共查询到15条相似文献,搜索用时 437 毫秒
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分别在南通平原河网地区选择典型非圩区开展野外原位试验,用野外观测和室内分析相结合的方法,研究平原非圩区典型试验小区不同土地利用下营养盐在自然降雨—径流驱动下迁移的时空分布特征.结果表明,导致营养盐迁移时空分布存在显著差异的主要原因为不同的土地利用类型、施肥条件及植被覆盖度等,不同土地利用下的径流量差异是导致营养盐迁移通... 相似文献
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基于SWAT模型的圩区农业非点源污染模拟 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以荻泽联圩为研究对象,应用SWAT模型模拟太湖流域典型圩区农业非点源产污规律,建立了研究区域的非点源污染基础信息库,实现了流域的空间参数化过程;将参数化过程中提取的模型参数纳入到数据库中统一管理,按照模型要求建立了数据库字段和参数内容的对应表,解决了模型运行时众多离散单元的自动赋值问题;采用虚拟水库控制技术,解决了SWAT模型在控制出流的圩区中的应用弊端。 相似文献
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北京市水环境非点源污染监测与负荷估算研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
文章对北京全市域范围开展水环境非点源污染监测以及污染负荷估算研究。监测结果表明,天然降雨氨氮、总氮污染程度高;城区典型下垫面降雨径流的有机污染十分严重,其中屋面降雨径流总氮和氨氮污染最严重,路面降雨径流COD和总磷污染最严重;下垫面降雨径流汇入城市排水管网后,由于冲洗下水道中的沉积物,使得水质污染进一步恶化。农业典型小流域面源污染对水质影响也很明显。城市非点源污染负荷估算选用SWMM暴雨径流模型,农业非点源污染负荷模型选用改进的输出系数模型,估算结果表明:城市非点源污染主要来自大气湿沉降、综合用地、路面和屋面等,农业非点源污染主要来自耕地和林地;全市污染物排放总量中,点源排放总量与非点源排放总量基本各占50%左右。为进一步挖掘污染减排空间,完善总量减排体系提供了依据。 相似文献
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内河涌氨氮污染的特征及其来源的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以佛山市雅瑶涌为研究实例,探讨了珠江三角洲河网地区围内河涌氨氮污染的特征,并对氨氮的来源进行了研究。内河涌的氨氮污染逐年严重,并呈现季节性的变化,已成为最主要的污染因子。研究结果表明,畜牧水产业和非点源都是比较显著的氨氮污染源,但未经集中式污水处理厂处理的生活污水,则成为内河涌最重要的氨氮污染源。 相似文献
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随着城市污水和工业废水等点源污染控制水平的提高,城市非点源污染的严重性日益表现出来,是仅次于农业非点源污染的第二大污染源.降雨后在形成的地表径流中污染物的浓度与未经处理的城市污水基本相同,成为我国城市水体水质恶化的主要原因之一.在充分调查研究之后,分析了南昌市区非点源特征,探讨了非点源污染控制的主要对策和措施,以便为该地区城市非点源污染供科学依据. 相似文献
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结合滇池流域城郊非点源污染状况,从污染物来源和特点出发,对目前研究较多的城市非点源污染和农业非点源污染进行了详细分类和系统归纳,综述了国内外研究现状,展望了滇池流域城郊非点源污染治理的重点方向.现有研究表明,目前城郊结合地区经济发展迅速,污染控制管理相对落后,两种非点源污染同时存在,建议重视该类地区的污染治理,加强污染监督控制管理. 相似文献
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基于2015—2021年我国农村地表水环境质量监测数据,分析了农村地表水环境质量状况特征;选取农业农村社会经济活动相关参数,与农村地表水中主要超标因子的超标比例进行了相关性分析;以2020年为基准年,对全国31个行政区,涵盖农村地表水水质状况、农业农村活动水平和污染压力、环境容量3个方面的9个指标进行了聚类分析。结果表明,我国农村地表水的变化趋势、季节特点和主要超标因子等表现出明显的农业面源污染特征;乡村人口、农业投入品使用量和经济作物种植比例等参数与主要超标指标具有较强的相关性(R>0.9);聚类分析将全国31个行政区划分为7种不同的农业面源污染类型。提出,应根据不同地区农业面源污染特点,因地制宜地推进标准化规模养殖、畜禽粪污资源化利用、化肥减量行动、高效低风险农药推广等农业面源污染治理措施,进一步加大农村生活污水处理设施建设,同时,完善农村环境质量监测网络,加强农业面源污染监测和评估。 相似文献
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Vikas Varekar Subhankar Karmakar Ramakar Jha N. C. Ghosh 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2015,187(6):376
The design of a water quality monitoring network (WQMN) is a complicated decision-making process because each sampling involves high installation, operational, and maintenance costs. Therefore, data with the highest information content should be collected. The effect of seasonal variation in point and diffuse pollution loadings on river water quality may have a significant impact on the optimal selection of sampling locations, but this possible effect has never been addressed in the evaluation and design of monitoring networks. The present study proposes a systematic approach for siting an optimal number and location of river water quality sampling stations based on seasonal or monsoonal variations in both point and diffuse pollution loadings. The proposed approach conceptualizes water quality monitoring as a two-stage process; the first stage of which is to consider all potential water quality sampling sites, selected based on the existing guidelines or frameworks, and the locations of both point and diffuse pollution sources. The monitoring at all sampling sites thus identified should be continued for an adequate period of time to account for the effect of the monsoon season. In the second stage, the monitoring network is then designed separately for monsoon and non-monsoon periods by optimizing the number and locations of sampling sites, using a modified Sanders approach. The impacts of human interventions on the design of the sampling net are quantified geospatially by estimating diffuse pollution loads and verified with land use map. To demonstrate the proposed methodology, the Kali River basin in the western Uttar Pradesh state of India was selected as a study area. The final design suggests consequential pre- and post-monsoonal changes in the location and priority of water quality monitoring stations based on the seasonal variation of point and diffuse pollution loadings. 相似文献
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Sheng Y Chen F Yu Y Wang X Sheng G Fu J Zeng EY 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,143(1-3):121-130
Emissions of five volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs), including methanethiol, carbonyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and dimethyl disulfide, from a heavily polluted river, Shijing River in Guangzhou of South China, was studied. The results showed that the amounts of all VOSCs emitted from the river increased from downstream to upstream along the river with increasing magnitude of water pollution. The emission of carbonyl sulfide was the highest among the target analytes, ranging from 23.8 microg m(-2) h(-1) to 42.6 microg m(-2) h(-1) at the water surface of Shijin River. The concentration levels of VOSCs on the riverbank were lower than those at the water surface either in Shijing River or in Liuxi River. However, the contribution of dimethyl disulfide to the total VOSCs on the riverbank was higher than that at the water surface in most sampling sites, indicating that there might be a point source of dimethyl disulfide on the riverbank besides diffusion from water surface. The 24-h semi-continuous monitoring data revealed that the emissions of VOSCs at the water surface peaked at 9:00 and 21:00, which was consistent with the water quality variability in Shijin River caused by daily tidal variation. 相似文献