H103大孔树脂吸附苯酚性能研究

通过静态吸附试验,研究了不同条件下H103大孔树脂对水中苯酚的吸附性能。结果表明,树脂对水中苯酚的吸附速率较快,60min内基本达到平衡。树脂对水中苯酚的吸附量随其初始浓度的增加而增加,并呈线性关系。Freundlich模型能很好地描述H103大孔树脂对苯酚的吸附性能。动态处理某精细化工含酚废水结果表明,在室温下,固定床流速为3BV/h时,水中苯酚去除率接近91.9%,CODcr去除率≥69.3%。采用5%NaOH再生,再生率为86.5%,实现了酚的回收。     

高浓度有机废水强化物化处理实验研究

以可生化性差的高浓度有机废水为研究对象，提出了在预处理的基础上进行强化混凝加强化吸附的强化物化的处理方法和对应的工艺流程，通过静态和动态实验对高浓度有机废水强化物化处理进行了研究。     

正交设计在废水吸附试验研究中的应用

本文应用正交设计的基本理论，试验研究了粉煤灰，工业煤渣和泥炭在不同状况下对纺织印染废水的吸附处理效果，确定了最佳吸附工况，取得了较为满意的结果，为正交设计理论于环境污染治理技术的研究进行了有益的尝试，具有一定的实际意义。     

粉煤灰吸附处理炼油污水中石油类物质的应用研究

以炼油污水气浮后用于冲灰为目的,对粉煤灰吸附炼油污水中的石油类物质进行了初步研究,主要研究了水灰比、与油水的混合时间、静置沉淀时间等因素对粉煤灰吸附石油类效率的影响。研究表明,水灰比对粉煤灰吸附石油类效率的影响最显著。通过正交试验法,找出了粉煤灰处理炼油污水的最优工艺参数组合,为指导现场工作提供了理论依据。同时对粉煤灰吸附处理炼油污水中石油类的性能进行了研究,证实在常温状态下粉煤灰对石油类的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程。     

壳聚糖对Sb(III)的吸附动力学和热力学研究

论文通过研究壳聚糖对Sb(III)的吸附行为,分析了其吸附热力学和动力学特性,初步探讨了吸附机理。结果表明,在研究的浓度范围内,壳聚糖对Sb(III)的吸附行为符合Freundlich和Langmuir等温方程;不同温度下,壳聚糖吸附Sb(III)的吸附焓变ΔH、自由能变ΔG和吸附熵变ΔS均为负值,表明吸附是一个自发、放热的过程,降低温度有利于吸附的进行;壳聚糖对Sb(III)的吸附行为可用Langmuir单分子层吸附机理解释,且求得吸附表观活化能38.36kJ/mol和Lagergren一级速率常数0.80h-     

棕壤吸附-解吸铬影响因素研究

采用室内实验方法,研究了不同铬浓度及不同pH对棕壤吸附-解吸铬的影响,草酸、EDTA和柠檬酸3种有机酸在不同浓度、不同pH条件下对棕壤吸附-解吸铬的影响。结果表明,棕壤对Cr6＋的吸附率随其浓度的增大逐渐增大,并在酸性条件下易于吸附Cr6＋,在碱性条件下易于解吸Cr6＋,低浓度有机酸有利于棕壤对Cr6＋的解吸。EDTA解吸率最大,草酸次之,柠檬酸最小。     

牛骨炭对水溶液中Hg（Ⅱ）吸附性的研究

以牛骨为原料，氯化锌为活化剂制备牛骨基炭，通过静态吸附试验研究了牛骨炭对水中Hg（Ⅱ）的吸附效果并确定了影响吸附性能的因素。研究结果表明：牛骨炭对Hg（Ⅱ）的最佳吸附时间约为2h、吸附温度为25℃、pH值为1、投加量为0．1g、吸附溶液的最大初始浓度为600mg／L，其最大吸附容量Q^0为43．1mg／g，吸附行为符合Freundl—ich吸附等温模型；通过BET分析和扫描电镜（SEM）等手段表征了牛骨炭的孔结构参数及形貌特征，经分析，所制备牛骨炭的孔径分布为中孔。     

不同形态MnO2对污水中重金属Pb2+、Cd2+吸附效果的初探

用ICP—AES检测离子浓度方法研究了不同形态MnO2在不同pH下对污水中重金属离子Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附效果。结果表明:当溶液的pH=7时最有利于吸附,且α形态MnO2对重金属离子的吸附效果最好,其中对Pb2+最高吸附效率可达99.84%,对Cd2+的最高吸附效率可达71.54%。     

重金属离子Pb2+在石油污染土壤中的吸附作用

对比研究了3种土壤(新疆砂土、粘土和东北黑土)及其被石油不同程度污染后对水中重金属离子Pb^2 的吸附作用。结果表明，3种原土壤及油污土壤对Pb^2 的吸附均符合Langmuir等温式；原土壤上Pb^2 的饱和吸附量为黑土＞＞粘土＞砂土；在一定范围内，砂土、粘土中石油的存在对其吸附重金属离子Pb^2 的能力影响较小，而黑土对Pb^2 的吸附能力则随所含石油量的增大而迅速减少。     

红外分光光度法测定水中油类物质吸附方法的比较

吸附处理是红外法测定石油类的一个重要环节.通过实验对吸附柱法和振荡吸附法进行对较,结果表明动植物油质量浓度为0.560 mg/L～145 mg/L的水样,振荡吸附法吸附效率高于吸附柱法.振荡吸附法还具有操作时间短、硅酸镁耗量低、对操作人员危害性小、样品可批量分析的优点.     

Isolation of Humic and Non-Humic NOM Fractions: Structural Characterization

The combination of RO concentration and XAD-8/XAD-4 resin adsorption techniques was used to isolate the different constituents of the Natural Organic Matter (NOM) from inorganic salts. NOM fractions i.e. colloids, hydrophobic NOM (HPO humic substances), transphilic NOM (TPI) and hydrophilic NOM (HPI) fractions isolated from different surface waters were characterized using 13C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy and HPLC/Size Exclusion Chromatography coupled with UV and DOC detection. Results showed that the isolation procedure was suitable to quantitatively isolate the different fractions of NOM.     

Preferential adsorption of fluorescing fulvic and humic acid components on activated carbon using flow field-flow fractionation analysis

Activated carbon treatment of drinking water is used to remove natural organic matter (NOM) precursors that lead to the formation of disinfection byproducts. The innate hydrophobic nature and macromolecular size of NOM render it amenable to sorption by activated carbon. Batch equilibrium and minicolumn breakthrough adsorption studies were performed using granular activated carbon to treat NOM-contaminated water. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy and flow field-flow fractionation analysis using tandem diode-array and fluorescence detectors were used to monitor the activated carbon sorption of NOM. Using these techniques, it was possible to study activated carbon adsorption properties of UV absorbing, fluorescing and nonfluorescing, polyelectrolytic macromolecules fractionated from the total macromolecular and nonmacromolecular composition of NOM. Adsorption isotherms were constructed at pH 6 and pH 9. Data were described by the traditional and modified Freundlich models. Activated carbon capacity and adsorbability were compared among fractionated molecular subsets of fulvic and humic acids. Preferential adsorption (or adsorptive fractionation) of polyelectrolytic, fluorescing fulvic and humic macromolecules on activated carbon was observed. The significance of observing preferential adsorption on activated carbon of fluorescing macromolecular components relative to nonfluorescing components is that this phenomenon changes the composition of dissolved organic matter remaining in equilibrium in the aqueous phase relative to the composition that existed in the aqueous phase prior to adsorption. Likewise, it changes the composition of dissolved organic matter remaining in equilibrium in the aqueous phase relative to the adsorbed phase. This research increases our understanding of NOM interactions with activated carbon which may lead to improved methods of potable water production.     

Humic Acid Transport in Water-Saturated Porous Media

The presence of humic acid (HA) in water poses environmental problems because it enhances the transport of several contaminants. A series of column experiments was conducted toward studying HA transport in different porous media under various pH, ionic strength, and flow rate conditions. The results showed that decreasing pH and increasing ionic strength increased adsorption and therefore delayed the transport of HA in porous media. However, increasing flow rate accelerated the transport of HA in porous media. The effects of pH, ionic strength, and flow rate varied with the solid matrix and were more evident in sands of smaller average particle diameter than in those with larger ones. These factors must be considered when predicting the environmental fate of HA. The results also suggested that HA adsorption was an important process controlling HA transport and should be considered in studies of HA behavior in porous media.     

Adsorption of Reactive Dye on Chitin

The adsorption of reactive dye on chitin has been investigated with a view to obtain the design data for batch processing of effluents for dye adsorption. The effect of several factors governing the dye adsorption such as the adsorbent concentration, adsorbent size, temperature and pH have been elicited. Desorption of the dye at different temperatures and pH have also been investigated.     

改性泥炭对重金属离子的吸附

为了研究泥炭对重金属离子（Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋、Cd^2＋、Cr^6＋、Ni^2＋）吸附率的各种影响因素，依次进行了溶液pH、振荡时间、改性泥炭投加量、溶液初始浓度等条件试验。结果表明，改性后的泥炭在最适合的条件下，对这5种金属离子都有较强的去除效果，5种金属离子的最大吸附效率均在9096以上。     

有机改性对凹凸棒黏土吸附四环素类抗生素的影响

采用OECD guideline 106批量平衡吸附法研究四环素类抗生素在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性凹凸棒黏土(CTAB-ATP)上的吸附作用,并考察了溶液pH、吸附剂的投加量、离子强度对吸附过程的影响。结果表明,CTAB-ATP对四环素、土霉素、金霉素3种四环素类抗生素的吸附容量随着溶液pH的增加而增加;随着吸附剂投加量的增大而减小;随着离子强度的增加呈现缓慢减小的趋势。CTAB-ATP对四环素、土霉素、金霉素的吸附过程均符合准二级动力学模型(r0.998),吸附等温线较好地符合Langmuir等温式。有机改性凹凸棒黏土的疏水性增强,提高了对有机污染物的吸附能力,其沉降性能良好,这使其作为一种吸附剂用于实际抗生素废水的处理成为可能。     

Copper and other trace elements strongly bound to humic acids along sediment cores in the Ross Sea, Antarctica

Marine sediment cores sampled in three different areas, during the 1997/98 Italian Antarctic Expedition, were studied. The cores (40 cm) were immediately subdivided into 13 or 14 layers (2-4 cm) in order to obtain a high-depth resolution in the metal content and humic substance analyses. The results obtained for the amount of metals strongly bound to humic acids showed the following order: Cu > Zn > Co > As >or= Mn. The fraction of Cu, Zn and As bound to humic acid (microg g(-1) of HA) increases in the first 10-12 cm of cores, then a decrease is observed. This observation could be related both to the presence of a mobile fraction of metals in sediments successively bound to humic acids and to different structural features showed by humic acids along the cores, due to transformation processes. For the other metals a variable pattern along the cores was found.     

The Comparison of Phosphorus Pools from the Sediment in Two Bays of Lake Dianchi for Cyanobacterial Bloom Assessment

The different pools in the sediment from two bays with different scales of cyanobacterial bloom were studied to assess the trophic status. With large scale of cyanobacterial bloom in Haigeng bay the concentrations of different phosphorus fractions were higher than the corresponding concentrations in Macun bay, and especially WSP and AAP are the most evident, which indicates that there are more available and potential available phosphorus in Haigeng bay. The adsorption experiment also shows that the sediment in Haigeng bay is more saturated than that in Macun bay. Haigeng bay can be faced with the more serious ecological danger. Furthermore the death and deposit of a mass of algae can contribute to phosphorus released from sediment and help to the breakout of newborn cyanobacterial blooms.