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乌鲁木齐市可吸入颗粒物水溶性离子特征及来源解析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采暖期时在乌鲁木齐市采集了环境空气中的可吸入颗粒物,对可吸入颗粒物质量浓度及8种水溶性离子的特征和来源进行了分析。结果表明,细粒子和粗粒子的月平均质量浓度分别是53.5~233.3μg/m3和38.9~60.9μg/m3;细粒子和粗粒子中水溶性离子主要由SO24-、NH4+和NO3-组成;粗粒子中NH4+与NO3-和SO24-的相关性分别是0.70和0.66,细粒子中NH4+与NO3-和SO24-的相关性分别是0.89和0.93,铵盐是乌鲁木齐可吸入颗粒物主要存在形式;煤烟尘是乌鲁木齐市采暖期可吸入颗粒物的主要来源。 相似文献
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大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)中矿物组分的X射线衍射研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
利用X射线衍射技术对北京2002春季和夏季的可吸入颗粒物进行了研究.结果表明,北京春季和夏季可吸入颗粒物的矿物组成明显不同,春季可吸入颗粒物中的矿物以硅铝酸盐为主,同时存在碳酸盐、硫酸盐、硫化物、铁的氧化物、粘土矿物以及难以鉴定的矿物;在夏季的样品中,矿物的种类有所减少,却有新的物种出现,如氯化氨、硫酸氨等.XRD定量分析显示,在沙尘天气时,可吸入颗粒物中石英和粘土矿物以及非晶质分别占到24.1%、28.5%和2 0%,斜长石和方解石分别占到10.4%和8.1%,其他矿物总共不到10%.矿物组分的确定对可吸入颗粒物来源的识别有一定的指导作用. 相似文献
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广西一个典型矿业镇环境中重金属污染分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
广西河池市是我国重要的有色金属基地.以该市一个典型的矿业镇作为研究对象,采集了该镇周围23个旱地土壤样品,并在镇里布设两个大气采样点采集了可吸入颗粒物(PM10)样品,运用ICP-MS分析了样品中20种金属元素的含量,采用地积指数法判定旱地土壤和可吸入颗粒物中污染元素及来源.结果表明,这些与人们生活密切的环境介质(旱地土,可吸入颗粒物)均受到了多种重金属元素的复合污染,其共同的污染元素有Cd、As、Sb、Pb、Xn、Cu,而其中致癌元素Cd和As污染最为突出.大气可吸入颗粒物与旱地土壤中各污染元素的污染强度排序相同,均为Cd>As>Sb>Pb>Zn>Cu.经过现场调查和识别,污染源主要来自当地开放性运矿产生的扬尘所致.因此加强该地区矿石运输管理是保护该地区耕地和人群健康的需要. 相似文献
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为了解可吸入颗粒物污染水平与气象因素之间的关系,从2008年9月—2010年2月采集乌鲁木齐市可吸入颗粒物样品,并对其随时间的变化特征及其与气象因素之间的相关性进行了统计分析。结果表明,采样时间内可吸入颗粒物中PM2.5和PM2.5-10的质量浓度的范围分别为38.2~468.7μg/m3和20.8~243.1μg/m3,平均浓度分别为134.2μg/m3和69.2μg/m3。可吸入颗粒物同时受几种气象因素的影响,其浓度与温度、能见度、风速呈负相关,与湿度呈正相关。 相似文献
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本文通过对环境空气中可吸入颗粒物与总悬浮颗粒物的监测分析,得出了二者在春、夏、秋、冬季的分布及所占比例,为进一步研究环境空气中污染源奠定了基础. 相似文献
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基于文献计量学分析中国“雾霾”研究状况 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
运用文献计量学的研究方法,以CSCD为数据源,利用Excel软件对有关雾霾研究发表的文献进行数据统计与分析,从文献发表的年代、基金资助、高产作者、高被引文献、热点文献等角度,采用定量和定性的方法揭示了目前科研领域关于雾霾的研究进展。国内雾霾研究整体呈增长趋势,可分为3个发展阶段:发展缓慢期,逐步提高期,快速发展期。基金资助分析显示、从中央到地方对雾霾的研究重视程度都很高。从雾霾发文量著者H指数看,因雾霾在国内毕竟还是一个新的研究点,故高产作者H指数相对较低;高产作者所在研究机构主要集中在相关大气、环境、气象等高校或科研院所,研究方向主要集中在环境与生态、气象与大气等学科;雾霾的起因、如何控制和治理及所带来的人体健康问题等是目前研究的热点。 相似文献
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重庆城区不同粒径颗粒物元素组分研究及来源识别 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
为研究重庆市大气颗粒物的污染特征及其来源,于2010年3—10月在主城区分别采集PM1.0、PM2.5和PM103种粒径的颗粒物样品,利用XRF分析其中的26种元素浓度。结果表明,重庆市主城区S元素在各粒径中含量都较高,细粒子中K的含量较高,粗粒子中Si、Ca和Fe的浓度较大。富集因子分析表明,主城区Cd、S、Se等污染元素的富集系数较大,且粒径越小,富集现象越明显。利用因子分析得出土壤风沙、扬尘、燃煤的燃烧、机动车燃油产生的尾气排放、生物质燃烧排放是重庆市颗粒物污染的主要来源。 相似文献
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Zimmer AT 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2002,4(5):628-632
Recent research has indicated that insoluble ultrafine aerosols (ie., particles whose physical diameters are less than 100 nm) may cause adverse health effects due to their small size, and that toxicological response may be more appropriately represented by particle number or particle surface area. Unfortunately, current exposure criteria and the associated air-sampling techniques are primarily mass-based. Welding processes are high-temperature operations that generate substantial number concentrations of ultrafine aerosols. Welding aerosols are formed primarily through the nucleation of metal vapors followed by competing growth mechanisms such as coagulation and condensation. Experimental results and mathematical tools are presented to illustrate how welding metallurgy influences the chemical aspects and dynamic processes that initiate and evolve the resultant aerosol. This research suggests that a fundamental understanding of metallurgy and aerosol physics can be exploited to suppress the formation of undesirable chemical species as well as the amount of aerosol generated during a welding process. 相似文献
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Many metropolitan transit authorities are considering upgrading transit bus fleets to decrease ambient criteria pollutant
levels. Advancements in engine and fuel technology have lead to a generation of lower-emission buses in a variety of fuel
types. Dynamometer tests show substantial reductions in particulate mass emissions for younger buses (<10 years) over older
models, but particle number reduction has not been verified in the research. Recent studies suggest that particle number is
a more important factor than particle mass in determining health effects. In-vehicle particle number concentration measurements
on conventional diesel, oxidation-catalyst diesel and compressed natural gas transit buses are compared to estimate relative
in-vehicle particulate exposures. Two primary consistencies are observed from the data: the CNG buses have average particle
count concentrations near the average concentrations for the oxidation-catalyst diesel buses, and the conventional diesel
buses have average particle count concentrations approximately three to four times greater than the CNG buses. Particle number
concentrations are also noticeably affected by bus idling behavior and ventilation options, such as, window position and air
conditioning. 相似文献
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Tohno S Ma CJ Hayakawa S Yamasaki S Kasahara M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,120(1-3):575-584
The X-ray microprobe system was applied to ultra trace characterization of single Kosa aerosols and non-Kosa aerosols simultaneously collected at Yasaka, Japan and TaeAnn, Korea. We demonstrated remarkable mass increase of heavy metals as well as soil components in individual particles during the Kosa event compared with the non-Kosa period at Yasaka. Backward trajectory analysis suggested that the Kosa samples were in the mixing state of mineral components and anthropogenic heavy elements. Double thin film method was applied to investigate the seasonal change of the mixing states of single sea-salt aerosols associated with chlorine loss due to the heterogeneous reactions between sea-salt particles and acidic gases. It was revealed that the percentages of both chloride-nitrate mixed particles and sulfate-nitrate ones were larger in wintertime than those in summertime and fraction of chloride-nitrate mixed particles increased with an increase of particle size. Comparison between the size-segregated bulk analysis and the single particle analysis demonstrated that remarkable chloride depletion occurred in coarse particles sampled on May in the former analysis, while chloride depletion in coarse particles was not marked in the latter analysis. The discrepancy attributes to the difference of the sampling time between both analyses because significant change of air mass route occurred during the bulk sampling after completion of the single particle sampling. 相似文献
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浮游藻类是水生态系统的重要初级生产者,对其进行分类鉴定和定量分析是开展生态研究的基础。选取北京城区主要河流为研究对象,于2020年6—7月(夏季)、10月(秋季)对北运河水系22个站位的表层水进行采样调查,探究利用流式影像术(FlowCAM)分析浮游藻类群落结构的可行性。结果表明,浮游藻类的细胞丰度和粒径组成均存在着明显的时空差异。多数站位在夏季的优势属个数明显高于秋季,且随着季节的变动,优势属的物种组成由以硅藻为主转变为以蓝藻或蓝藻-绿藻为主。利用FlowCAM可以快速完成对浮游藻类的计数、粒径分级和对小型浮游藻类的识别鉴定。该技术在水生态监测方面有很大的应用空间,但还存在微型浮游藻类图像分辨率较低、无法完全自动分类等缺陷。 相似文献
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选取沈阳市6个监测点位,采集2005年冬、春、夏、秋大气可吸入颗粒物样本。用安捷伦7500型电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分析PM10中19种水溶性组分。用因子分析法分析了沈阳市大气可吸入颗粒物水溶性组分的来源。 相似文献
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In the frame of assessing exposure to nanostructured particles, the aim of this work is to study the performance of a new device devoted to the real-time measurement of nanostructured aerosol: the meDiSC (Diffusion Size Classifier, Matter Engineering, Switzerland). This instrument is based on unipolar diffusion charging of particles which are then collected successively in diffusion and filtration stages. From currents measured in these stages, the instrument is capable of determining aerosol mean size and number concentration. These data were compared to reference measurements regarding monodisperse aerosols in a range from 20 to 700 nm; the relative biases were found unsatisfying. This led us to investigate the principle of the instrument. Consequently, the charging law of the diffusion charger was experimentally established, as well as the calibration curve allowing the determination of the mean size of the particles. The latter analysis was completed by a model based on diffusion theory. Our results indicate the possibility to improve the range of size measurement up to 350 nm. Measured particle size and number concentration were also used to calculate geometric surface-area concentration; the experimental data were compared to a reference calculated surface-area concentration. The results demonstrate the possibility to evaluate this parameter within acceptable uncertainty. In a second step, the meDiSC was challenged with polydisperse aerosols. It was observed that meDiSC overestimates particle size by a factor 1.7, while particle number concentrations are found within ±40% of the reference. The model applied to polydisperse aerosols indicates that polydispersity little influences particle size up to 300 nm while geometric standard deviation remains below 1.7. 相似文献