天津市空气颗粒物中酞酸酯的分布特征

采用气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)对天津市空气颗粒物中15种酞酸酯(PAEs)夏季和冬季的浓度进行了分析测定,研究了酞酸酯污染水平的季节变化,不同季节酞酸酯的功能区差异,15种酞酸酯在颗粒物中的分布特征,以及DBP和DEHP在夏冬两季中的污染特点,分析了产生上述结果的原因,基本说明了天津市空气颗粒物中酞酸酯的污染状况和特点。     

鞍山市环境空气颗粒物中重金属元素分布特征

研究了鞍山市环境空气中可吸入颗粒物(PM10和PM2.5)中重金属元素分布特征,结果表明鞍山市环境空气可吸入颗粒物中Zn、Pb、Al、Cu四种金属总和所占21种元素比例近85%。重金属元素在不同粒径颗粒物中的浓度水平有明显差别,更易富集在细颗粒物PM2.5上。     

各国环境空气质量评价中污染物浓度表示方法比较

对不同国家在环境空气质量评价中主要污染物浓度表示方法进行了比较和分析,发现各国对于气态污染物浓度的表示方法主要有体积比浓度和质量浓度2种方法,对于颗粒物浓度的表示方法则普遍采用了质量浓度;颗粒物的质量浓度有标况浓度和实况浓度2种表示方法,在中国标况浓度和实况浓度的数值存在较大差异,在不同地区和不同季节此差异大小亦不同,一般情况下,实况浓度低于其标况浓度,且实况浓度能够更加客观反映颗粒物污染状况;建议修订中国环境空气质量标准中颗粒物浓度的表示方法,使用实际状况下的质量浓度来表示空气中颗粒物的浓度,以保证中国与其他国家之间监测数据的可比性。     

云南省宣威市和富源县空气和土壤中多环芳烃污染水平研究

宣威市和富源县位于我国云南省东北部,是全世界肺癌发病率最高的地区之一。当地居民在不通风的房间内燃烧烟煤做饭或取暖造成了严重的室内空气污染。研究表明,长期暴露在燃煤造成的污染物中是导致两地居民肺癌持续高发的主要原因,多环芳烃是最可疑的致病因子之一。2008年1月,分别用聚胺脂泡沫和玻璃纤维滤膜采集了当地9个点位室内、室外空气中气相和颗粒物相中的多环芳烃,同时采集了对应点位的土壤样品。通过对样品的分析,考察了当地空气和土壤中多环芳烃的污染水平、特征以及来源。结果证明,当地空气和土壤中存在严重的多环芳烃污染,室内污染显著高于室外,然而随着当地工业的发展室外污染同样不可忽视,主成分分析结合比值法证明,当地室内外多环芳烃的主要污染源来自于煤炭的燃烧。对空气颗粒物和土壤中多环芳烃浓度进行了比较,对土壤中多环芳烃的来源进行了验证。     

杭州市环境空气中二噁英类物质检测与分析

为了解二噁英类物质(PCDD/Fs)在环境空气中污染现状及不同季节不同时段浓度、组成和存在形式等的变化情况,于夏、冬两季对杭州西湖区空气中PCDD/Fs进行了采样分析。结果表明,空气中PCDD/Fs毒性当量浓度与国内其他城市(北京、上海、广州)相近,夏、冬两季空气中PCDD/Fs质量浓度和毒性当量浓度分别为4.92 pg/m3、0.34 I-TEQ pg/m3和4.51 pg/m3、0.40 I-TEQ pg/m3,夏季PCDD/Fs毒性当量浓度略低于冬季;在分时段采样检测结果中,晚间空气中PCDD/Fs质量浓度和毒性当量浓度均高于白天空气中的PCDD/Fs浓度;夏季样品中TCDD/Fs、PeCDD/Fs主要以气相的形式存在,HpCDD/Fs、OCDD/F主要以颗粒相的形式存在,冬季样品中PCDD/Fs主要以颗粒相形式存在。     

金昌市环境空气中PMl0污染现状及趋势分析

空气中可吸入性颗粒物对人体的健康有很大危害。本文作者对金昌市2002年环境空气中PM10进行了污染状况分析。     

我国居住建筑室内PM_(2.5)研究现状及进展

分析了我国居住建筑室内PM_(2.5)污染水平,总结了现阶段PM_(2.5)的研究方法,主要包括理论分析法、数值模拟法和实验测试法。指出室外源是室内PM_(2.5)的主要污染来源,而室内烟草烟雾、烹饪及人员活动也会严重影响室内PM_(2.5)浓度。针对目前研究中存在的问题,提出了标定典型建筑在不同影响因素下的I/O比范围、研究家具和家电的颗粒物释放状况、加强农村室内外空气颗粒物污染调查等建议。     

屏蔽门对地铁站台颗粒物分布的影响研究

通过2018年1月的污染天和非污染天在上海人民广场地铁站对装有屏蔽门系统的1号线站台和装有安全门系统的2号线站台上的颗粒物数量浓度进行监测并作对比研究,结果表明:污染天和非污染天,安装屏蔽门系统的站台颗粒物数量浓度相对于安全门系统分别降低2.08%~35.44%和5.69%~51.31%。屏蔽门站台的颗粒物浓度表现为后站台>前站台>中站台;安全门系统颗粒物浓度无规律。屏蔽门系统站台的颗粒物在人体内的沉积量要低于安全门系统,站台两端的颗粒物在人体内的沉积量高于站台中间。     

中国四城市空气颗粒物中铅的污染水平

在大量实验数据的基础上，研究了中国四城市空气颗粒物中铅的污染水平。探讨了颗粒物中铅的数据分布属对数正态分布类型。分析了铅在ＰＭ２５及ＰＭ１０中的分配比例，指出铅在对人体危害较大的细颗粒物中含量占绝大部分。同时分析了铅在粗细颗粒物中铅的富集因子，结论指出铅更易富集在细颗粒物中     

鞍山市SO2源排放污染贡献分析

以污染源排放数据为基础，应用ADMS—城市扩散模型模拟分析了鞍山市SO2污染源对空气环境质量的贡献，探讨了污染控制的主要因素。结果表明；鞍山市SO2染贡献中，来自供暖锅炉为44．76％；来自鞍钢—发电为13．刀％；来自鞍钢烧结厂为10．44％；低架源吨排放量污染贡献为中架源、高架源的5．67倍、33．14倍。因此，鞍山市s02污染治理重点应为供暖锅炉、鞍钢—发电、鞍钢烧结厂。不同高度源应以低架源污染控制为主。     

Phthalates removal efficiency in different wastewater treatment technology in the Eastern Cape,South Africa

The removal capacity of different wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) technologies adopted in rural areas for phthalate was investigated in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Wastewater samples collected from three selected WWTPs which use activated sludge (AS), trickling filter (TF), and oxidation pond (OP) technology were extracted using the solid-phase extraction method followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The six selected phthalate esters (PAEs) dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) were detected in all the samples collected from the WWTPs. DBP was the most abundant compound in the influent, effluent, and sludge samples with a maximum detection of 2497 μgL^?1, 24.2 μgL^?1, and 1249 μg/g dW, respectively, followed by DEHP and BBP. There was a relatively high removal capacity achieved by AS in Alice, TF in Berlin, and OP in Bedford with a removal efficiency that varied between 77 and 99%, 76 and 98%, and 61 and 98%, respectively. A high significant correlation of PAE removal with total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity suggests that the removal performance proceeded more through adsorption on settling particles and sludge than on biodegradation. However, the concentrations of PAEs detected in the final effluent and sludge samples exceeded acceptable levels allowed internationally for a safe aquatic environment. AS may have exhibited a more stable and better performance across the different seasons; however, pollution source control still deserves a special attention to prevent the risk posed by these micropollutants.     

Source analysis of particulate matter associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an industrial city in northeastern China

Particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were investigated at eight sampling sites during cold periods where heating is used (heating period) (February to March, 2005) and warm periods where heating is not required (non-heating periods) (August to September 2006) in the urban area of Anshan, an iron and steel city in northeastern China. Eleven PAH species were measured using GC-MS. The total average concentrations of PAHs ranged from 46.14 to 385.60 ng m(-3) in the heating period and from 5.28 to 146.40 ng m(-3) in the non-heating period. The lowest concentration of ∑PAHs was observed at Qianshan, a monitoring site far from the city and industrial area, and the highest concentration occurred in the site located at the factory area of Anshan Iron and Steel Incorporation. Moreover, ambient PAH profiles were studied and high molecular weight PAH (including 4-6 rings) species occurred in the high fractions. Toxic equivalent factors analysis gave the potential carcinogenic risks in Anshan. For the heating sampling period, BaP equivalent concentration is in the range of 41.98 to 220.83 ng m(-3), and 9.23 to 126.00 ng m(-3) for the non-heating sampling period. By diagnostic ratio analysis, traffic emission and combustion (coal or biomass) were potential sources for PAHs in Anshan. Finally, PCA results indicated the major sources were vehicle emission, steel industry emission, and coal combustion for both heating and non-heating seasons, which agreed with the results from the diagnostic ratio analysis.     

重庆典型岩溶区地下河水体PAEs分布特征研究

分别采集了重庆典型岩溶区5条地下河水体10个样品,用气相色谱法对样品中的邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)含量进行测定,分析其在重庆典型岩溶区地下河水体中的分布特征。结果表明,常见的19种邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)在重庆典型岩溶区地下河水体中均有检出,其浓度范围为103.29~2268.78μg/L;5种被美国环保局列为优先控制的PAEs类污染物中,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯是主要的污染物;与国内外其他地区水体进行比较,重庆典型岩溶区地下河水体PAEs含量处于较高污染水平。     

宁波市镇海区大气降尘矿物组成及来源解析

为探讨宁波市镇海区大气降尘矿物组成及来源,用X射线衍射法分析了镇海区6个土地功能区2019年12月至2020年11月4个季度的大气降尘样品的矿物组成和含量,并开展了矿物来源解析。结果显示,降尘中以石英、长石、碳酸盐类矿物和黏土矿物为主,年均质量分数分别为29.2%、33.3%、24.2%和7.7%,且不同功能区各季度降尘中矿物含量普遍有显著差异。来源解析表明,镇海区降尘中矿物来源主要以地面扬尘输入为主,同时周边源区输入及人类活动和工业密集区燃煤等输入对降尘矿物组成有较显著影响,除黏土矿物、碳酸盐类矿物和长石类矿物之外,其他矿物的含量还与不同季节的气温和风向有关。     

鞍山市城区采暖期大气PM_(2.5)中PAHs的污染特征研究

通过对鞍山市(1个工业区、2个工业区周边、3个居住区、1个对照点)2015年1月采暖期大气PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃(PAHs)的监测,采用BaP当量致毒系数TEF,分析了鞍山市大气PM_(2.5)中典型PAHs毒性当量分布特征。研究表明,鞍山市大气PM2.5中工业区及工业区周边Ba P毒性当量浓度要远高于居住区和对照点,污染物主要由4~6环的PAHs组成,很强致癌BaP当量浓度为9.351~38.59 ng/m3。     

鞍山市大气尘和金属元素沉降通量及污染特征

通过采集鞍山市11个点位的降尘样品以及土壤样品,用ICP-MS分析了Cu、Mn、Zn、Pb等元素含量,并计算其沉降通量。结果表明,鞍山地区大气降尘的沉降通量为2.92～59.8g/(m2.month),其中鞍钢厂区沉降通量均值为31.6g/(m2.month),分别是周边地区和对照地区的4.72倍和10.5倍。重金属As、Cr、Pb和Cd的沉降通量分别为3.78、45.5、42.8、0.457g/(hm2.month)。降尘中各元素的富集系数为0.29～190,其中Cu、Fe、Zn、Mo、Cd、Pb和Se的富集系数大于10,说明这些元素主要来自于人为源。鞍钢厂区土壤中Cu、Pb、Mn、Zn、Mo、Cd、Ca、Fe和Se的含量较辽宁省土壤背景值高,说明其土壤环境已经受到了人类活动的影响。     

化工废水中邻苯二甲酸酯的研究

对北京市五个化工厂的废水中8种邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素进行分析和调查研究.在化工废水中普遍检出的邻苯二甲酸酯有邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCHP),其中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二正丙酯(DPrP)、邻苯二甲酸二戊酯(DAP)和邻苯二甲酸二正己酯(DHP)4种物质未检出.废水中DEHP和DBP的浓度均低于排放标准.     

Nitrous acid concentrations in homes and offices in residential areas in Greater Cairo

Indoor and outdoor measurements of nitrous acid and nitrogen dioxide were conducted at four homes and two offices in residential areas in Greater Cairo during winter (2000-2001) and summer (2001) seasons. Indoor nitrogen dioxide concentrations were higher than outdoor levels at the four homes, whereas indoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide were lower than outdoor levels at the two offices, during both seasons. Indoor nitrous acid concentrations were higher than outdoor levels at all homes and offices during the period of study. The mean indoor nitrous acid concentrations were 6.8 ppb and 3.67 ppb in the four homes, whereas they were 1.42 ppb and 1.24 ppb in the two offices, during the winter and summer seasons, respectively. Indoor/outdoor ratios of nitrous acid concentration were 6.94 in the winter and 5.03 in the summer for all of the homes. However, the ratios were 1.31 and 1.61 during the winter and summer seasons, respectively, for the two offices. Insignificant positive correlation coefficients were found between indoor and outdoor concentrations of nitrous acid at homes and offices. The maximum outdoor nitrous acid concentrations were recorded during the winter season. Significant positive correlation coefficients were found between nitrous acid and nitrogen dioxide and relative humidity in homes and offices. The ratios of nitrous acid to nitrogen dioxide concentrations ranged from 0.045 to 0.16, with a mean of 0.1, in the four homes, whereas the ratios ranged from 0.026 to 0.09, with a mean of 0.059, in the two offices.     

河流底泥砷污染状况及分布特征研究

为了今年马鞍山市河湖整治重点工程中清淤工程环境安全需要,对该市城郊某河全流域不同断面底泥中砷含量进行了分析,评价了底泥砷污染状况并分析了该河流底泥中砷的沿程分布特征、横向分布特征和垂向分布特征。结果表明,该河流底泥砷含量范围为17.9~335mg/kg,均值为94.25mg/kg。参照土壤环境质量标准三级标准值对底泥中砷含量进行评价,平均砷污染指数2.69为中度污染;用土壤背景值标准参照评价,平均砷污染指数为9.72,超过当地背景值水平8.50倍,该河流从上游到下游,总体上沿程底泥砷含量未呈明显变化,但局部域段呈现一定变化趋势;断面横向分布上,河中间砷含量总体高于河岸边;垂向分布上,表层底泥砷含量最高。