松花湖水环境监测点位认证的研究

松花湖水环境监测点位认证的研究孔繁国，郭希利（吉林省吉林市环境监测站，吉林１３２００１）选择的五类污染参数中ＣＯＤ。ｎ、油和ＮＯ。－Ｎ用方差分析；Ｈｇ和ＮＯ。－Ｎ因浓度方差非齐性，用模糊相似聚类分析。经优选后改原来的１０个断面为５个最优断面，其合理性...     

硝基芳烃毒性的线性溶剂化能相关（LSERs）预测模型

应用线性溶剂能参数建立了准确预测硝基芳烃对隆线蚤的急性生物毒性ＥＣ５０模型，对有基芳烃其模型为ｌｇＥＣ５０－１．５０４－６．８９３Ｖｉ／１００－０．２９８π０．１５１βｍ－０．４２７αｍ，该模型具有计算简单，预测准确性大、精密度高的特点。应用该模型可以预测大范围内单硝基芳烃的毒性ＥＣ５０值。     

饮用水中非挥发性有机氯化物的测定

研究了一种测定饮用水中非挥发性有机氯化物（ＮＰＯＣｌ）的方法。水样经氮气气提后，以ＮａＮｏ３溶收抑制Ｃｌ－离子干扰，活性炭吸附后高温的烧，用ＮａＯＨ溶腋作吸收液，氯离子选择电极法测定并换算出ＮＰＯＣｌ值。检测限为０．２×１０~（－６）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。在１．０×１０~（－６）～２０．０×１０~（－６）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内，回收率为７５．３％。以本法测定自来水源水和末梢水，结果表明自来水厂氯化消毒引起ＮＰＯＣｌ值显著升高。建议ＮＰＯＣｌ值作为自来水水质评价的重要参数。     

用连续电感藕合等离子体——原子发射光谱法间接测定水样中铬的形态

用连续电感藕合等离子体———原子发射光谱法间接测定水样中铬的形态许孙曲许燕编译（南方冶金学院赣州３４１０００）１实验１１装置使用Ｓｐｅｃｔｒｏｆｌａｍｅ连续电感藕合氩等离子体发射光谱仪（Ｓｐｅｃｔｒｏ，德国）测定Ｃｒ和Ｃｕ。表１为光谱测定的操作参数...     

环境监测QA／QC工作中几个重要问题的商榷

环境监测ＱＡ／ＱＣ工作中几个重要问题的商榷王炳华（航天总公司三院环境监测站，北京１０００７４）十几年来，在中国环境监测总站等单位的专家们的大力推广下，广大环保工作者增强了ＱＡ／ＱＣ意识，普及了ＱＡ／ＱＣ基本知识，初步掌握了ＱＡ／ＱＣ科学方法，逐渐培养...     

去离子水电导率参数的“在线”测定

去离子水电导率参数的“在线”测定Ｏｎ－ＬｉｎｅＭｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔＣｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｏｆＤｅｉｏｎ－Ｗａｔｅｒ刘建都（潍坊市环境监测站潍坊２６１０４１）离子交换法制取纯水，其电导率测定一般均用采样测定法。它有一定不足之处，纯水在测定过程中受空...     

废水的BOD_5测定中根据BOD_5／COD_（cr）值确定稀释比的一种方法

废水的ＢＯＤ５测定中取稀释比是一个很重要的问题。本文根据数学推导得出ＢＯＤ５测定中取稀释比的一种方法。ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤｃｒ值在０．０５－０．１，０．１－０．３，０．３－０．６，０．６－１．０四个范围内其稀释比ｆ２可对应取５５／ＣＯＤｃｒ、２２／ＣＯＤｃｒ、９／ＣＯＤｃｒ、５／ＣＯＤｃｒ。     

螯合树脂在线富集——火焰原子吸收光度法测定水中微量Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd

对螯合树脂在线富集，火焰原子吸收光度法进行了条件试验。试验证实方法对Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ４个元素检出浓度可达μｇ／Ｌ级，校准曲线性、样品重现性及准确度可满足测定要求。     

深圳市罗湖区道路交通噪声地图的制作与应用

以 SoundPLAN 软件为依托，将罗湖区城市主干道路及周边地物进行概化、建模，并根据实际监测数据调试参数，制作出罗湖区主干道路噪声分布地图，并对噪声污染严重路段防护措施进行效果模拟，为罗湖区道路交通噪声控制规划和整治以及建设项目审批管理等提供依据。     

石油化工工业区区域废水中COD_（Cr）和COD_（Mn）的相关性研究

连续同时监测天津市大港石化发展规划区区域废水中的ＣＯＤＣｒ和ＣＯＤＭｎ，并考查其线性相关性后得出ＣＯＤＣｒ＝４．９６ＣＯＤＭｎ＋１１６．３，相关系数为０．７５０。该回归方程适用于类似石油化工工业区区域废水中ＣＯＤＣｒ和ＣＯＤＭｎ间的换算     

Suggested Guidelines for Use of Avian Species as Biomonitors

An animal’s suitability as a biomonitor of environmental change can be determined by biological, reproductive and ecological characteristics determined at the class, order and species level. The animal’s habitat where the research is to be performed and the form, function and structure of the environmental change being studied within that habitat also determines suitability. Non-threatened populations of large, non-migratory, long-lived, seasonally-breeding tertiary avian predators, whose dietary preferences are narrow and known, can be useful as monitors of environmental chemical contaminants. If chemicals are being monitored, a quantifiable endpoint effect must be demonstrated in the species, or a similar species under experimental laboratory conditions. Logistical and economic issues as well as public and regulatory authority acceptance should also be considered when assessing the suitability of a species as a biomonitor.     

静态顶空气相色谱法顶空装置的改进

水中三氯甲烷和四氯化碳的气相色谱分析,无论是检测自来水的标准方法还是环境监测统一方法,都规定为顶端空间气相色谱法.新近文献报道测定硝基苯类化合物也采用顶端空间法.在这些方法中都使用50ml比色管作为气液平衡瓶,比色管用医用反口橡皮塞封口,本改进设计了玻璃球封口比色管作为气液平衡瓶,利用乳胶管中玻璃球的滚动来达到密封针孔的目的,从而提高了分析方法的精密度和准确性.     

Application of artificial neural networks for classification of uranium distribution in the Central Rand goldfield,South Africa

Mine tailings generate significant environmental impacts and contribute to water pollution. The Central Rand goldfield, South Africa is replete with gold mine tailings which have contributed significantly to water pollution as a result of acid mine drainage (AMD). Water quality is affected by mine tailings and spillages, especially from active slimes dams, currently reprocessed tailings, as well as footprints left behind after reprocessing. The release and distribution of uranium from these sites was studied. Correlation matrices show a strong link between different variables as a result of AMD produced. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify very influential variables which account for the pollution trends. Artificial neural networks (ANN) using the Kohonen algorithm were applied to visualise these trends and patterns in the distribution of uranium. High concentrations of this radionuclide were detected in streams in the vicinity of the tailings dumps, active slimes and reprocessing areas. The concentrations are reduced drastically in dams and wetlands as a result of precipitation and dilution effects.     

Application of impregnated filters to determination of smoke and ammonia

Whatman No. 1 filters impregnated with a 3% solution of oxalic acid in ethanol which are used for elimination of ammonia from the air stream before entering the absorber for collecting SO₂, were tested for a possible application (a) in the spectrophotometric determination of ammonia with Nessler's reagent and (b) in the reflectometric determination of smoke. It was shown that impregnated filters were as suitable for the determination of ammonia as absorbing solution and as applicable for smoke measurement as untreated filters. Further, the advantage of using impregnated filters for sampling ammonia lies in avoiding the interference of organic vapours which may occur, if absorbing solution is used.     

武汉市降尘污染特征及影响因素

以武汉市2006—2013年降尘数据为例,采用SPSS19.0软件统计分析了中部地区内陆城市的降尘污染特征及其影响因素。结果表明,月均降尘污染呈5月峰、11月谷三次曲线型,季节降尘污染呈春季夏季冬(秋)季,年均降尘量呈显著下降趋势。各功能区降尘量差异显著,从多到少顺序依次为工业区交通稠密区居商工混区清洁区。根据主成分分析结果,对于武汉这类经济发展中的中部内陆城市来说,气象因素是影响降尘的重要外在因素。社会因素是主要内在影响因素,其中经济发展因子的影响高于环境建设因子。     

Some applications of Freon-22 in supercritical fluid chromatographic analysis of environmental pollutants

The applications of Freon-22 (R22) as a mobile phase and as a modifier in supercritical fluid chromatography were investigated. For the purpose of this investigation, the separation of eleven phenols listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as priority pollutants was studied. It was found that the use of neat R22 greatly reduced the retention times of the phenols compared with the use of neat carbon dioxide as mobile phase. Satisfactory separation of all the eleven phenols could be achieved using 5% R22 as modifier in carbon dioxide. The promising results obtained in this preliminary investigation indicate the potential for the use of R22 in supercritical fluid separation processes.     

污染源监测报告有效期问题的探讨

环境监测是环境管理的基础性工作,污染源监测报告(数据)的有效性是保证环境执法严肃、公正的重要条件,也是是守法企业展示良好社会形象的基本保证。依照国家的相关规定,并结合行业技术规范的要求,探讨污染源监测报告的有效期问题,以利于相关各方严肃、科学、合理地使用污染源监测数据。     

离子色谱法测定土壤中草甘膦的提取溶液选择

以辽宁棕壤等10种土壤为样品,探讨了水和p H值=9.00～14.00的氢氧化钠(Na OH)作为提取液对草甘膦分析的影响。结果表明,以水为提取液,仅石灰性紫色土和灰钙土能获得较高的回收率,其他所测土壤尤其是p H值8.00的土壤其回收率较低,提取效果受土壤理化性质影响明显。以p H值=9.00～14.00的Na OH为提取液,随着提取液p H值的提高,所测土壤的回收率均随之提高,达到一定的p H值后,回收率随之提高不明显,但干扰会增多。当已知土壤相关理化性质时,可以参考回收率相关性分析选择合适的提取液。     

Analysis of the Daily Variations of Wintertime Air Pollution Concentrations in the City of Graz, Austria

Measured air pollution concentrations in a city reflect the influence of different kinds of sources as well as varying meteorological conditions. In the city of Graz in southern Austria, frequent stagnant meteorological conditions can cause elevated levels of air pollution although emission levels are not exceptionally high. With the aid of a detailed emission inventory and an array of sodars and tethersondes as well as lidar systems supplementing the routine meteorological and air chemistry network during a field experiment in January 1998, the daily variations of air pollution concentrations of selected components within the complex topography of the city of Graz are explained. Main results show the almost linear dependence of the morning maximum concentrations on the predicted emission rates. Throughout the day the rising of the well mixed layer reduces concentrations considerably. Concerning NO_X the fast reaction from NO to NO₂ is important due to the down-mixing of O₃ from the residual layer. The maximum in the afternoon is influenced by emission rates and pollution transport due to the mountain wind.     

Social sensitivity analysis in conflictive environmental governance: A case of forest planning

In environmental governance, there is a need to include tools that analyze the robustness of the assessment processes, as well as the validity of policies and measures. This requires a methodological framework that integrates formal techniques such as sensitivity analysis with what the authors have called social sensitivity analysis. The latter consists of participatory processes in which stakeholders analyze the robustness of the assessment process used as well as the validity of the results of such assessments. This methodology was applied to a procedure for assessing planning alternatives for forest tracks. Sensitivity analysis studies the technical robustness of the results of the assessment, as well as exploring the social validity of these results, thus facilitating processes of dialogue and consensus needed in decision-making in conflictive situations. These results are considered interesting, not only from the perspective of implanting polices, but also as a reference for other places with similar situations.