the dominant species were high chlorinated congeners. The total PCDD/F fluxes of dry and wet deposition were 119.5 ng m???2 year???1 (1.34 ng I-TEQ m???2 year???1) and 82.0 ng m???2 year???1 (1.07 ng I-TEQ m???2 year???1), respectively. By scenario simulation, the total fluxes of dry and wet PCDD/F depositions were 87.1 and 68.6 ng I-TEQ, respectively. However, the estimated PCDD/F contents in the contaminated soil were 839.9 ?? g I-TEQ. Hence, the contributions of total depositions of atmospheric PCDD/F were only 0.02%. The results indicated that the major sources of PCDD/F for the contaminated soil could be attributed to the pentachlorophenol manufacturing process.  相似文献   

13.
广州天河区大气中二噁英年度监测及气固分配规律   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
对广州天河区大气中二噁英进行年度监测和气固分配模式的研究。结果表明,天河区大气中存在较高浓度的二噁英;低氯代二噁英对毒性当量贡献较大,其主要分布在气相,2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF对毒性当量贡献最大,其贡献超过35%;高氯代二噁英(主要是OCDF、OCDD、1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF和1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD)对浓度贡献较大,其主要分布在颗粒相。  相似文献   

14.
In 1996 and 1997, the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined in soil and herbage samples taken from 24 sites in the vicinity of an old municipal solid waste incinerator (Montcada, Barcelona, Spain). To determine the temporal variation in the concentrations of PCDD/Fs, recently 24 soiland 24 herbage samples were again collected at the same sampling points and analyzed for PCDD/F levels. In the currentsurvey, PCDD/F concentrations in soils ranged between 0.06 and127 ng I-TEQ kg-1 (dry matter), with median and mean values of 4.80 and 9.95 ng I-TEQ kg-1 (dry matter), respectively. In turn, the levels of PCDD/Fs in herbage samples ranged from 0.40 to 1.94 ng I-TEQ kg-1 (dry matter), with median and mean values of 0.86 and 0.95 ng I-TEQ kg-1 (dry matter), respectively. The comparison with the data obtained in 1996 and 1997 show that while PCDD/F concentrations in herbage samples decreased substantially during the last two years, no significant differences in the levels of PCDD/Fs in soils were noted. On the other hand, the potential intake of polluted soils from the vicinity of the plant would not imply any significant health risk for the general population living in the area under influence of the facility.  相似文献   

15.
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in surface sediment samples from Taihu Lake--an important water supply of the Yangtze River Delta, China--were investigated in the present study. Concentrations of PCDD/Fs ranged from 0.91 to 4.8 pg TEQ g(-1) dw (mean: 2.9 pg TEQ g(-1) dw, TEQ: Toxic Equivalent), which were all higher than the threshold effect level established by interim sediment quality guidelines in Canada (0.85 pg TEQ g(-1) dw). The levels of PBDD/Fs ranged from 0.16 to 1.6 pg TEQ g(-1) dw (mean: 0.52 pg TEQ g(-1) dw) and accounted for 5-33% (mean: 14%) of the total PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs TEQ. Comparatively, the abundance of sedimentary PCDD/Fs in the three regions (Meiliang Bay, Gonghu Bay, and Xukou Bay) showed a decreasing trend from the inflow region to the outflow region, while no significant difference was observed among their 2,3,7,8-PBDD/Fs levels, which suggested that the sources of PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs differed in this area. Principal component analysis suggested that the historical production/usage of pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate was the dominant source of PCDD/Fs in the sediment of these regions. Although the specific sources of PBDD/Fs in the sediment of Taihu Lake were unclear, it was suspected to be due to atmospheric deposition; however, an additional study is needed to confirm this.  相似文献   

16.
This study investigated dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in gasses emitted from waste incinerators and thermal processes in central and western parts of India. The concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/DFs) ranged from 0.0070 to 26.8140 ng toxicity equivalent (TEQ)/Nm3, and those of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) ranged from 0.0001?×?10?1 to 0.0295 ng TEQ/Nm3. The characteristics of mean PCDD/F I-TEQ concentration and congener profiles were studied over all the samples of air. In particular, a pattern consisting of a low proportion of dioxin-like PCBs and high proportion of PCDDs/DFs was common for all the samples from incinerators and high-temperature processes.  相似文献   

17.
通过典型空气质量自动监测站PM10滤纸(结合气固相分配模拟)和传统大流量大气采样仪的比对试验,探讨了基于空气质量自动监测站PM10滤纸的新型大气二英监测技术的可行性。研究表明,基于空气质量自动监测站PM10滤纸的大气固相二英毒性当量浓度和指纹特征与传统大流量大气监测技术的监测结果具有很好的可比性;基于空气质量自动监测站PM10滤纸气固相分配模拟(利用Harner-Bidleman模型)的大气二英毒性当量浓度和指纹特征与传统大流量大气监测技术的监测结果具有很好的可比性。与传统大流量大气监测技术相比,基于空气质量自动监测站PM10滤纸的新型大气二英监测技术可以利用现有的大气自动监测网络和气固相分配模型,具有采样成本低、代表性强和易于普及等优点,适合不同区域尺度大气二英的长期同步监测。  相似文献   

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