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1.
以南京市上秦淮片区二横沟小流域为例,在污染源调查的基础上,采用分类法,利用改进后的污染输出系数模型进行流域污染负荷核算,得到外源污染物入河负荷量及各污染源的贡献率。研究结果表明,上秦淮片区二横沟流域内污染物排放负荷总量为COD 229.9 t/a、TN 25.8 t/a、NH3-N 22.4 t/a、TP 1.7 t/a,入河负荷量为COD 47.1 t/a、TN 5.5 t/a、NH3-N 4.6 t/a、TP 0.36 t/a,主要来自面源污染,点源污染较小。其中,生活面源污染年入河贡献率最高,为44.5%,林地面源污染贡献率最低,为0.1%,水产面源、道路面源、水田面源和旱地面源贡献率分别为31.6%、16.2%、6.2%和1.4%。  相似文献   

2.
阐述了环境影响评价中大气污染物本底值对评价结果的影响 ,提出了现有污染源对各控制点的浓度贡献值应该包括污染源对各控制点的浓度值和控制点大气环境因子本底值等内容 ;并对大气污染物本底值及其计算方法提出独到见解  相似文献   

3.
太湖主要入湖河流排污控制量研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
利用2006—2008年的监测数据对太湖主要入湖河流的水环境状况进行了分析,通过对研究区工业污染源、农业污染源和城镇生活污水排污的分布以及入河情况的调查,对各种污染源的入河量进行了计算,根据确定的水质目标,分别计算出主要入湖河流以及区域水系的水环境容量和排污控制量。结果表明:15条主要入湖河流超标现象显著,近3a来污染程度有所波动,N、P污染最为严重。研究区内污染物入河量较大,未接管的生活源污染物入河量所占比重最大,各类污染物均在50%~60%之间;张家港市的污染物入河量最大,各类污染物所占比重达总入河量的18%~20%。研究区内河网密布,水环境容量分布不均匀,望虞河、直湖港、武进港等7条河流水环境容量较大,张家港市区域水环境容量较大。为保证水质达标,研究区内近期共须削减CODCr66554.38t/a、NH4-N8105.71t/a、TP1324.42t/a;远期共须削减CODCr96719.08t/a、NH4-N11541.45t/a、TP1788.71t/a。  相似文献   

4.
通过对湖北省典型矿冶城市表层土壤采样,测定其中Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn等8种重金属的质量比,探究土壤重金属空间分布与污染程度,并定量分析各污染源的贡献率。结果表明:Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn污染严重且具有类似的污染空间分布,均在工矿活动区域富集,Co和Cu高值区均出现在铜矿附近。Cd、Cr和Cu污染程度较高,对土壤生态环境有较大的不利影响。研究区内主要受综合采矿源、铜矿采矿-冶炼源影响,对土壤重金属的贡献率分别为41%和31%。  相似文献   

5.
通过多年环境监测资料分析,淮安市清安河水质污染主要因子为氨氮。通过现场调查和科学计算,弄清了污水处理厂、生活污染源、工业污染源、农业污染源氨氮入河情况。针对责任主体明确的排放口和排污单位,采用污染排放与水质响应关系等综合考虑现状排污格局、污染源可控性和经济技术可行性等因素,统筹兼顾公平与效率,将允许排放量等比例逐一分配至各排污单位,拟定许可排放量,进行污染控制。  相似文献   

6.
根据南京市5家市政水厂水源保护区的污染源调查结果建立了长江南京段水动力和有限体积法水质数学模型,并结合各污染源的污染强度和排放规律,分析了枯水期在不同水文情况下,污染源排放对饮用水源地水质的影响.有限体积法的模拟结果与常规分析的监测结果均表明,水厂受污染程度为:上元门水厂>北河口水厂>城北水厂>浦口水厂>城南水厂.主要污染源为水量较大,且有一定污染的入江河流.  相似文献   

7.
本文探讨了通过污染源调查,建立污染源-地表水体的输入响应关系;以河流断面允许污染物通量为基础,借助数学模型反向模拟,核算上游污染源的污染物允许排放量及排放浓度,并进行污染减排校核,以有针对性地提出减排建议,以控制点源污染物排放实现断面水质达标。  相似文献   

8.
通过长丰河沿岸主要污染源和长丰河水质污染现状的调查,基本查清了长丰河水质污染现状、造成污染的主要原因和重点原,提出了防治对策。  相似文献   

9.
针对工业聚集区内多种恶臭混杂的情况,以淄博化工园区为例,研究了大气有机污染突发事件中有机物的应急监测方法,并提出了治理对策。利用便携式气相色谱-质谱联用仪,对重点企业事先监测,掌握各企业特征污染物,作为应急监测查找污染源头的依据;现场分析受污染空气中的化合物组成及浓度,通过查询、比对各企业特征污染物,确认责任排污企业。提出了末端监测处罚治理与对重点污染企业推行清洁生产相结合,应急监测与有机污染物在线监测相结合,建立企业污染源特征组分数据库,加强企业无组织排放监测与监管等治理大气有机污染的建议。  相似文献   

10.
为了明确三江源智慧生态畜牧业示范区内土壤重金属元素含量特征及潜在风险,2015年7月在三江源智慧生态畜牧业示范区11个示范村镇进行土壤样品采集,带回实验室分析Pb、Cd、Hg、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni含量。对数据进行统计分析并采用内梅罗综合污染指数和生态危害指数进行风险等级评价。结果显示:部分采样点重金属元素含量高于青海省背景值;Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni主要受土壤母质的影响,Cd受自然和人为因素的双重影响,Hg主要受人为因素影响;内梅罗综合污染指数显示11个点位的指数都小于1,该地未出现污染状况;生态危害指数显示除GMY点位处于轻微风险等级,其余采样点为中等风险等级。总体上示范区内土壤未出现强污染和面源污染状况,但需要加强点源污染的风险防范。  相似文献   

11.
基于3S技术的桂林市南溪河污染现状调查   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
城区小流域常是水污染较重的区域,又是污染源密集的地方,其非点源污染的监测与评估,需要实用方法。本调查基于3S技术,开展流域的监测与评价,包括空间定位的精度控制、非点源的遥感分类解译、采用排污系数对非点源污染评估、对污染源及污水管网做GIS空间分析。结合水质监测进行污径比和水环境容量的评价。重点讨论了城区人口解译方法和污染源评估方法,探讨典型城区非点源污染监测的思路。  相似文献   

12.
烟尘由浓度控制向总量控制的初步探讨   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
煤烟型污染是我国我省也是我市大气污染的重要因素。控制烟尘污染源的排放浓度,虽对减轻污染,促进治理起了很大作用,但不能防止污染点源密集、大气环境容量严重超出的地区不可避免造成污染负荷增加;不能促使大气环境质量有明显改善。本文对日照市城区的烟尘污染源排放由浓度控制向总量控制过渡进行初步探讨。  相似文献   

13.
耦合社会-经济因子探究工业点源和生活污染源污染负荷未来变化趋势,可为优化水环境规划和管理方案提供理论依据。选取沱江流域为研究区域,采用经济增长预测法、工业点源传统统计法、人口趋势灰色模型预测法和排污系数法分别计算了2020-2025年该区域28个县(市、区)的工业GDP值,工业点源废水排放量及主要污染负荷(COD、NH3-N、TN、TP),农村与城镇人口及生活污染源的主要污染负荷,并利用ArcGIS技术探究了工业点源和生活污染源主要污染负荷空间分布特征。结果表明:2020-2025年,工业GDP值总体呈逐年增加趋势,而工业废水排放量总体呈逐年减少趋势,预计到2025年,流域工业GDP值将增加至2.52×1012元,而工业废水排放量将减少至0.64×108 t。工业点源主要污染负荷表现为COD>NH3-N>TN>TP。沱江流域总人口数与生活污染源污染负荷呈逐年增加趋势,其中城镇人口与生活污染源污染负荷呈逐年增加趋势,农村人口与生活污染源污染负荷呈逐年减少趋势,且城镇人口及生活污染源污染负荷增加量大于农村人口及生活污染源污染负荷减少量。城镇、农村生活污染源的主要污染负荷表现为COD>NH3-N>TN>TP。工业点源和生活污染源主要污染负荷在空间上存在高度异质性。2025年,来自工业点源的主要污染负荷均呈上游较少,中、下游较多的特征;来自城市生活污染源的主要污染负荷均呈中、上游较多,下游较少的特征;来自农村生活污染源的主要污染负荷均呈中游较多,上、下游较少的特征。笔者提出耦合社会-经济因子预测流域污染负荷的方法可以推广到其他与社会经济指标相关联的流域工业点源、生活污染源污染负荷的预测研究中,以期为未来流域水环境管理与治理提供科学参考。  相似文献   

14.
为把握厂村融合区工农业复合面源污染现状及特征,选取典型区域礼嘉、洛阳、雪堰3镇进行研究,结果表明,2017年3镇复合面源等标污染负荷总量为1. 85×10~9m~3/a,其中总氮(TN)等标负荷量最高,占总量的44. 73%,为优先控制因子; 57个行政村中,污染物负荷量及负荷强度均较高的行政村大多集中在洛阳镇和礼嘉镇,如圻庄村、天井村、毛家村、大路村等,为优先控制区域;各污染源中,农村生活污水和畜禽养殖贡献的等标污染负荷量最高,分别占总量的37. 88%和35.49%,其次是种植业和厂区面源,贡献率分别为13. 17%和12. 77%,水产养殖贡献率最低;通过聚类分析将厂村融合区复合面源污染类型分为6类。  相似文献   

15.
The paper presents an emission inventory for Cochin, which is a highly industrialized area situated in the southern part of India. A proper emission inventory is very important for planning pollution control programmes, particularly in coastal sites like Cochin, where environmental situations are of growing concern owing to their typical meterorological conditions. In a systematic way the sources are broadly classified as point, line and area sources. The data on emissions from industries, fuel consumption for vehicular and domestic activities along with the respective emission factors are used for estimating the emissions. The study reveals that industrial sources are mainly responsible for emissions of particulate matter, oxides of sulphur and ammonia in the region. Automobiles are the prime sources of hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide emitting 95%, 77% and 70% respectively of their total emissions, while the contribution from domestic sources is not very significant.  相似文献   

16.
工业源重点调查单位分界点的确定   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
讨论了工业源重点调查单位分界点确定的思路和方法,并基于污染源普查更新调查中河南省的数据(数据时点为2010年)进行了实证研究,研究结果表明,所有污染物产排指标都呈现出高度右偏分布,适宜采用目录抽样法,将工业源区分为重点污染源和非重点污染源,对重点污染源进行全面调查,对非重点污染源进行抽样调查,分界点可以下调到80%。  相似文献   

17.
利用AQI和PM_(2. 5)质量浓度、地面气象要素、NCEP、ERSST_V3、GBL等资料,对2016年12月29日至2017年1月5日洞庭湖区一次重度空气污染过程成因进行了分析。结果表明,静稳天气形势下的累积效应和本地持续升温、降压、增湿、小风导致污染物浓度不断增加。本地风速与雨量对污染物浓度产生显著影响。降温前风速明显加大,有利于污染物快速扩散。湿度增加有利于污染物吸湿性增长,但高湿易引起降水有利于污染物的湿清除。此次重度空气污染过程中大气稳定度为中性或稳定,14:00混合层高度逐渐降低且重度空气污染日降至100 m以下。污染物空间分布与主导风向和污染通道密切相关。气流后向轨迹分析表明,洞庭湖区各地气流来源和影响路径差异明显,且存在大范围区域性同步污染现象。北方外来污染源是洞庭湖区重要的污染面源,本地工业污染排放点源和地理条件也是洞庭湖区空气污染物空间分布差异的重要因素。  相似文献   

18.
A detailed investigation was conducted to evaluate heavy metal sources and their spatial distribution in agricultural fields in the south of Tehran using statistics, geostatistics, and a geographic information system. The content of Cd, Cu, Co, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni were determined in 106 samples. The results showed that the primary inputs of Cr, Co, and Ni were due to pedogenic factors, while the inputs of Zn, Pb, and Cu were due to anthropogenic sources. Cd was associated with distinct sources, such as agricultural and industrial pollution. Ordinary kriging was carried out to map the spatial patters of heavy metals, and disjunctive kriging was used to quantify the probability of heavy metal concentrations higher than their recommended threshold values. The results show that Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn exhibit pollution risk in the study area. The sources of the high pollution levels evaluated were related to the use of urban and industrial wastewater and agricultural practices. These results are useful for the development of proper management strategies for remediation practices in the polluted area.  相似文献   

19.
The design of a water quality monitoring network (WQMN) is a complicated decision-making process because each sampling involves high installation, operational, and maintenance costs. Therefore, data with the highest information content should be collected. The effect of seasonal variation in point and diffuse pollution loadings on river water quality may have a significant impact on the optimal selection of sampling locations, but this possible effect has never been addressed in the evaluation and design of monitoring networks. The present study proposes a systematic approach for siting an optimal number and location of river water quality sampling stations based on seasonal or monsoonal variations in both point and diffuse pollution loadings. The proposed approach conceptualizes water quality monitoring as a two-stage process; the first stage of which is to consider all potential water quality sampling sites, selected based on the existing guidelines or frameworks, and the locations of both point and diffuse pollution sources. The monitoring at all sampling sites thus identified should be continued for an adequate period of time to account for the effect of the monsoon season. In the second stage, the monitoring network is then designed separately for monsoon and non-monsoon periods by optimizing the number and locations of sampling sites, using a modified Sanders approach. The impacts of human interventions on the design of the sampling net are quantified geospatially by estimating diffuse pollution loads and verified with land use map. To demonstrate the proposed methodology, the Kali River basin in the western Uttar Pradesh state of India was selected as a study area. The final design suggests consequential pre- and post-monsoonal changes in the location and priority of water quality monitoring stations based on the seasonal variation of point and diffuse pollution loadings.  相似文献   

20.
Non-point source water pollution is a major problem in most parts of the world, but is also very difficult to quantify and control since it is not easily separated from point sources and can theoretically originate from the whole watershed. In this article, we evaluate the relationship between land use and land cover and four water pollution parameters in a watershed in Southeast Brazil. The four parameters are nitrate, total ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorous, and dissolved oxygen. To help concentrate on non-point source pollution, only data from the wet seasons of the time period (2001–2013) were analysed, based on the fact that precipitation causes runoff which is the main cause of diffuse pollution. The parameters measured were transformed into loads, which were in turn associated with an exclusive contribution area, so that every measuring station could be considered independent. Analyses were also performed on riparian zones of different widths to verify if the effect of the land cover on the water quality of the stream decreases with the increased distance. Pearson correlation coefficients indicate that urban areas and agriculture/pasture tend to worsen water quality (source). Conversely, forest and riparian areas have a reducing effect on pollution (sink). The best results were obtained for total ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen using the whole exclusive contribution areas with determination coefficients better than R2≈0.8. Nitrate and total phosphorous did not produce valid models. We suspect that the transformation delay from total ammonia nitrogen to nitrate might be an important factor for the poor result for this parameter. For phosphorous, we think that the phosphorous sink in the bottom sediment might be the most limiting factor explaining the failure of our models.  相似文献   

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