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1.
We derive conditions that must be satisfied by the primitives of the problem in order for an equilibrium in linear Markov
strategies to exist in some common property natural resource differential games. These conditions impose restrictions on the
admissible form of the natural growth function, given a benefit function, or on the admissible form of the benefit function,
given a natural growth function.
相似文献
Gérard GaudetEmail: |
2.
Kerstin Ronneberger Maria Berrittella Francesco Bosello Richard S. J. Tol 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2009,14(2):149-168
In this paper, the global agricultural land use model Kleines Land Use Model is coupled to an extended version of the computable general equilibrium model (CGE) Global Trade Analysis
Project in order to consistently assess the integrated impacts of climate change on global cropland allocation and its implication
for economic development. The methodology is innovative as it introduces dynamic economic land-use decisions based also on
the biophysical aspects of land into a state-of-the-art CGE; it further allows the projection of resulting changes in cropland
patterns on a spatially more explicit level. A convergence test and illustrative future simulations underpin the robustness
and potentials of the coupled system. Reference simulations with the uncoupled models emphasise the impact and relevance of
the coupling; the results of coupled and uncoupled simulations can differ by several hundred percent.
相似文献
Francesco BoselloEmail: Email: |
3.
A mixed-integer programming model that minimizes the social abatement cost is used to investigate whether a market equilibrium
condition could be reached in a newly proposed permit-trading market for nitrogen oxide control in Taiwan. Unlike in previous
studies, unit pollution abatement cost is determined endogenously by incorporating technology adoption as a binary decision
variable. The results show that when technologies are lumpy and irreversible, disequilibrium might occur due to firms’ inability
to manage their emission levels after installing equipment with fixed size and control capacity.
相似文献
Chao-ning LiaoEmail: |
4.
This paper is concerned with the cost efficiency in achieving the Swedish national air quality objectives under uncertainty.
To realize an ecologically sustainable society, the parliament has approved a set of interim and long-term pollution reduction
targets. However, there are considerable quantification uncertainties on the effectiveness of the proposed pollution reduction
measures. In this paper, we develop a multivariate stochastic control framework to deal with the cost efficiency problem with
multiple pollutants. Based on the cost and technological data collected by several national authorities, we explore the implications
of alternative probabilistic constraints. It is found that a composite probabilistic constraint induces considerably lower
abatement cost than separable probabilistic restrictions. The trend is reinforced by the presence of positive correlations
between reductions in the multiple pollutants.
相似文献
Chuan-Zhong LiEmail: |
5.
I. V. Emelyanova G. E. Donald D. J. Miron D. A. Henry M. G. Garner 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2009,14(4):449-465
A probabilistic Bayesian method called weights of evidence (WofE) was used to develop a synthetic dataset of cattle farm locations at a national scale across Australia. The synthetic
dataset was required for the modelling of livestock movements with a view to assessing biosecurity implications. The WofE method is based on the analysis of spatial relationships between evidential patterns with respect to an event, such
as the actual location of a farm. The evidential patterns of cattle farms were derived from maps of land use, land tenure,
drainage systems, roads, settlements and long-term averaged rainfall. These evidential patterns were used for delineating
and ranking land areas suitable for cattle farming. For each evidential pattern statistics such as a positive weight, a negative weight and a contrast were calculated for estimating the degree of correlation between the evidential patterns and known farm locations. The integrated
evidential patterns of known farms were then used for estimating posterior probabilities and splitting land into five different
classes according to its suitability for farming.
相似文献
I. V. EmelyanovaEmail: |
6.
This paper analyses the evolution of water consumption in Milan during the twentieth century. However, dealing with a century
time series raises some complicated statistic and econometric issues. To study the main research questions outlined by the
literature, as the presence of consumption habits and the link between consumption and price, we use a quite original approach
– based on intervention analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) – which seems to be more adequate than “regression-type”
approaches to study a so long time series. Results indicate (1) how some events have modified the normal evolution of per-capita
water consumption; (2) that per-capita water consumption is a very persistent series, namely, that water users should have
well-developed consumption habits; (3) that per-capita consumption and water price present a strong negative correlation.
相似文献
Mario NosvelliEmail: |
7.
Wen-Cheng Liu Jan-Tai Kuo Chih-Chieh Young Ming-Ching Wu 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2007,12(3):201-211
Numerical models are often used to evaluate the potential impact of human alternation of natural water bodies and to help
the design of the alternation to mitigate its impacts. In the past decade, three-dimensional hydrodynamic and reactive transport
modeling has matured from a research subject to a practical analysis technology. This paper presents a practical study in
which a three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model [hydrodynamic eutrophication model (HEM-3D)] was applied to
determine the optimal location for treated wastewater discharged from marine outfall system in the Keelung harbor and the
adjacent coastal sea. First, model validation was conducted with respect to surface elevation, current, and water quality
variables measured in the Keelung harbor station and its coastal sea. The overall performance of the model was in qualitative
agreement with the available field data. The model was then used to evaluate several scenarios of the locations from marine
outfall system. Based on model simulation results, a location at the northeast of Ho-Ping Island was recommended for adoption
because the environmental impact is smaller than any other alternative.
相似文献
Wen-Cheng LiuEmail: |
8.
This paper is based on the perception that the inertia of climate and socio-economic systems are key parameters in the climate
change issue. In a first part, it develops and implements a new approach based on a simple integrated model with a particular
focus on an innovative transient impact and adaptation modeling. In a second part, a climate–economy feedback is defined and characterized. The following results were found. 1) It has a long characteristic time, which lies between
50 and 100 years depending on the hypotheses; this time scale is long when compared to the system's other time scales, and
the feedback cannot act as a natural damping process of climate change. 2) Mitigation has to be anticipated since the feedback
of an emission reduction on the economy can be significant only after a 20-year delay and is really efficient only after at
least 50 years. 3) Even discounted, production changes due to an action on emissions are significant over more than one century.
4) The methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which neglects the feedback from impacts to emissions,
is acceptable up to 2100, whatever is the level of impacts. This analysis allows also to define a climatic cost of growth as the additional climate change damages due to the additional emissions linked to economic growth.
相似文献
Stéphane HallegatteEmail: |
9.
Global Warming Potential (GWP) is an index used to measure the cumulative radiative forcing of a tonne of greenhouse house
gas (GHG) relative to that of a ‘reference’ gas (CO2). Under the Kyoto Protocol, GWP can be used as a fixed index to govern the trade-off between different GHGs in a multi-gas approach to GHGs abatement. The use of fixed GWPs has
been criticized for not being very cost effective compared to the use of some flexible indices. To gain wider acceptance, however, a flexible index must also prove to be easy to use, and the economic gains from
its adoption must be significant. In this paper, we develop a flexible index based on the concept of marginal rather than cumulative or average global warming potentials. These marginal global warming potentials (MGWPs) can be endogenously
determined within a climate model given a particular climate objective based on radiative forcing level. The MGPWs are then
linked to the marginal abatement costs of the GHGs, which are also endogenously determined within an economic model. When
the two concepts are linked in this way, the result is a cost-effective way of achieving a particular climate change objective
with multigas abatement. We show that the savings in costs when using this flexible MGPWs can be significant, and more importantly,
they are not uniformly distributed across different regions.
相似文献
Claudia KemfertEmail: |
10.
M. Kashir K. Zhang G. Achari R. G. Moore S. A. Mehta M. G. Ursenbach 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2008,13(2):265-274
A 2-D mathematical model to simulate the temperature distribution, coke formation, and change in residual extractable oil
during remediation by low-temperature oxidation (LTO) process was developed. Simulation results indicate that the spacing
between wells, pressure difference, and air-injection temperature and different well patterns influence the temperature distribution
and consequently the level of remediation in the soil. The model results for coke formation and residual extractable oil distribution
compared well with experimental results. The operating conditions—air-injection temperature of about 200°C, air-injection
pressure of 6 to 10 kPa, air-extraction pressure of −110 Pa, and wells spaced 1 m apart installed in a nine-spot pattern—provide
good remediation of hydrocarbons in soil by LTO process.
相似文献
G. AchariEmail: |