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1.
为了解兴化里下河湿地退渔还湿后越冬期的鸟类多样性状况,于2021年12月-2022年3月,采用样线法对兴化里下河湿地公园及其附近1处水产养殖塘的鸟类群落结构及多样性进行了调查分析。选取芦苇、藕塘、森林、库塘/水产养殖塘4种典型生境类型进行研究,共记录到14目31科48属69种鸟类,其中国家级保护鸟类9种,国家一级重点保护鸟类2种,为东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)和黑脸琵鹭(Platalea minor);列入《世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)受威胁物种红色名录》的受威胁鸟类6种;列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)附录Ⅰ鸟类的1种、附录Ⅱ的5种。兴化里下河湿地公园内主要越冬水鸟有东方白鹳、白琵鹭、小天鹅、凤头麦鸡、反嘴鹬、鹤鹬、骨顶鸡、夜鹭、绿翅鸭、针尾鸭、斑嘴鸭、红嘴鸥等。基于越冬鸟类的分布状况,对湿地公园的湿地修复和管理,以及加强该地区生物多样性监测、研究和保护等方面提出了建议。  相似文献   

2.
为全面了解北京城市湿地的现状及近年来的动态变化情况,利用高分辨率卫星遥感数据,综合运用GIS技术与景观生态学方法,定量分析了北京市6环内的湿地空间格局。结果表明,北京6环内城市湿地以河流湿地和湖库湿地为主;2016—2018年间湿地面积有所下降,2年间减少了126.58 hm2,主要转化为草地,少量转化为建设用地和林地;由于城市外围的开发建设强度较大,5-6环湿地被侵占面积相对较大,而4环内湿地面积的波动较小;2016—2018年,北京城市湿地的斑块密度增加,平均斑块面积有所减小,表明湿地斑块随时间变化呈破碎化的趋势,且从城市中心向城市边缘,湿地斑块的破碎化程度增强。  相似文献   

3.
在鄱阳湖典型人控湖汊芳兰湖湿地选取人类活动差异性较大的两个区域分别设置鸟类声音监测点,利用声音采集仪器Song Meter SM4收集长时间序列的鸟类声音数据,基于声音处理程序包将声音数据转化为具有生态学信息的声学指标,用以表征鸟类多样性特征,并定量分析鸟类多样性与人类活动之间的关联性程度.结果表明:鸟类声音数据为WAV格式的音频文件,文件名称由仪器编号、监测日期和监测时间组成.在监测期间同一时间监测点1(人类活动较弱区域)对应的声学指标ACI、ADI、AEI和NP的指数值均高于监测点2(人类活动较强区域)对应的声学指标值.监测点1的NDSI与ACI、ADI呈极显著正相关,与AEI、NP呈极显著负相关;监测点2的NDSI与ACI呈极显著正相关,与AEI、NP呈极显著负相关.  相似文献   

4.
连云港主要河流大型底栖无脊椎动物水质生物评价   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
于2008年5月采用D形网半定量采样法调查了连云港市5条河流7个点位的大型底栖无脊椎动物群落多样性,共获得67个大型底栖无脊椎动物分类单元;其中,昆虫纲双翅目18属、蜻蜓目11属;软体动物24种;环节动物4科4属5种。应用典范对应分析(CCA)排序结果将7个样点分成高TN低DO、高电导率和低TN以及高DO和低电导率3组。Shannon-W iener多样性指数、生物指数和COD水质评价结果表明,多样性指数与生物指数和COD评价结果有较大差异,生物指数和COD评价结果较相似。综合评价结果为青口河的水质属于清洁;蔷薇河、淮沭新河、鲁兰河和新沭河属于轻污至中污。生物指数与TN极显著正相关(r=0.913,p=0.004),多样性指数与TN无相关性(r=0.257,p=0.578)。  相似文献   

5.
江苏地表水体大型底栖无脊椎动物生物多样性状况研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构与水体水质和水生态系统健康状况关系密切,其受外界干扰后群落结构的变化趋势可以反映水体受污染的性质和程度。2008年,对江苏省主要饮用水源地,长江、京杭大运河等主要河流及太湖等重点湖泊开展底栖动物调查与评价研究,共设置调查点位154个。江苏主要饮用水源地底栖动物的物种数量为78种,主要河流发现底栖动物96种,主要湖泊底栖动物发现65种。从物种多样性指数评价结果看,主要湖泊的底栖生物多样性状况优于地表水源地和主要河流,丰富和较丰富所占比例合计达58%;主要河流的评价结果最差,丰富和较丰富所占比例合计仅达30.7%,存在11.3%物种多样性极贫乏的点位,且大部分水体底栖动物组成以耐污种为主,优势种为极耐污的霍甫水丝蚓,水质状况劣于饮用水源地和主要湖泊。  相似文献   

6.
江阴市主要河流夏季浮游藻类的群落结构及多样性   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
2011年6—8月采集江阴市6条河流的浮游藻类样品,分析其群落结构及物种多样性,并利用多样性指数、指示性类群和硅藻商对水质进行了生物学评价。共检出浮游藻类6门137属种,平均生物量2.38 mg/L,蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻分别占72.3%、10.2%和8.41%。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数的变幅分别为3.34~3.59、4.75~6.40和0.73~0.75,硅藻商变幅为8.3~16.4。多样性指数评价结果表明,水体处于轻或无污染状态;指示性浮游植物类群和硅藻商评价结果表明,河流处于α中污带-β中污滞-多污滞。相关分析表明,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与理化水质因子不显著相关,与悬浮物SS显著负相关,与总有机碳显著正相关。研究认为,指示性浮游植物类群或硅藻商更适于作为城市河流水质评价的生物指标。  相似文献   

7.
于2019年3月和7月对连云港主要入海河流着生藻类群落结构进行了调查,并基于水生态环境质量综合指数对15条入海河流水质进行评价。结果表明,良好以上的断面占总数的66.7%,调查共发现硅藻、绿藻、蓝藻、裸藻、黄藻及金藻共计106种着生藻类,其中春季60种,夏季80种;硅藻为全年优势种。着生藻类全年平均密度为42 266.7 个/cm2,各断面密度差异较大。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)为1.46~392,平均值为2.93,其中夏季H’平均为3.07,高于春季的2.80,总体呈放置7 d样品多样性高于14 d样品的趋势。  相似文献   

8.
近年来,空气污染已成为长三角地区最关键的环境问题之一,气溶胶颗粒物(PM)是最主要的污染物之一。生物气溶胶作为颗粒物的重要组成部分,可能对空气质量和人体健康产生不利影响。利用高通量测序方法研究了江苏省泰州2019年11月至2020年1月期间发生沙尘和霾污染时生物气溶胶中细菌群落结构组成特征。结果表明:冬季沙尘天和霾天气溶胶细菌群落结构及多样性呈现不同的变化特征,霾天细菌群落多样性、均匀度以及基于进化的多样性明显高于夏季优良天,粒径差异增大;沙尘天细菌群落结构变化和霾天正好相反,不仅大气微生物丰富度会降低,细菌群落结构的多样性和均匀度也会降低。优良天粗细颗粒的细菌群落组成和优势种相似度较高,沙尘和霾污染天粗细颗粒间的细菌组成差异较大,病原细菌的种类和相对丰度也明显增加,优势类群中致病菌浓度上升的主要有假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、雷氏菌属(Ralstonia)、肠球菌属(Enterococcus)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、埃希氏菌-志贺氏菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)等,增加了人类、动物及农业生产活动潜在的暴露风险。基于丰度热图分析污染天各粒径的细菌群落结构相似性,沙尘天大部分粒径聚在一起,粒径间的细菌组成相似性较高;霾天样品的粒径分布总体较分散,随着污染加重,粒径差异有增大的趋势。  相似文献   

9.
结合工程特点、港区规划范围自然保护区生态环境现状,识别和分析射阳港区规划实施后对盐城自然保护区的生态影响。结果表明,底栖生物丧失,浮游生物和鱼类减少,船舶溢油事故及建设和运营期三废的排放导致海域生态环境质量下降;溢油使鸟类生境遭到破坏,保护区结构和功能受阻等。提出相应的环保措施,最大限度减轻规划实施后对自然保护区的影响。  相似文献   

10.
以锡林河流域草地植被为研究对象,采用物种重要值,α、β多样性指数对流域植物群落多样性沿海拔梯度分布特征进行研究。结果表明:在各海拔梯度内羊草均占优势地位。随着海拔梯度的升高,α多样性指数均呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势;在影响Simpson多样性指数的程度上,丰富度指数高于均匀度指数。随着海拔梯度的升高,β多样性指数具有先降低后升高再降低的变化趋势。在海拔梯度1 200 m~1 300 m与1 300 m~1 400 m之间群落物种相似度较高,物种更替速率较慢;在海拔梯度1 100 m~1 200 m与1 200 m~1 300 m之间群落物种组成差异性较大,物种更替速率较快。  相似文献   

11.
微波消解-原子吸收光度法测定土壤中铜锌铅镉镍铬   总被引:24,自引:5,他引:24       下载免费PDF全文
用微波消解-原子吸收光度法测定土壤中铜,锌,铅,镉,镍和铬。通过硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系消解液对土壤样品消解,选择出微波最佳消解条件。对硝酸-盐酸-过氧化氢体系消解液和硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系消解液进行消解对比试验,发现前者不能将土壤样品完全消解,后者能将样品消解完全,但需将消解液中剩余的酸赶尽,否则测定结果将明显偏低。微波消解土壤与传统电热消解相比,操作简便快速,可提高工作效率。  相似文献   

12.
Material Disposal Area G is the primary low-levelradioactive waste disposal site at Los Alamos NationalLaboratory, New Mexico, and is adjacent to Pueblo of SanIldefonso lands. Pueblo residents and Los Alamos scientists areconcerned about radiological doses resulting from uptake of AreaG radionuclides by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) andRocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus), then consumption ofdeer and elk meat by humans. Tissue samples were collected fromdeer and elk accidentally killed near Area G and were analyzedfor 3H, 90Sr, total U, 238Pu, 239, 240Pu,241Am, and 137Cs. These data were used to estimatehuman doses based on meat consumption of 23 kg y-1. Humandoses were also modeled using RESRAD, and dose rates to deer andelk were estimated with a screening model. Dose estimates tohumans from tissue consumption were 2.9 × 10-3 mSv y-1and 1.6 × 10-3 mSv y-1 from deer and elk, respectively,and RESRAD dose estimates were of the same order of magnitude. Estimated dose rates to deer and elk were 2.1 × 10-4 mGyd-1 and 4.7 × 10-4 mGy d-1, respectively. Allestimated doses were significantly less than established exposurelimits or guidelines.  相似文献   

13.
The aim of the study was to determine the extent of heavy metal pollution in the vicinity of a lead battery manufacturing plant in the Czech Republic, both in the general environment and within homes. Topsoils (0–5 cm) were sampled from 100 sites along 4 transects which crossed the battery factory, the town centre and outlying rural areas. Housedust samples were collected from 15 plant-workers' homes and 15 non plant-workers' homes located at various distances from the factory. Samples were analysed for levels of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Sb, using ICP-AES. Soil concentrations of Pb, Cd, As and Sb peaked at the perimeter fence of the battery factory with Pb levels of up to 12 650 g g> -1. Concentrations of these metals decreased exponentially within 500 m of the plant. Whilst the battery factory does appear to be a source of all the metals with the exception of Zn, emissions do not appear to be transported to any great extent over distances of more than 0.5 km. Topsoil and housedust concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Sb in the general Mlada Boleslav area do not appear to be significantly different from those recorded in a large scale survey of urban soils in the United Kingdom. A comparison of housedust Pb concentrations in homes of plant workers and non-plant workers suggests that there may be a small input of Pb into the home environment by battery plant employees.  相似文献   

14.
An important research area in life sciences is devoted to modeling, prediction, and dynamics of gene-expression patterns. As clearly understood in these days, this enterprise cannot become satisfactory without acknowledging the role of the environment. To a representation of past, present, and most likely future states, we also encounter measurement errors and uncertainties. This paper surveys and improves recent advances in understanding the foundations and interdisciplinary implications of the newly introduced gene–environment networks, and it integrates the important theme of carbon dioxide emission reduction into the networks and dynamics. We also introduce some operational and managerial issues of practical working and decision making, expressed in terms of sliding windows, quadrants (modules) of parametric effects, and navigating (controlling) between such effects and directing them. Given data from DNA microarray experiments and environmental records, we extract nonlinear ordinary differential equations that contain parameters that have to be determined. For this, we employ modern (Chebychevian) approximation and (generalized semi-infinite) optimization. After this is provided, time- discretized dynamical systems are studied. A combinatorial algorithm with polyhedra sequences allows to detect the region of parametric stability. Finally, we analyze the topological landscape of gene–environment networks with its structural (in)stability. By embedding as a module and investigating CO2 emission control and figuring out game theoretical aspects, we conclude. This pioneering work is theoretically elaborated, practically devoted to health care, medicine, education, living conditions, and environmental protection, and it invites the readers to future research.   相似文献   

15.
The San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances (RMP) began in 1993 and is sponsored by 74 local, state, and federal agencies and companies through their discharge or Bay use permits. The RMP monitors water, sediment, toxicity, and bivalve bioaccumulation at 25 sites in the Bay that are considered to represent "background" conditions. Several major environmental issues have been identified by the RMP. Polychlorinated biphenyls and mercury were often above water quality guidelines, and often occurred in fish tissues above U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) screening values. Concentrations do not appear to be decreasing, suggesting continuing inputs. Episodes of aquatic toxicity often occurred following runoff events that transport contaminants into the Bay from urbanized and agricultural portions of the watershed. Sediment toxicity occurred throughout the Bay, and has been correlated with concentrations of specific contaminants (chlordanes, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) at some locations; mixtures of contaminants were probably also important. Since the RMP does not monitor all ecosystem components, assessments of the overall condition of the Bay cannot be made. However, in terms of contamination, the RMP samples suggest that the South Bay, and North Bay sites are moderately contaminated.  相似文献   

16.
This paper gives mathematical details and sample applications of SWAGMAN Farm (SWAGMAN, Salt Water and Groundwater Management), a farm-scale hydrologic economic model that integrates agronomic, climatic, irrigation, hydrogeological and economic aspects of irrigated agriculture. The model is capable of determining optimum mix of land use to keep watertable and soil salinity within acceptable limits while maximising the economic returns. Alternatively, the model can simulate water and salt balance and economics of a given cropping preference. Web-based and Geographic Information Systems versions of the model are available for integration with the environmental reporting systems of the irrigation areas.  相似文献   

17.
A migratory population of 78 pairs of Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) nesting along the Willamette River in westernOregon was studied in 1993. The study was designed to determinecontaminant concentrations in eggs, contaminant concentrationsin fish species predominant in the Ospreys diet, andBiomagnification Factors (BMFs) of contaminants from fish specieseaten to Osprey eggs. Ten Osprey eggs and 25 composite samplesof fish (3 species) were used to evaluate organochlorine (OC)pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinateddibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDFs). Mercury was also analyzed in fish. Geometric meanresidues in Osprey eggs were judged low, e.g., DDE 2.3 g g-1 wet weight (ww), PCBs 0.69 g g-1, 2,3,7,8-TCDD 2.3 ng kg-1, and generally well below known threshold values for adverse effects on productivity, and the population was increasing. Osprey egg residue data presentedby River Mile (RM) are discussed, e.g., higher PCDDs were generally found immediately downstream of paper mills and eggsfrom the Willamette River had significantly elevated PCBs and PCDDs compared to reference eggs collected nearby in the CascadeMountains. Prey remains at nest sites indicated that the Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) and NorthernPikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) accounted for an estimated 90.1% of the biomass in the Osprey diet, and composite samples of these two species were collected from different sampling sites throughout the study area for contaminant analyses. With the large percentage of the fishbiomass in the Osprey diet sampled for contaminants (and fisheaten by Ospreys similar in size to those chemically analyzed),and fish contaminant concentrations weighted by biomass intake, a mean BMF was estimated from fish to Osprey eggs for the largeseries of contaminants. BMFs ranged from no biomagnification(0.42) for 2,3,7,8-TCDF to 174 for OCDD. Our findings for themigratory Osprey were compared to BMFs for the resident HerringGull (Larus argentatus), and differences are discussed. Webelieve a BMF approach provides some basic understanding ofrelationships between contaminant burdens in prey species offish-eating birds and contaminants incorporated into their eggs,and may prove useful in understanding sources of contaminants inmigratory species although additional studies are needed.  相似文献   

18.
The draft of the German guideline to calculate automobile exhaust dispersion is explained. It contains a two-stage-system: For first quick estimates the guideline contains the simple models MLuS and STREET. In case these models are not applicable or their results shows concentration levels close to the air quality standards, the more complex models PROKAS_V and MISKAM are recommended. PROKAS_V is a Gaussian plume model, MISKAM is a 3-dimensional microscale non hydrostatic flow model for built-up areas with an Eulerian dispersion model. The guideline comprises cases in rural areas without or with few adjacent buildings as well as urban areas with buildings near the roads. The contribution gives information about the models, typical results and some of the problems showing up presently.  相似文献   

19.
The population counts of hydrocarbon-utilising yeasts weremonitored at six sampling stations in the Benin City municipalarea over a four-week period. Although the population countswere relatively constant in each locality, the highest countsoccurred in areas heavily polluted by domestic and industrialeffluents. A total of thirty-five hydrocarbon-degrading yeastswere isolated from soil at the sampling stations usingn-hexadecane as sole carbon source. The isolates were identifiedas belonging to the genera Candida (27 strains), Endomycopsis (4 strains). All the organisms grew on long-chainn-alkane, kerosene, diesel oil and crude oil but failed to growon short-chain n-alkane, aromatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons.Measurement of growth attributes of the isolates usingn-hexadecane, diesel oil and crude oil as substrates showed thatthe Candida species were better utilizers of hydrocarbonsubstrates relative to Endomycopsis and Schizosaccharomyces species.  相似文献   

20.
The stable nitrogen isotope ratios of some biota have been used as indicators of sources of anthropogenic nitrogen. In this study the relationships of the stable nitrogen isotope ratios of marsh plants, Iva frutescens (L.), Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex Steud, Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl, Spartina alterniflora Loisel, Ulva lactuca (L.), and Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) with wastewater nitrogen and land development in New England are described. Five of the six plant species (all but U. lactuca) showed significant relationships of increasing δ 15N values with increasing wastewater nitrogen. There was a significant (P < 0.0001) downward shift in the δ 15N of S. patens (6.0 ± 0.48‰) which is mycorrhizal compared with S. alterniflora (8.5 ± 0.41‰). The downward shift in δ 15N may be caused by the assimilation of fixed nitrogen in the roots of S. patens. P. australis within sites had wide ranges of δ 15N values, evidently influenced by the type of shoreline development or buffer at the upland border. In residential areas, the presence of a vegetated buffer (n = 24 locations) significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the δ 15N (mean = 7.4 ± 0.43‰) of the P. australis compared to stands where there was no buffer (mean = 10.9 ± 1.0‰; n = 15). Among the plant species, I. frutescens located near the upland border showed the most significant (R 2 = 0.64; P = 0.006) inverse relationship with the percent agricultural land in the watershed. The δ 15N of P. australis and I. frustescens is apparently an indicator of local inputs near the upland border, while the δ 15N of Spartina relates with the integrated, watershed-sea nitrogen inputs.  相似文献   

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