对叶绿素a测定方法的改进

近年来的每年夏季 ,太湖某些水域都不同程度的出现大量藻类 ,个别监测点位的藻类密度高达7 6亿个 /Ｌ。由于藻类计数方法繁琐 ,藻类暴发期对藻类密度的监测工作显得力不从心。藻类属于低等浮游植物 ,各门藻类均含有叶绿素ａ ,测定叶绿素ａ可作为藻类现存量的一个重要指标。因此 ,通常可用叶绿素ａ来表示藻类含量的高低[1 ,2 ] 。叶绿素ａ测定方法较藻类计数更为简便、快捷。通过实践 ,对叶绿素ａ测定方法作一些改进。《环境监测技术规范》(以下简称《规范》)第 4册生物监测 (水环境 )部分关于叶绿素ａ的测定是将滤过水样的滤膜 ,置于低温冰…     

生物监测中叶绿素a浓度与藻类密度的关联性研究

通过测定叶绿素a浓度、藻类密度和藻类分类计数等,获取"水华"水体生物监测数据。统计分析结果表明,叶绿素a浓度和藻类密度在蓝藻"水华"(微囊藻为优势种)暴发期间存在显著相关,并拟合出了回归直线。且叶绿素a浓度和藻类密度的自然对数比值也与藻类发生和兴衰存在着规律性联系。     

高效液相色谱荧光检测快速分析水中多环芳烃化合物

本文利用等梯度淋洗，荧光检测器实现了水中七种多环芳烃化合物的快速分析，七种多环芳烃的分离效果好，无基线漂移，样品分析时间短，一个样品的分析时间小于２０分钟。七种多环芳烃分别为：荧蒽、苯并（ａ）蒽、苯并（ｂ）荧蒽、苯并（Ｋ）荧蒽、苯并（ａ）芘、二苯并（ａ，ｈ）蒽、苯并（ｇｈｉ）     

洞庭湖水体叶绿素a时空分布及与环境因子的相关性

2013年6月至2014年5月逐月对洞庭湖水体叶绿素a质量浓度和主要环境因子进行测定,分析洞庭湖水体叶绿素a质量浓度的时空分布特征,探讨洞庭湖水体叶绿素a质量浓度与环境因子的相关性。结果表明,洞庭湖水体叶绿素a质量浓度为0.11~8.62 mg/m~3,年均值为(1.89±1.23)mg/m~3,属贫营养;叶绿素a质量浓度随季节变化明显,总体呈现夏、秋季明显大于冬、春季的规律;在空间上,总体表现为西洞庭湖和东洞庭湖明显大于南洞庭湖。全湖叶绿素a质量浓度与水温、电导率、COD和TP呈极显著正相关,与DO、NH3-N、TN和TN/TP呈极显著负相关,与NO-3-N呈显著负相关,与p H和透明度无显著相关性。全湖TN/TP的年均值为28.5,磷可能是洞庭湖水体浮游植物生长的限制性营养盐。     

基于MODIS的烟台近海水体叶绿素浓度分布

利用实测光谱数据及水体叶绿素浓度数据建立了基于MODIS数据的叶绿素反演模型,并利用MODIS L1B数据对研究区的叶绿素浓度进行了反演。通过分析烟台近海水体叶绿素浓度分布得出,烟台近海水体叶绿素浓度由沿岸向海延伸,叶绿素的浓度逐渐增加;通过不同月份的叶绿素浓度分布状况发现,夏季水体叶绿素浓度含量最高,冬季最低。     

水体中叶绿素a测定方法的研究

对水体中叶绿素a的测定方法进行了研究,确定了乙醇免研法测定水体中叶绿素a的实验条件。用95%乙醇替代90%丙酮作为萃取剂,用高温免研磨萃取替代研磨萃取,其结果是乙醇免研法与丙酮法测定结果的相对偏差在可接受范围内; 同时对测定结果进行统计分析显示, 乙醇法的测定结果与丙酮法无显著性差异,且乙醇免研法萃取效率有所提高,其测定结果均略高于丙酮法,说明乙醇免研法可以替代丙酮法。     

基于MODIS的西藏典型湖泊叶绿素a浓度反演

叶绿素a浓度是反映湖泊富营养化状态的一个重要参数。以MODIS L1B数据为基础，结合叶绿素a浓度实测数据，基于经验分析法实现了西藏典型湖泊叶绿素a浓度反演研究，并探索了西藏典型湖泊2019年春、夏、秋季叶绿素a浓度的时空变化特征。首先，利用叶绿素a浓度实测数据和MODIS L1B影像不同波段的反射率值进行组合试验，选择最佳波段组合建立模型；其次，分别选用2015年、2017年叶绿素a浓度实测值和反演值对模型进行对比验证；最后，利用叶绿素a浓度反演模型对西藏典型湖泊2019年春、夏、秋季叶绿素a浓度的时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明：在空间尺度上，西藏典型湖泊叶绿素a浓度整体上呈现出周围高、中部低的分布特征，且湖岸水体叶绿素a浓度变化较大；在季节尺度上，不同湖泊叶绿素a浓度的季节变化存在较大差异，格仁错和色林错的季节变化幅度较大，纳木错、塔若错和羊卓雍错的季节变化幅度较小。     

用毛细管柱测定水和废水中的苯系物

用气相色谱毛细管柱分离、测定水样中的苯系物。该方法用二硫化碳萃取水样中的苯系物,细口径毛细管柱分离,ＦＩＤ检测。在分流比值为１００的条件下,方法最低检出浓度在０．０２５～０．０４７ｍｇ／Ｌ之间,低于填充柱法。该方法适用于地表水、地下水和废水中微量苯系物的测定。     

紫外差示分光光光度法直接测定废水中苯胺

苯胺在不同酸度溶液中具有不同的结构和紫外吸收光谱.以苯胺的酸溶液为参比液,以等浓度的苯胺水溶液为测定液,在280nm处测定苯胺含量.结果表明,当苯胺浓度为1～100mg/L时,吸光度与浓度之间存在良好的线性关系,据此建立了紫外差示分光光度法.该法不需分离可直接测定工业废水中苯胺含量,简便快速,回收率高于96.7％.     

乌梁素海氮磷浓度与叶绿素a时空分布关系研究

为了解乌梁素海的富营养状况，采用2005—2007年乌梁素海监测数据，对叶绿素a浓度与总氮、总磷浓度相关关系进行了研究，并对乌梁素海水体中叶绿素a浓度的时空分布进行分析。结果表明，乌梁素海叶绿素a浓度具有明显的时空分布特征，在时间上，5、10月份叶绿素a浓度偏高；在空间上，北部区〉南部区。     

水中全盐量的电导法测定

本文介绍了用电导法测定水样中全盐量的新方法，与经典的重量法相比，具有快速、简便、准确的优点。经对水样分析，结果令人满意     

A modified VIKOR method for multiple criteria analysis

The VIKOR method was developed to solve multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problems with conflicting or non-commensurable criteria. This method assumes that compromising is acceptable for conflicting resolution. Although the VIKOR method is a popular method applied in multi-criteria analysis (MCA), it has some problems when solving MCDM problems. This study discussed existing problems in the traditional VIKOR method. The objective of this study was to develop a modified VIKOR method to avoid numerical difficulties in solving problems by the traditional VIKOR method. Several synthetic experiments were designed and assessed to verify the improvement of solution efficiency of the modified VIKOR method in MCA.     

副玫瑰苯胺无汞比色法测定空气中的甲醛

在甲醛法测定空气中二氧化硫的基础上,建立了一种测定空气中甲醛的新方法。该方法所用设备和材料与甲醛法测定空气中的二氧化硫相同,不使用含汞试剂,用亚硫酸钠固定标准溶液和吸收液中的甲醛,用氢氧化钠分解羟甲磺酸释放已被固定的甲醛,以副玫瑰苯胺和亚硫酸钠为显色剂绘制标准曲线进行定量。当采集空气30L时,检出限为0.01mgm3,最低检测浓度为0.03mgm3,适用于环境空气及室内空气中甲醛的测定。     

TEA(三乙醇胺)挂片测定空气中NO2的滤膜制备方法

介绍了一种用于TEA挂片测定NO2的滤膜制备方法,解决了原方法中存在的滤膜空白值偏高且不稳定的问题.实验结果表明,该方法可用于大面积、多点位同步监侧中大批量滤膜的制备.     

Water treatment control using the joint estimation outlier detection method

The loss of contaminated wastewater into the environment by leakage or other means is a serious problem. This problem is essentially the same as true of the loss of chemical reagents from a chemical production or purification process. The present article shows how the joint estimation method, an outlier detection method for time series analysis, can be used by a facility manager to deal with these problems.     

Measuring radon exhalation rate in two cycles avoiding the effects of back-diffusion and chamber leakage

This paper will present a simple method for measuring the radon exhalation rate from the medium surface in two cycles and also avoiding the effects of back-diffusion and chamber leakage. The method is based on a combination of the “accumulation chamber” technique and a radon monitor. The radon monitor performs the measurement of the radon concentration inside the accumulation chamber, and then the radon exhalation rate can be obtained by simple calculation. For reducing the systematic error and the statistical uncertainty, too short of total measurement time is not appropriate, and the first cycle time should be about 70 % of the total measurement. The radon exhalation rate from the medium surface obtained through this method is in good agreement with the reference value. This simple method can be applied to develop and improve the instruments for measuring radon exhalation rate.     

Developing a simplified river landscape assessment model: Examples from the Chungkang and Touchien rivers, Taiwan

Currently, river landscape evaluations cannot be conducted by the general public, due to their lack of professional training. However, consulting professionals is time consuming and costly. The research conducted addresses both problems by (1) developing suitable criteria for assessing river environments, and (2) formulating a strategy for using the proposed criteria, thereby creating an effective method for river management by non-professionals. This research was carried out, in accordance with Visual Resource Management theory, at 12 survey sites along the ChungKang River. The landscape quality sequences acquired were then evaluated using a revised and simplified assessment model. The same process was repeated on the Touchien River to verify its feasibility. This research developed both specific criteria as well a method for evaluating river landscapes, which can be employed by non-professional river project managers. Ultimately, the aim of this research is to develop and promote sustainable river resource management.     

Biodegradability of pesticides in water by microbes in activated sludge,soil and sediment

A relatively simple, aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation test method for pesticides is proposed. The method consists of the inoculation of the test substance to a substrate of non-acclimated microbes in activated sludge, field soil and river sediment in a stirred flask. This method was applied to the evaluation for biodegradability of twelve pesticides. The biodegradation rate constants obtained showed a parabolic correlation with the 1-octanol-water partition coefficients of the pesticides and a linear one with their alkaline hydrolysis rate constants. Therefore, the biodegradability of pesticides can be predicted by these two parameters.     

Spatiotemporal variations in species diversity to assess environmental impacts on aquatic communities: The use of biomass data versus density data

This paper discusses various methods for calculating the minimum instream flows for the protection of aquatic life for the purpose of illustrating its increasing complexity. These procedures are the Montana method (Tennant, 1976); the wetted perimeter method (Collings, 1974; Cochnauer, 1976) and the IFIM method (Instream Flow Incremental Methodology; Bovee, 1982). An analysis is then made of some regionalisation criteria based on these methods, from which useful suggestions can be drawn for the development of a procedure to be applied to basins. A method is thus proposed for calculating the recommended flows for protecting the aquatic environment based on simple hydrological variables, such as Q_{7 10}, which can be estimated for a basin on the basis of area A and a Base Flow Index (BFI) which summarises its hydrogeological characteristics. This approach can be used when the field data necessary for more complex methods is not available. These require the defining of the environmental suitability of a watercourse for certain designated reference fish species, according to the flow and the morphology of the channel. The positive results of this approach were verified by Leonard (1990) and this methodology was applied to the Tiber river basin.     

化学发光测定示踪剂罗丹明B的新方法

天然河流水质模型的扩散系数通常采用罗丹明Ｂ作示踪剂来测定。囚此，河水中罗丹明Ｂ测定的准确度对水质模型的建立和精度至关重要。本文建立了化学发光分析罗丹明Ｂ的新方法，从而消除了河水浊度的影响。