二溴羟基苯基荧光酮-OP胶束荧光熄灭法测定地面水中的微量铁(Ⅲ)

本文基于Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）二溴羟基苯基荧光酮（ＤＢＨ—ＰＦ）ＯＰ体系的荧光熄灭效应,提出一种测定微量铁（Ⅲ）的新荧光方法,在ｐＨ３８４８的缓冲介质范围内和ＯＰ存在下,Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）与ＤＢＨＰＦ形成１∶３的络合物,络合物的最大激发波长和发射波长分别是３６５ｎｍ和５６０ｎｍ。铁（Ⅲ）量在０１６～１８０μｇ／Ｌ范围内与△Ｆ成线性关系,检测限为０１６μｇ／Ｌ,方法用于地面水中微量铁的测定,结果满意。     

地表水BOD_5的快速预测预报

地表水五日生化需氧量（ＢＯＤ５）的测试需要五天时间，分析周期较长。本文建立了ＢＯＤ５与高锰酸盐指数（ＣＯＤＭｎ）、ＢＯＤ５与溶解氧（ＤＯ）之间的直线回归方程，通过测定地表水的ＣＯＤＭｎ和ＤＯ可分别对地表水的ＢＯＤ５实现快速预测预报。现场使用溶解氧测定仪检测ＤＯ，可立即预报地表水的ＢＯＤ５。     

水体表面微层中DBP和DEHP的色谱测定

建立了用气相色谱（ＧＣ）和反相高效液相色谱（ＲＰＨＰＬＣ）分析邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（ＤＢＰ）和邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯（ＤＥＨＰ）的方法。首次在ＨＰＬＣ中用异丙醇作为流动相分离上述两种化合物,取得满意的结果。ＧＣ的检测限为ＤＢＰ２ｎｇ,ＤＥＨＰ２ｎｇ。ＨＰＬＣ的检测限为ＤＢＰ５ｎｇ,ＤＥＨＰ１０ｎｇ。两种方法都有良好的精密度、回收率,并用这两种分析方法分析了湖水水体表面微层水样中的ＤＢＰ和ＤＥＨＰ     

Bi（Ⅱ）──APDC共沉淀富集脱脂棉分离FAAS测定水中痕量Pb、Cd

Ｂｉ（Ⅱ）──ＡＰＤＣ共沉淀富集脱脂棉分离ＦＡＡＳ测定水中痕量Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ王林涛，杨玲（云南玉溪地区环境监测站，６５３１００）取加热浓缩至２０ｍｌ的水样，加入Ｂｉ（Ⅱ）（１００μｇ／ｍｌ）３ｍｌ、ＡＰＤＣ３ｍｌ，ＮａＯＡＣＨＯＡＣ缓冲液２ｍｌ，调ｐＨ至...     

BOD5稀释倍数的探讨

对稀释法测定生化需氧量（ＢＯＤ５）稀释倍数探讨如下。１已知ＣＯＤ值对于初次测定成分复杂的工业废水,若已知ＣＯＤ（Ｃ）值,其α（ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤ）一般在０２～０８之间,则ＢＯＤ５＝（０２～０８）ＣＯＤ根据《水和废水监测分析方法（第３版）》,ＢＯ...     

总量控制模型在河流水质预测中的应用

本文根据卫河实际情况，采用总量控制模型对卫河水质中有机污染指标化学耗氧量（ＣＯＤ）和生化需氧量（ＢＯＤ５）进行了预测，取得了与实际监测数据较为接近的结果，其中ＣＯＤ预测精度达８５％，ＢＯＤ５预测精度则达到了９５％以上。该方法简便直观、易于掌握，具有较强的实用性。     

N─苯甲酰苯基羟胺／吡啶偶氮染料配体交换反应萃取分光光度法测定固体废物浸出液中的微量钒

在强酸性介质中，ＶＯ３与Ｎ－苯甲酰苯基羟胺（ＢＰＨＡ）反应生成紫红色络合物，能定量地被ＣＨＣＬ３萃取．萃取液加入２－（５－溴－２－吡啶偶氮）－５－二乙氨基酚（５—Ｂｒ—ＰＡＤＡＰ）后可发生配体交换反应，并生成橙红色的Ｖ（Ｖ）－５—Ｂｒ—ＰＡＤＡＰ络合物，有机相可直接用于光度测定．Ｖ（Ｖ）－５—Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ的最大吸收波长为６００ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数为５．４Ｘ１０￣４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，线性范围为０～０．７６μｇｖ／ｗｌ。     

膜电极法测定BOD5

讨论了用膜电极测定生化需氧量（ＢＯＤ５）的方法，并作传统的碘量法进行了比较。数据表明，对于地表水的测定，２种方法测得结果无明显差异，用膜电极法测定ＢＯＤ５方法的精密度和准确度可以满足地表水监测的要求。     

五日生化需氧量测定中稀释倍数的估算

假定样品经过培养后耗氧率达５５％；推导出ＢＯＤ５稀释倍数Ｋ＝ＢＯＤ５／４．４，由稀释程度规定推导出ＢＯＤ５稀释倍数Ｋ＝（ＢＯＤ５－１）／４．０两种方法Ｋ基本相同，标准样品，工业废水经上述方法稀释后，测定结果比较满意，尤其对工业废水测定，既缩短了分析时间，又降低了测定误差。     

工业废水BOD5与CODCr相关关系的探讨

工业废水ＢＯＤ_５与ＣＯＤ_（Ｃｒ）相关关系的探讨刘会君（朝阳市环境监测站１２２０００）生化需氧量ＢＯＤ５作为水质监测和水质污染评价的一项重要指标已被广泛应用于环境科学领域中。ＢＯＤ５测定目前还普遍采用经典的接种稀释法．即在２０℃下培养５ｄ，然后测定耗...     

气溶胶PM2.5中内分泌干扰物酞酸酯类的研究

通过选择17种酞酸脂的目标化合物的特征离子对PM2.5样品进行特征离子的扫描,有效建立了高灵敏度的PM2.5酞酸脂类(PAE)的GC-MS-SIM的测定方法;检出限均达到了ng级的水平。气溶胶PM2.5中酞酸脂类(PAE)的污染特征:清洁对照点以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)为主;二类区以邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)占主导成分。     

大气中酮类化合物污染事故应急监测

研究了大气中低分子量酮类化合物的气相色谱测定方法 ,进行了线性范围、精密度和准确度实验。结果表明 ,该方法具有简便快捷、准确灵敏的特点 ,适合于大气污染事故应急监测     

便携式GC-MS在应急监测中的应用

建立了便携式GC-MS测定空气和水体中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的方法,能快速、有效地对空气中37种和水体中54种挥发性有机物进行现场定性和定量。具有相关性好、检出限低、精密度好、准确度高的特点,适用于空气和水体中挥发性有机物的应急监测工作。     

邻苯二甲酸酯在松花江吉林段水体中的分布规律

邻苯二甲酸酯是一类含有苯环的有机污染物,易在生物体内富集,所以开展水体中邻苯二甲酸酯的分布规律研究至关重要。对松花江吉林段2008年3月份不同监测断面的水体进行监测,通过GC-MS定性分析和GC定量分析,确定该江段水体邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物的分布规律、污染状况与污染水平。研究结果表明,松花江吉林段水体中主要的邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物是邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯,其分布的总体趋势是更易存在于水相中。     

Phthalates removal efficiency in different wastewater treatment technology in the Eastern Cape,South Africa

The removal capacity of different wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) technologies adopted in rural areas for phthalate was investigated in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Wastewater samples collected from three selected WWTPs which use activated sludge (AS), trickling filter (TF), and oxidation pond (OP) technology were extracted using the solid-phase extraction method followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The six selected phthalate esters (PAEs) dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) were detected in all the samples collected from the WWTPs. DBP was the most abundant compound in the influent, effluent, and sludge samples with a maximum detection of 2497 μgL^?1, 24.2 μgL^?1, and 1249 μg/g dW, respectively, followed by DEHP and BBP. There was a relatively high removal capacity achieved by AS in Alice, TF in Berlin, and OP in Bedford with a removal efficiency that varied between 77 and 99%, 76 and 98%, and 61 and 98%, respectively. A high significant correlation of PAE removal with total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity suggests that the removal performance proceeded more through adsorption on settling particles and sludge than on biodegradation. However, the concentrations of PAEs detected in the final effluent and sludge samples exceeded acceptable levels allowed internationally for a safe aquatic environment. AS may have exhibited a more stable and better performance across the different seasons; however, pollution source control still deserves a special attention to prevent the risk posed by these micropollutants.     

Determination of PAHs by On-Line Polarization Synchronous Fluorescence with HPLC

A novel analytical method has been established for on-line simultaneous determination of fluorene and acenaphthene,chrysene and benzo[a]anthracene (B[a]A) by polarization synchronous fluoromet.y (PSF) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The detection limits were: 0.039, 0.046, 0.016 and 0.042 mgL-1 for fluorene, acenaphthene, chrysene and B[a]A, respectively. The proposed method has been successfisily applied to simultaneous determination of these PAHs in environmental air and marine sediment samples.     

Distributions of phthalic esters carried by total suspended particulates in Nanjing, China

Atmospheric trace phthalic esters (PAEs) carried by total suspended particulates were systematically investigated. A total of 450 air samples were collected at six typical locations and three specific micro-environmental sites (a stadium with a new plastic track, new cars, and a farming greenhouse with plastic film) in Nanjing metropolitan area of China from April 2009 to January 2010. The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The dominant PAEs are dimethyl phthalate (DMP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which were found in the atmosphere of Nanjing. The average concentrations of DMP, DBP, and DEHP were 10.5?±?1.2, 62.3?±?4.5, and 33.3?±?2.5?ng?m(-3), respectively, constituting 9.9%, 58.7%, and 31.4% of total PAEs (106?±?8.2?ng?m(-3)). (2) The dynamic variations of atmospheric PAEs in the three specific micro-environmental sites showed that the PAE concentrations in the stadium with a new plastic track reduced to normal after 1?month remediation, while new cars need 6?months to remove their effect. The levels of PAEs in a farming greenhouse with plastic film were relatively high, but little PAEs accumulated in vegetables. (3) The vertical profiles from 1.5 to 40?m above ground display some fluctuations in PAE concentration, but no significant height dependence. This information will make a valuable contribution to the examination of the influence of atmospheric PAEs on the environment and human health.     

A catalogue of urban hydrocarbons for the city of Leeds: atmospheric monitoring of volatile organic compounds by thermal desorption-gas chromatography

A method has been developed for the speciation and quantitative determination of hydrocarbons in urban air in the city of Leeds. Hydrocarbons were pre-concentrated by adsorbent tube air sampling and analyzed using thermal desorption and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and structural confirmation by mass spectrometric detection. While automated volatile organic compound (VOC) analyzers produced data for a maximum of about 30 compounds simultaneously, with the method described here, a total of 68 C6-C12 hydrocarbons were measured simultaneously in one analysis at parts per billion (ppb) levels. Several monitoring surveys were performed, one during the winter of 1993 and the other in the summer of 1994, at a number of sites to investigate the levels of VOCs identified in the urban air of Leeds.     

气相色谱法测定环境空气中2-甲基吡啶的方法

研究建立了活性炭管吸附,甲醇解吸,气相色谱法测定环境空气中2-甲基吡啶的方法。该法的检出限为1.8×10~(-3)mg/m~3,线性相关系数r为0.999 6,精密度RSD为1.3%~2.9%,回收率为82%~84%。该方法简单,干扰较少,结果准确、可靠,重现性好,适用于环境空气中2-甲基吡啶的测定。     

Techniques and methods for the determination of haloacetic acids in potable water

Haloethanoic (haloacetic) acids (HAAs) are formed as disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during the chlorination of natural water to make it fit for consumption. Sundry analytical techniques have been applied in order to determine the concentrations of the HAAs in potable water supplies: gas chromatography (GC-MS, GC-ECD); capillary electrophoresis (CE); liquid chromatography (LC), including ion chromatography (IC); and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Detection limits required to analyze potable water samples can be regularly achieved only by GC-ECD and ESI-MS. Without improvements in preconcentration or detector sensitivity, CE and LC will not find application to potable water supplies. The predominant GC-ECD methods use either diazomethane or acidified methanol to esterify (methylate) the carboxylic acid moiety. For HAA5 analytes, regulated under the EPA's Stage 1 DBP Rule, diazomethane is satisfactory. For HAA9 data gathered under the Information Collection Rule, acidified methanol outperforms diazomethane, which suffers from photo-promoted side reactions, especially for the brominated trihaloacetic acids. Although ESI-MS can meet sensitivity and selectivity requirements, limited instrumentation availability means this technique will not be widely used for the time being. However, ESI-MS can provide valuable confirmatory information when coupled with GC-ECD in a research setting.