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1.
采用氢化物原子荧光法测定海水中的砷,进行了基体干扰实验与条件实验,建立新的海水砷的分析方法。方法检出限为0.077μg/L,方法精密度、准确度和加标回收率均能满足测定要求,该方法操作简单,分析速度快。  相似文献   

2.
对测定水中铅的原子荧光法和ICP-MS法进行了对比分析。通过标准曲线、方法检出限、精密度、准确度的测定对比,结果表明,原子荧光法标准曲线在0~50μg/L内线性良好,相关系数为0.9995,检出限为0.06μg/L,精密度为1.44%~3.83%,实际样品加标回收率为92.0%~104%;ICPMS法标准曲线在0~100μg/L内线性良好,相关系数为1.0000,检出限为0.02μg/L,精密度为1.02%~3.67%,实际加标回收率为95.0%~106%。  相似文献   

3.
高效离子色谱法检测F- 、CH3 COO- 、HCOO- 、Cl - 的方法研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在对离子色谱分析的研究过程中,建立了以0.12mmol/L Na2CO3和0.15mmol/L Na2HCO3为淋洗液,12.5mmol/L H2SO4为微膜抑制器的再生液,用HPIC-AS3串联HPIC-AG3的色谱系统,一次进样50mL可在8min内检测出μg/L级的F^-、CH3COO^-、HCOO^-、Cl^-,方法简便、经济快捷。经实验,甲酸、乙酸的检出限分别为2.56μg/L和17.4μg/L,F^-、Cl^-为1.87μg/L和8.82μg/L;方法精密度的相对标准差在0.4%-2.0%范围,样品加标回收率在97.7%-103.5%之间,完全能够满足降水样品和大气样品中F^-、Cl^-和低碳有机酸(甲酸、乙酸)的分析要求。在同一系统中只需要增加淋洗液浓度,采用一级梯度洗淋亦可完成对同一样品中其他阴离子(NO3^-、SO4^2-、PO4^3-)的检测。  相似文献   

4.
柱前衍生化-固相萃取-气相色谱法快速测定水中五氯酚   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
建立了柱前衍生化-固相萃取-气相色谱法快速测定水样中五氯酚的方法。结果表明,目标化合物在气相色谱条件下可以实现很好的基线分离,五氯酚在质量浓度0. 05~50. 0μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0. 998,方法检出限为0. 006μg/L,测定下限为0. 024μg/L,相对标准偏差均10%。该方法具有较高的精密度和准确度,且简便高效,适用于水体中五氯酚的测定。  相似文献   

5.
在文献调研基础上对地表水中四乙基铅的色谱法、光度法和光谱法适用情况,萃取、消解和浓缩等不同前处理方法对分析结果的影响以及样品保存条件进行了验证和研究。结果表明,测定水中四乙基铅的光谱和色谱方法均有其适用的特点,可以满足不同条件的实验室和水样的分析,改进后的双硫腙方法检出限可达到1.5μg/L,精密度15%,回收率88%~110%;ICP-MS法检出限可达0.01μg/L,精密度6%,回收率95%~101%;液液萃取-GC-MS检出限达0.1μg/L,精密度12%,回收率65%~78%;自动顶空-气相色谱法检出限可达0.05μg/L,精密度3%,回收率98%~100%;浓缩较消解和萃取更容易造成四乙基铅的损失;没有保护剂的条件下四乙基铅最好在8 h内分析完毕,加入甲醇和NaCl可以使采用顶空分析的样品保存3 d。其他不同保护剂的保存效果有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

6.
大体积进样-气相色谱法测定水中多种痕量有机磷农药   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
建立了大体积进样气相色谱-火焰光度法检测水中多种痕量有机磷农药的方法.重点研究了程序升温汽化(PTV)进样条件的选择,通过对分流排空量、吹扫时间、PIV起始温度等PTV参数的选择,优化了测试条件,提高了检测灵敏度.水中9种有机磷农药的线性良好,10ml水样中三乙基偶磷硫酯的检出限为0.01μg/L,硫磷嗪、致螟磷、甲拌磷、乐果、乙拌磷、甲基对硫磷、对硫磷和氨磺磷的检出限可达0.001μg/L.水中添加多种有机磷农药准确度精密度试验,平均回收率为85.8%~108%,相对标准差在3.3%~11.4%之间.与常规方法相比,该方法前处理简单快速、分析成本低.灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合地表水检测质量的要求,适用于水环境中多种农药残留的快速检测.  相似文献   

7.
以氢氧化钠为沉淀剂,依据Triton X-114的浊点现象分离沉淀,沉淀在浓盐酸作用下溶解,用原子吸收光谱法测定样品中痕量铜、铅、镉。通过试验优化测定条件,使该方法在0 mg/L~6.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,3种元素的方法检出限分别为0.028μg/L、0.006μg/L、0.028μg/L。将该方法用于水样、花粉中痕量铜、铅、镉的测定,RSD为2.8%~7.9%,加标回收率为92.0%~106%。  相似文献   

8.
流动注射法测定水和废水中挥发酚   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
采用流动注射法在线测定水和废水中挥发酚,优化了仪器测试条件,试验了铁氰化钾缓冲液的稳定性.该方法在0 μg/L~200 μg/L线性关系良好,检出限为0.7 μg/L,精密度和准确度均能满足要求,而且分析速度快,试剂消耗量少,适用于大批量饮用水、地表水、生活和工业排放废水中挥发酚的测定.  相似文献   

9.
采用电热原子吸收法测定水质中微量元素铅,并利用精密度——偏性分析质量控制试验,对其分析的方法进行了全面质量控制与评价,结果表明对低含量的测定(小于5μg/L)分析结果,精密度及准确度较差,但在可接受范围,其分析结果可能受到环境条件及干扰因素的影响.  相似文献   

10.
吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定水中痕量丁基黄原酸   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
建立了吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用测定水中丁基黄原酸的方法.丁基黄原酸在酸性条件下分解成易挥发的二硫化碳,经吹扫捕集富集后用气相色谱分离质谱定量测定.与传统的分光光度法相比,更简便快捷,在0.25~10.0μg/L范围内线性良好,准确度高,添加回收率为98.3%~105%,精密度好,相对标准偏差为5.92% ~ 10.7%,方法检出限为0.07μg/L.与顶空法相比,灵敏度更高.  相似文献   

11.
The dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen (including NO(2) and NH(3)) into a typical agro-ecosystem in Southeast China during 2006-2007 was estimated. Results indicated that the dry deposition velocities of NO(2) and NH(3) ranged from 0.04-0.24 cm s(-1) and 0.09-0.47 cm s(-1), respectively. The higher values appeared in the non-crop growing period. Concentrations of atmospheric NO(2) and NH(3) ranged from 24.64-104.10 μgN m(-3) and 14.40-389.6 μgN m(-3), respectively. Variation of the NH(3) mixing ratio showed a clear double-peak. NO(2) and NH(3) deposition fluxes were 74.68-80.75 kgN ha(-1), which was equivalent to 162.4 and 175.5 kg ha(-1) of urea applied in 2006-2007. The N deposition fluxes were 13.91-40.38 and 5.33-22.73 kgN ha(-1) in peanut and rice growing periods, accounting for 8.18%-40.38% and 2.13%-23.06% of N fertilizer usages, respectively. NO(2) and NH(3) deposition were significant for the red soil farmland.  相似文献   

12.
Indoor NO2 concentrations were measured in the kitchen, the living room and bedroom of 612 houses in two different areas in the Netherlands. In a group of housewives living in these homes, personal exposure to NO2 was measured. NO2 concentrations indoors were dependent on the presence or absence of (un)vented gas appliances. Personal NO2 exposure was only different between the two areas in the group with the lowest indoor concentrations. In this study, it was determined that gas appliances inside the house are the most important factor with respect to NO2 exposure and that outside NO2 concentration played a secondary role, except in situations where gas appliances were absent.  相似文献   

13.
利用银柱吸附海水中的Cl-离子,然后通过电导法离子色谱测定海水中的NO3-_N。研究结果表明,使用该方法测定海水中的NO3-_N,分析方法简单,测试结果准确,同一样品多次测定结果的相对标准偏差低于2.0%,检测结果不受干扰,检出限为0.008mgL,是监控海水中NO3-_N的有效方法。  相似文献   

14.
Seedlings of two full-sib families of loblolly pine expressing different degrees of sensitivity to O3 were exposed to 0.05 ppm O3, 0.10 ppm NO2, and/or 0.14 ppm SO2 for 6 hr/day for 28 consecutive days. The treatments were O3, NO2, SO2 (each used alone), O3+SO2, O3+NO2, and O3+NO2+SO2. Significant growth suppressions were noted with the relatively sensitive family in all but the the NO2 alone treatments. The O3+SO2 treatment had a more significant effect than O3 alone, but adding NO2 had an inconsistent effect. Significant growth suppressions were noted for the relatively non-sensitive family only in the O3+SO2 and O3+SO2+NO2 combination treatments. Adding NO2 to O3+SO2 had a slightly stimulatory effect. The relatively sensitive pine family suffered a 30% height growth suppression versus a 14% height growth suppression for the relatively insensitive family when exposed to the 3 pollutant combination. Symptoms were noted on less than 4% of the foliage in the most severe treatments. The pollutant concentrations used in this study were below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for each pollutant.  相似文献   

15.
Agricultural activity in the Pushkar Valley, Rajasthan is constrained due to limited availability of good quality water. In this context, occurrence of nitrate and fluoride in the groundwater was investigated and reported. Integration of stable isotope (18O) data with recharge characteristics (based on 3H-tracer studies) helps in clearly characterizing the processes controlling contamination by point and non-point sources. High nitrate and fluoride groundwaters are associated with high 18O waters. This indicates that significant quantities of evaporated (isotopically enriched) surface run-off water and rain water infiltrate along with nitrate and fluoride salts in the soil. The applicability of this approach under different hydrometeorological conditions is also confirmed.  相似文献   

16.
The CO, NO and NO2 concentrations, visibility and air flow velocity were measured using continuous analysers in a long Norwegian road tunnel (7.5 km) with traffic in both directions in April 1994 and 1995. The traffic density was monitored at the same time. The NO2 concentration exceeded Norwegian air quality limits for road tunnels 17% of the time in 1994. The traffic through the tunnel decreased from 1994 to 1995, and the mean NO2 concentration was reduced from 0.73 to 0.22 ppm. The ventilation fan control, based on the CO concentration only, was unsatisfactory and the air flow was sometimes low for hours. Models for NO2 concentration based on CO concentration and absolute air flow velocity were developed and tested. The NO2/NOx ratio showed an increase for NOx levels above 2 ppm; a likely explanation for this phenomenon is NO oxidation by O2. Exposure to high NO2 concentrations may represent a health risk for people with respiratory and cardiac diseases. In long road tunnels with two-way traffic, this study indicates that ventilation fan control based on CO concentration should be adjusted for changes in vehicle CO emission and should be supplemented by air flow monitoring to limit the NO2 concentration.  相似文献   

17.
South Africa has been identified as a source of industrial pollution that is significant at a global scale. This study was designed to provide quantitative information, by direct measurement, across northeastern South Africa, which includes the highly industrialised Mpumalanga Highveld. The specific aim of the study was to evaluate whether or not acidic atmospheric pollution poses a threat to soils, plants and water bodies of South Africa. To address this aim, a network of 37 passive sampling sites was established to measure monthly mean concentrations of near-surface SO2, NO2 and ozone. The area covered extended over the northern and eastern interior of South Africa while avoiding sources of local emissions such as towns, mines and highways. The field campaign was conducted between August 2005 and September 2007. Spatial distributions and temporal trends for these pollutant gases were assessed. Critical levels analysis comparisons were made against applicable air quality standards, guidelines and limits to evaluate the potential for adverse atmospheric pollution impacts on regional environments. The assessment indicates that only in the central source area of the South African industrial Highveld are some levels exceeded. In remote areas, including the sensitive forested regions of the Drakensberg escarpment, pollutant concentrations are below the critical thresholds for environmental damage.  相似文献   

18.
A study of the equivalence to the reference methods of the Radiello samplers for ozone (O(3)) and benzene as well as the membrane-closed Palmes tube (MCPT) for nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) is presented. These samplers benefit from new model equations capable of estimating their uptake rate. For O(3), the aim here was to demonstrate the equivalence for the reference period of 8 h and 120 microg m(-3), the target value of the 3rd European Daughter Directive. For benzene, the demonstration of equivalence to the annual limit value of 5 microg m(-3) of the 2nd European Daughter Directive was examined. In the case of NO(2), the equivalence to the annual limit value of the 1st European Daughter Directive (40 microg m(-3)) was considered. Results show that the radial sampler for O(3) fails to meet the Data Quality Objective (DQO) for continuous monitoring. However, with an expanded uncertainty of less than 30%, the O(3) diffusive sampler fulfils the DQO for indicative measurements. For benzene, the Radiello sampler exposed for 7 days gave satisfying results showing the ability of the sampler to meet the DQO of the reference method. Nevertheless, the field tests should be complemented by measurements for a wider range of benzene concentrations. In the case of NO(2), all the results of the laboratory and field experiments respected the requirements necessary for the demonstration of equivalence. Overall, these findings thus show that the Radiello sampler and the MCPT are equivalent to the reference methods only for assessment of benzene and NO(2), respectively.  相似文献   

19.
Determination of O3, NO2, SO2, CO and PM10 measured in Belgrade urban area   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
O(3), NO(2), SO(2), CO and PM(10) concentrations, simultaneously determined for the first time in Belgrade urban area in the autumnal period of 2005, are presented. The obtained results display similar behaviour of SO(2), NO(2), CO, PM(10) opposite from that of O(3). The weekend effect was also investigated showing diminution of average daily concentrations of SO(2), NO(2), PM(10) and CO for 72, 40, 37 and 42% respectively, and increase of the average daily concentration of O(3) for 56%. Influence of meteorological conditions on observed concentration levels was studied, too. The observed influence of wind speed on the O(3) nightly concentration levels was analyzed pointing to the phenomena of O(3) transport during episodic measurements. To make an identification of possible pollution sources and analyse the influence of meteorological parameters on pollution levels, air back trajectories for high level concentrations episodes were calculated and analysed. A multivariate receptor modelling (Principal Component Analysis, Cluster Analysis) has been applied to a set of data in order to determine the contribution of different sources. It was found that the main principal components, extracted from the air pollution data, were related to gasoline combustion, oil combustion and ozone transport.  相似文献   

20.
We present in this paper fifteen years' measurements, from March 1991 to September 2005, of stratospheric NO2 vertical columns measured by a SAOZ zenith-sky visible spectrometer. The instrument spent most of its time at Aberystwyth, Wales, with occasional excursions to other locations. The data have been analysed with the WinDOAS analysis program with low-temperature high-resolution NO2 cross-sections and fitting a slit function to each spectrum. Because of a change in detector in May 1998 there is some uncertainty about the relative changes before and after this date, which are partially constrained by the results of an intercomparison exercise. However, the effect of the Mt Pinatubo aerosol cloud is very evident in the data from 1991-94, with a decrease of 10% in NO2 in the summer of 1992 (the SAOZ was located in Lerwick, Scotland during the winter of 1991-92 and observed very low NO2 values but these cannot be directly compared to the Aberystwyth data). To focus more on interannual and long-term variations in NO2, a seasonal variation comprising an annual and semi-annual component was fitted to the morning and evening twilight separately from 1995 to the present. This fit yielded average NO2 columns of 4.08 x 10(15) cm(-2) and 2.68 x 10(15) cm(-2) for the evening and morning twilight, respectively, with a corresponding annual amplitude of +/-2.08 x 10(15) cm(-2) and +/-1.50 x 10(15) cm(-2). Departures from the fitted curve show a trend of 6% per decade, consistent with that reported elsewhere, for the period 1998-2003, but in the past two years a distinct interannual variation of amplitude of approximately 8% has emerged.  相似文献   

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