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1.
化纤废水中二甲基亚砜和丙烯腈的高效液相色谱分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了同时测定化纤废水中二甲基亚砜和丙烯腈含量的高效液相色谱分析方法。采用HPLC-PDA,HypersilBDS C18色谱柱,以甲醇∶水=20∶80为流动相对试样中的二甲基亚砜和丙烯腈进行了测定。该方法适用于化纤废水中两组分的痕量分析,也可用于高浓度废水试样的测定。丙烯腈的最低检出浓度为0.2mg/L;满足了GB 8978污水综合排放标准中一级指标(2.0mg/L)的要求;同时也符合GB 11607渔业水质标准的要求(0.5mg/L)。二甲基亚砜尚未制定限量标准,方法的最低检出浓度为0.48mg/L。  相似文献   

2.
顶空气质联用法测定水中四乙基铅、松节油和丙烯腈   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
利用顶空气相色谱-质谱(HS/GC-MS)联用法对水中的四乙基铅、松节油和丙烯腈进行了检测分析,优化了实验参数。该方法线性关系良好,相关系数为0.997 0~0.999 9, 检出限为0.1~1.2 μg/L;方法用于饮用水、生活污水和工业废水中四乙基铅、松节油和丙烯腈的测定,并进行加标回收率实验,加标回收率为94.5%~104.4%;相对标准偏差为4.4%~9.5%。结果表明,方法能用于饮用水和废水中四乙基铅、松节油和丙烯腈的测定,效果满意。  相似文献   

3.
填充柱(FID)-顶空气相色谱法测定水和废水中丙烯腈   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文用顶空气相色谱法测定水和废水中丙烯腈,具有简便、快速、灵敏、准确,干扰少,适用性强等优点,适用于不同类型的环境水样分析。  相似文献   

4.
总结了常用测定丙烯腈原料含量方法存在的不足,提出了以100减去水分和有机杂质的方法来确定丙烯腈含量。并对瓣老测定方法进行对比验证,结果表明,改进的方法操作简单,数据准确,可行。  相似文献   

5.
水中的乙醛、丙烯醛、丙烯腈和吡啶经吹扫捕集、解吸后,用HP-VOC毛细管色谱柱进行GC分离,用GC-MS法选择离子模式(SIM)下进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明,选择取样量25 m L,吹扫流量为40 m L/min,吹扫温度为40℃,吹扫时间为15 min,解吸时间为2 min,解吸温度为200℃,烘焙时间20 min,乙醛和吡啶质量浓度在0.025~0.60 mg/L之间,丙烯醛和丙烯腈质量浓度在0.002 5~0.10 mg/L之间时,校准曲线呈线性关系,相关系数r0.995,乙醛、丙烯醛、丙烯腈和吡啶的方法检出限分别为0.001 6,0.001 3,0.000 5和0.002 1 mg/L。对3个不同浓度样品进行空白加标实验,测量的回收率为87.8%~114.3%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.51%~10.4%。对3批实际水样进行分析,其中一个废水水样加标回收率为79.2%~103.8%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为3.04%~6.39%。  相似文献   

6.
利用顶空—气相色谱对水中乙醛、丙烯醛、丙烯腈和吡啶进行检测分析,优化了实验参数。该方法在0.1~5.0 mg/L范围线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.999 6,当取样量为10 ml时,方法检出限分别为0.03、0.02、0.01、0.02 mg/L。该方法用于空白加标和实际水样分析,加标回收率为75.5%~113%,相对标准偏差在2.7%~7.1%。本方法操作简单,选择性好,灵敏度、准确度高,可用于地表水、生活污水和工业污水中乙醛、丙烯醛、丙烯腈和吡啶的测定,效果满意。  相似文献   

7.
采用大容量活性炭管吸附环境空气,丙酮-二硫化碳混合溶液(体积比为1∶1)超声解吸目标物,用气相色谱法(带FID检测器)同时测定样品中乙腈和丙烯腈。通过优化试验条件,使方法在1.00 mg/L~50.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,乙腈和丙烯腈的方法检出限均为0.003 mg/m3。低、中、高3个质量浓度水平的模拟环境样品6次测定结果的RSD为3.4%~7.0%,加标回收率为86.8%~102%。用该方法在北京某石化公司厂界布设采样点测定,结果为未检出。  相似文献   

8.
采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定水中的丙烯醛和丙烯腈,方法在5.00μg/L~200μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限分别为4.9μg/L和0.3μg/L。用该方法测定3个质量浓度水平的空白加标样,7次测定结果的RSD为2.8%~6.7%,加标回收率为90.4%~98.3%。用该方法测定某水库和某河流的地表水,丙烯醛和丙烯腈均未检出。  相似文献   

9.
对某畜禽养殖废水连续采样,利用荧光光谱法研究畜禽养殖废水的三维荧光特性。结果表明:该废水的三维荧光光谱有两个荧光峰,分别为270 nm/297 nm和315 nm/410 nm,两峰的强度之比为3.45~4.94;该畜禽养殖废水由蛋白质、腐酸、尿液及阴离子表面活性剂组成;各峰的峰位置及峰强度比值都可作为判断废水是否为该畜禽养殖场废水的依据。该方法可用来鉴别污水种类,追溯污染来源。  相似文献   

10.
气相色谱法测定废水中的丙烯腈   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
用405有机担体填充体,氢火焰检测器直接进样的气相色谱法测定废水中丙烯腈,检测限0.1mg/L,加标回收率93.8% ̄107.8%,变异系数1.3% ̄3.7%。同时可检测乙腈、丙酮等组分。样品经酸化于4℃冷藏可保存9d。  相似文献   

11.
The objective of this study is to assess the risk of insufficient water supply posed by high-turbidity water. Several phenomena can pose risks to the sufficiency of a water supply; this study concerns risks to water treatment plants from particular properties of rainfall and raw water turbidity. High-turbidity water can impede water treatment plant operations; rainfall properties can influence the degree of soil erosion. Thus, water turbidity relates to rainfall characteristics. Exceedance probabilities are presented for different rainfall intensities and turbidities of water. When the turbidity of raw water is higher than 5,000 NTU, it can cause operational problems for a water treatment plant. Calculations show that the turbidity of raw water at the Ban-Sin water treatment plant will be higher than 5,000 NTU if the rainfall intensity is larger than 165 mm/day. The exceedance probability of high turbidity (turbidity >5,000 NTU) in the Ban-Sin water treatment plant is larger than 10%. When any water treatment plant cannot work regularly, its ability to supply water to its customers is at risk.  相似文献   

12.
供水厂水质状况分析   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
通过对西江某供水厂的水源水与出厂水水质进行分析研究 ,可知供水厂的水处理效果主要表现在对降低出水的浊度、色度和总细菌数等指标上 ,对大部分水溶性物质的减少无效或效果较低。为保证和提高饮用水的安全性和水质 ,除需提高供水厂的水处理效果和能力外 ,根本出路在于从环境管理与立法等角度 ,加大对水源水的保护力度 ,减少对饮用水源的排污  相似文献   

13.
Available water quality indices have some limitations such as incorporating a limited number of water quality variables and providing deterministic outputs. This paper presents a hybrid probabilistic water quality index by utilizing fuzzy inference systems (FIS), Bayesian networks (BNs), and probabilistic neural networks (PNNs). The outputs of two traditional water quality indices, namely the indices proposed by the National Sanitation Foundation and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, are selected as inputs of the FIS. The FIS is trained based on the opinions of several water quality experts. Then the trained FIS is used in a Monte Carlo analysis to provide the required input-output data for training both the BN and PNN. The trained BN and PNN can be used for probabilistic water quality assessment using water quality monitoring data. The efficiency and applicability of the proposed methodology is evaluated using water quality data obtained from water quality monitoring system of the Jajrood River in Iran.  相似文献   

14.
The WWF water risk assessment tool is a universal methodology, as the establishment of its indicators fully consider various types of natural and social environments. When this tool is applied to China, a large country with a complex water situation in a period of rapid development, appropriate localization adjustment is necessary to ensure that indicators are generally stable and assessment results are internationally comparable. Based on the localization of WWF water risk assessment tools, this is the first application assessing water risk in China in terms of physical risks, regulatory risks and reputation risks. It explores the sources of China's water risk from industrial sectors and constructs a classification index system according to the degree of water dependence and the level of water pollution. Using the classification index system and relevant data, we find the key industrial sectors, enterprises and production processes to reduce water risk in China's ten major water valleys and offer some effective and practical management suggestions. Due to the large regional differences of water risk-bearing capacity in China, the assessment results should be interpreted in combination with specific national conditions of China and emphasis should be laid on key areas and industries.  相似文献   

15.
This research evaluates the lifetime cancer risks from trihalomethanes in Tehran's drinking water. The Trihalomethanes were measured in seven different water districts. Sixty-three samples were taken from tap water across the city for 7 months. The samples were analyzed for trihalomethanes using US EPA method 524.2. The average concentration of total trihalomethanes in different districts were between 0.81 and 9.0 μg/L, and the highest concentrations were detected in district 2 at 19.5 μg/L. Total lifetime cancer risks assessment from exposure to trihalomethanes in drinking water (ingestion, inhalation, and skin routes) were performed for people living in different districts in Tehran. The lifetime cancer risk was 7.19 × 10(-5) in district 2 (a more affluent neighborhood) where mostly surface water sources is used to supply drinking water and 9.38 × 10(-6) in district 7 (a less affluent neighborhood) which is mainly supplied with well water sources. Based on the population data, the total expected lifetime cancer cases from exposure to trihalomethanes are 104, 108, 81, 81, 41, 27, and three for districts 1 through 7, respectively. The average lifetime cancer risk was 4.33 × 10(-5) which means a total of 606 lifetime cancer cases for the entire province of Tehran. The highest risk from THMs seems to be from the inhalation route followed by ingestion and dermal contacts.  相似文献   

16.
In this paper, a new game theoretic methodology is developed for interbasin water transfer management with regard to economic, equity, and environmental criteria. The main objective is to supply the competing users in a fair way, while the efficiency and environmental sustainability criteria are satisfied and the utilities of water users are incorporated. Firstly, an optimization model is developed to proportionally allocate water to the competing users in water donor and receiving basins based on their water demands. Secondly, for different coalitions of water users, the water shares of the coalitions are determined using an optimization model with economic objectives regarding the physical and environmental constraints of the system. In order to satisfy water-quality requirements, the impacts of decreasing the instream flow in donor basin are estimated using a water-quality simulation model, and the required treatment levels for effluents discharged into the river, downstream of the water transfer point are determined. Finally, to achieve equity and to provide sufficient incentives for water users to participate in the cooperation, some cooperative game theoretic approaches are utilized for reallocation of net benefits to water users. This model is applied to a large-scale interbasin water allocation problem including two different basins struggling with water scarcity in Iran. The results show that this model can be utilized as an effective tool for optimal interbasin water allocation management involving stakeholders with conflicting objectives subject to physical and environmental constraints.  相似文献   

17.
水环境质量综合评价的新模型   总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23  
为检验已订的水环境质量评价标准的合理性,解决各单项水质指标的评估结果的不相容性问题,提高水质等级模型的分辨率,提出了一种新的水质评价模型-逻辑斯谛曲线(LOG)模型,它的水质等级是连续的实数值;根据LOG模型的参数值可以分析各水质指标值对水质等级的影响程度,从而检验原订水质等级标准的合理性;并给出了基于实码遗传算法的LOG建模的实施方案.实例研究说明,这套方案是实用的和通用的,在其它环境质量综合评价中也具有广泛的应用价值.  相似文献   

18.
This investigation conducted a full-scale survey the drinking water distribution system in Kaohsiung city, Taiwan. The aim was to investigate whether the distribution system was capable of maintaining high water quality from the water treatment facilities through to the end user. The results showed that the distribution system can maintain high water quality, except for suitable chlorine residuals. The authors plotted chlorine residual contour maps to identify areas with low chlorine residuals, helping them prioritize sections that must be flushed or renewal. The contour maps also provide sufficient and clear information for locating booster chlorination stations. Contour maps enable water facilities to identify how water quality decays in the distribution systems and the locations of such decay. Water quality decay can be caused by properties of pipeline materials, hydraulic conditions, and/or biofilm thickness. However, understanding the exact reasons is unnecessary because the contour maps provide sufficient information for trouble-shooting the distribution systems.  相似文献   

19.
A potentially important exposure route for humans is the ingestion of chemicals via drinking water. If comprehensive exposure assessments are to be completed for either existing or proposed new chemicals and cost effective control strategies developed, then a quantitative understanding of multimedia transport and fate of specific chemical pollutants must be achieved. Mathematical models provide a powerful framework into which quantitative relationships may be placed to provide guidance in reaching water quality goals. Existing, state-of-the-art media-specific toxic organic transport and fate models for atmospheric (DiDOT), land surface (NPS) and surface water processes (EXAMS) and potable water treatment (WTP) have been linked to demonstrate the technical feasibility of such an approach. Limited application and sensitivity testing of this linked modeling system has shown that the impact of various source loadings and control strategies on drinking water quality can be estimated.  相似文献   

20.
Lakes are seriously affected due to urban pollution. The study of the morphological features of a lake system helps to identify its environmental status. The objective of the present study is to analyse the influence of morphometry on water quality in a lake (Akkulam-Veli Lake, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala). The morphological features namely mean depth, surface area, volume, shoreline length, shoreline development and index of basin permanence have been evaluated. Correlation analysis has been conducted to determine the relationship between morphological features and water quality. Regression analysis has been conducted to find out the extent of influence of morphometric features on water quality. The study revealed that the lake is less affected by wind-induced wave action due to various reasons. The depth and volume have significant role in the water quality. The nitrogen fixation of blue green algae can be observed from the morphological features. The morphology has greater role in the water quality of a lake system.  相似文献   

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