农村生活垃圾产生特征及分类收集模式

以南京市高淳县的一个村为研究对象，依托新建的农村生活垃圾分类收集系统，对该区域生活垃圾的产生量、组成成分及其动态变化进行了调查研究，从垃圾分类收集模式的运行效果和经济可行性对其进行了分析。结果表明，该地区农村人均垃圾产生量为0.4 kg/d ，但随季节有一定的波动，这主要是由食品类消费的季节性变动而引起。垃圾组成以有机垃圾为主，约占55%，可回收垃圾、其他垃圾和有害垃圾所占比例分别为30.5%、14.2%和0.34%。通过认真的宣传和指导，村民在较短的时间内基本都可以做到正确分类；垃圾分类收集系统的户均建设成本为21元，运行费用比分类收集前每户每月增加3.2元 。     

我国生活垃圾的处理现状及分类处理方法浅析

无论何种形式的垃圾处理方法都会使资源打折扣。从源头对生活垃圾进行分类可将资源浪费、有毒有害物质的危害降至最低,实现可再生能源最大限度的提取。政府出台政策,推动垃圾产业化、建全分类设施、普及分类知识是实现垃圾处理的资源化、无害化、减量化、社会化的有效措施。     

城市生活垃圾分类处理机制研究

简述了城市生活垃圾分类处理的理论原则,对比分析了国内外城市生活垃圾分类处理在法律法规、资金保障措施、垃圾分类收集方式和全民环境意识教育4个方面的做法与特点。提出了健全垃圾分类处理体制机制,推进生产者延伸责任制模式,完善垃圾分类收运体系,提高全民环境意识水平的建议。     

北京首次设立垃圾分类贡献奖

近日从北京市政市容委获悉,为鼓励垃圾分类,北京将首次设立生活垃圾分类贡献奖和生活垃圾＂零废弃＂贡献奖两个奖项。其中,个人最高奖励500元,每年评选1 000人。北京市政市容委近日下发《北京市生活垃圾分类奖励细则》,对在垃圾分类中做出贡献的对象实施物质奖励,     

兰州市城市生活垃圾分类收集方法初探

在分析兰州市城市生活垃圾产生量及成分的基础上，对兰州市生活垃圾的分类及分类收集的具体方法进行了探讨。     

浅析无锡城市垃圾处理发展方向

对垃圾成分和数量进行了分析,结合国内外垃圾处理的发展状况,针对无锡市的实际情况,提出了加强垃圾分类收集,以分选回收、焚烧、再生等手段实现垃圾的资源化系统。     

湿地序列监测图像的地物目标分类方法

针对固定观测站采集的序列图像中光照变化和背景复杂的问题，将图像序列作为图像在时间维的拓展，提出一种结合颜色空间变换和神经网络的目标分类方法，以辽河口湿地为例开展实地观测试验。基于前期现场调查得到的地物分布信息，将序列图像转换至HSV空间，选择像素小区域作为样本训练多层神经网络，获得更高维度分类依据映射，并完成潮滩生态监测区域目标分类及重要湿地植物翅碱蓬的分布信息提取。对提取结果进行定量验证，该方法整体精确率稳定在90%左右。     

城市生活垃圾理化特性研究

本文对北京昌平冬季城市生活垃圾的理化特性进行了研究。测定了垃圾的物相组成，分析了垃圾中Ｃ、Ｈ、Ｏ、Ｎ、Ｓ的含量，进行了原生垃圾浸出毒性试验，测定了垃圾的发热量及其它化学性能，为探索城市垃圾的减量化、无害化、资源化的技术途径提供了技术支持。     

四川省城市生活垃圾的组成及特性

对四川省典型城市生活垃圾的组成、元素分析及热值等实验结果进行分析,结果表明:典型城市生活垃圾具有厨余含量高(57.4%～66.1%)、渣土含量少(1.9%～11.7%)的特点;四川省城市生活垃圾热值介于4 200～5 500 kJ/kg之间,且大部分处在4 800～5 500 kJ/kg之间;攀枝花、绵阳和成都市金牛区城市生活垃圾热值较高,适合采用焚烧法,内江和遂宁的城市生活垃圾热值偏低,宜采用填埋的方法。     

兰州市封闭垃圾道、实行垃圾袋装化收集的作用

通过问卷调查和走访相结合的方式，了解到兰州市垃圾收集的现状及存在的问题，对兰州市实行生活垃圾袋装化收集的作用进行了阐述．得出：实行袋装化收集对垃圾的清运，城市卫生建设，废物利用以及试行分类收集有着重要的作用，并对兰州市垃圾收集工作提出了相关建议．     

PCR技术对水中病原体的检测

水中有病毒、细菌、原生动物、蠕虫等多种病原体。常规的检测方法是用大肠菌作为病原体的指示生物,但是大肠菌的生存特性与病毒、原生动物差异较大,难以指示病毒、原生动物的存在与否。对每一种病原体单独进行检测,费时、费力。由于PCR技术具有快速、灵敏、特异的特点,使得它对于水中病原体的检测具有较高的应用价值。     

近十年京杭运河苏州段底泥重金属生态风险分析

采用Hakonson生态风险指数法对京杭运河苏州段近十年来底泥重金属污染进行评价，对其空间分布和时间分布规律进行了分析。结果表明，京杭运河苏州段重金属为低生态风险等级，汞和镉为主要的生态风险因子，城区老运河段重金属生态风险指数最高。近十年来，京杭运河苏州段底泥重金属潜在生态风险指数呈下降趋势，重金属污染得到有效的控制。     

乌鲁木齐市水磨河水质状况评价与污染成因分析

利用单因子指数法和综合污染指数法,对乌鲁木齐市水磨河4个监测断面水质情况进行了评价。结果表明:搪瓷厂泉为超标水体;七纺桥为Ⅴ类水体,达到农业灌溉用水要求;联丰桥断面、米泉桥断面为劣Ⅴ类水体,没有达到农业灌溉用水要求。生活源和工业源化学需氧量、氨氮等污染物的排入对水体产生了严重影响,造成水体重污染。     

Variations in the level of some trace elements in hair of participants in the Italian expeditions in Antarctica

As a part the Italian National Programme of Research in Antarctica (PNRA) a monitoring study has been undertaken to quantify the concentrations of some selected trace elements in human hair of participants in the Antarctic expeditions. Such concentrations may vary as a consequence of the extreme environmental conditions and changes in lifestyle experienced by participants in the expeditions, as some evidence in previous investigations seems to suggest. The present study regards samples collected on the occasion of the 2002-2003 expedition to the Italian Base of Terra Nova Bay (now Mario Zucchelli Base), i.e., just before the expedition and about one month later. Seven essential elements were taken into account, namely, Ca, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn and Mo. Determinations were performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Dynamic Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (DRC-ICP-MS). Data obtained were statistically treated by using the non-parametric Friedman test. The concentrations of Ca, Cu and Mg were found to decrease (P < 0.05). The stress caused by the severe environmental conditions might well play a role in the observed decrease.     

Variations in the physicochemical characteristics of the Buffalo River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

The physicochemical characteristics of the Buffalo River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were evaluated using standard methods. The assessment was carried out with total of 72 water samples collected from six sites over a 12-month period, from August 2010 to July 2011. Water temperature ranged from 11 to 28 °C, while pH varied from 6.6 to 10.7 and turbidity from 1.7 to 133 NTU. Electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity showed drastic variations (42.3–46,693 μS/cm, 20.3–23,350 mg/l and 0.02–33.8 PSU, respectively) and the significantly (P?<?0.05) higher mean values of these parameters recorded at Parkside reflect the influence of seawater at the Buffalo River estuary. The concentrations of other parameters ranged as follows: chloride (3.7–168 mg/l), DO (6.9–11.1), BOD (0.6–9.4), COD (3.7–45.9), nitrite–nitrogen (0.02–0.21), nitrate–nitrogen (1–4.47) and orthophosphate (0.01–1.72). There was a significant positive correlation between water temperature and DO (r?=?0.200; P?<?0.01). Significant (P?<?0.01) positive correlations also existed between TDS and salinity (r?=?0.921), COD and each of salinity (r?=?0.398), TDS (r?=?0.375) and chloride (r?=?0.330), nitrate and phosphate (r?=?0.323) and BOD and turbidity (r?=?0.290). Significant (p?<?0.01) inverse relationships existed between DO and each of phosphate (r?=??0.295) and nitrate (r?=??0.168). We conclude that the Buffalo River water quality deteriorated in the plains, compared with the upper reaches. Urgent measures are needed to safeguard the river in view of the potential health concerns as many households rely solely on the untreated river water.     

State of the Estuaries in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States

The U.S. EPA has prepared a State of the Region Report for Mid-Atlantic Estuaries to increase knowledge of environmental condition for improved environmental management. Sources of information included the National Estuary Programs, the Chesapeake Bay Program, the state monitoring programs in Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, Federal programs such as National Status & Trends, National Shellfish Register, National Wetlands Inventory, the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program, and other primary literature sources. The state of the estuarine environment was summarized using indicators for water and sediment quality, habitat change, condition of living resources, and aesthetic quality. Each indicator was briefly discussed relative to its importance in understanding estuarine condition. Wherever possible, data from multiple programs were used to depict condition. Finally, an overall evaluation of estuarine condition in the region was determined. The usefulness of monitoring programs that collect consistent information with a well-defined sampling design cannot be overemphasized.     

装潢居室空气中甲醛采样方法改进

对空气中甲醛测定的采样方法进行了探讨 ,分别用水和稀硫酸作吸收液对空气甲醛进行采样研究。结果表明 ,用 0 .0 0 5mol LH2 SO4 作吸收液的采样方法 ,可有效、稳定地延长样品的保存时间 ,且又符合方法灵敏度和精密度的要求。     

我国环境污染治理投资的发展及存在问题

环境污染治理投资对于改善我国环境状况,遏制环境污染发展趋势具有重要作用.在界定了环境污染治理投资统计范围之后对我国环境污染治理投资的发展历程、投资结构进行了具体分析,其中重点分析了我国工业污染源治理投资的发展过程和投资结构,总结了我国环境污染治理投资存在的问题,以供决策部门参考.     

杨家幛子钼矿区土壤中重金属污染状况的评价

对杨家幛子钼矿区土壤重金属污染的情况进行了详细研究。选择土壤样本80个,采用HNO3-HF-HClO4混酸对土壤样品进行处理,运用等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定土壤样品中Pb、As、Hg、Cr、Cd、Zn、Cu、Ni、Mo的含量,全面系统地评价土壤重金属污染现状。结果表明,该矿区土壤重金属As、Cd和Hg污染较为严重,平均含量分别达154.13、74.92和3.06mg/kg。不同片区间存在明显差异,污染强度以矿山山沿污染最高,其次是运输区、选矿厂及矿区附近山地,内梅罗综合指数分别为59.98、59.33、52.14、42.44。