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1.
机动车排气污染对城市道路空气质量的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过对南京市珠江路道路空气质量的监测,掌握了机动车排气污染对街道空气质量的影响,分析了道路中NOx、NO2、CO的变化规律,以及污染物与车流量和大气扩散条件的关系.并通过与城市大气自动监测国控点监测数据的比较,得出国控点NOx、NO2浓度和道路中NOx、NO2浓度变化趋势一致.  相似文献   

2.
为调查马鞍山市城区主干道近地面空气质量状况,马鞍山市环境监测中心站于1999年1月19日~1月21日对城区3条主干道的5个监测点近地面空气质量进行了监测.结果表明,在城市整体环境空气质量良好的情况下,交通干道近地面空气污染较严重,主要污染源是机动车尾气,NOx、CO、TSP是特征性污染物,其中NOx平均分布浓度与车流量近似成正相关,从时间分布上看,NOx平均分布浓度早上最高,晚上次之,中午最低.指出,为改善城市的环境空气质量,必须加强对机动车尾气的监督管理.  相似文献   

3.
机动车尾气对南京市道路环境空气质量的影响   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
调查 了南京市机动车尾气对道路环境污染的状况,分析了城市道路建设对空气质量的影响。指出,从1991年以来,南京市机动车总量和道路车流量持续快速增长,但由于城市道路条件的改善,道路通行能力有了较大的提高,道路两侧污染物NOx,CO浓度均有所下降,但仍分别高于对照点2.2倍、3.2倍,道路汽车排气对城市环境空气质量的影响不容忽视。提出,随着道路车流量的不断增加,要改善城市环境空气质量,必须推广清洁燃料以及低污染车和零污染车,同时进一步加强道路建设,提高车辆通行能力,增加植树绿化。  相似文献   

4.
高速公路两侧氮氧化物的分布特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
分析了沪杭甬高速公路两侧环境空气中的分布浓度及其递减规律 ,通过实测数据揭示了 NOx分布同距离、车流量及气象条件间的关系 ,并发现 NOx浓度随距离的分布可以用一级指数衰减方程加以模拟 ,在所研究的空间距离内NOx浓度与距离用一元三次方程回归的相关指数接近 1 .0 0 0  相似文献   

5.
南京市机动车污染物减排因素分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
以南京市机动车排污监控系统的实时检测数据为基础,简述了南京市机动车减排效果,在“十二五”期间南京市机动车保有量增长71.8%的背景下,实现了污染物排放量削减18.8%,单车平均排放CO、HC、NOx较3年前分别下降了33%,31%和36%;排放标准和使用年限二因素方差分析表明,其对NOx、CO和HC排放值的影响由大到小排序均为:油品质量〉排放标准〉使用年限。提出,进一步提升油品质量至关重要。  相似文献   

6.
采用上海市车辆数据和机动车年检站实地调查方式获取车辆技术及分布,用GPS设备采集机动车行驶工况,通过交通流量录像的现场计数的方法获得道路车流分布。调查结果显示,在用汽车排放水平85%以上都达到或超过国Ⅱ标准;在低速、怠速工况区间内,社会车辆的比功率比例最低;道路轻型客车(含出租车)日平均车流量占总车流量的80%以上。机动车活动水平的详细调查将有助于上海实际道路机动车排放清单的精确计算,并获取主要的排放源及其影响因素。  相似文献   

7.
以上海内环区域高架道路和地面主干道路的交通信息为基础,基于路段的机动车动态排放清单并利用ADMSUrban模型模拟NO_x扩散变化。结果表明:道路车流以轻型客车为主,分别占高架路、主干路的77%和60%;1 139条路段工作日平均车流量为95万辆/h,车速为37.5 km/h;NO_x小时排放量为127 kg/h~2 019 kg/h,日排放量为25.8 t,重型客车NO_x排放量为道路机动车排放NO_x的主要来源;模拟NO_x质量浓度占环境空气比例为6.6%~73.4%,2:00 NO_x质量浓度最低,8:00最高,与交通密度低谷和峰值同步。  相似文献   

8.
为了解浦东新区建区以来的环境空气质量,浦东新区环境保护监测站对1994年-2001年环境空气中主要污染物监测结果进行了分析:SO2,NOx,TSP的质量浓度和分指数结果相比较,TSP占有最大权重,处于污染主导地位,其主要污染源为工业粉尘,烟尘,机动车排放的尾气,建筑施工及道路交通产生的尘污染。  相似文献   

9.
为研究交通源空气污染状况,通过采用自动监测系统,于2009年春季期间,对在聊城市主干道附近布设的6个监测点的空气质量进行监测,获得了其空气污染物浓度特征:(1)所有监测点SO2、NOx日均值与O3小时均值均未超标,且O3污染指数很低,表明二次污染甚微;(2)CO是首要污染物,PM10次之,两者日均值超标率均为100%。分析了超标污染物与交通流量的关系,结果表明,PM10浓度与交通量有较高的线性相关性,而CO浓度与交通流量无显著相关性。  相似文献   

10.
CALRoads模式在上海市典型道路CO扩散预测中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
根据上海市市区、郊区典型主干道的气象条件、车流量、车型比例,以及CO小时质量浓度的监测资料,采用CALRoads模式中CALINE4和CAL3QHC模块,对郊区主干道和市区典型路口的适用条件分别进行了验证.结果表明,在稳定的气象条件下,CALINE4模式在模拟周围相对空旷主干道附近的CO质量浓度时,具有较好的结果,将CAL3QHC模式应用于市区典型交叉口,可以得到同监测值相对吻合的模拟结果,但准确性低于郊区.应用CALRoads模型对未来城郊典型道路附近CO高峰小时质量浓度的发展趋势进行了预测,并基于情景分析给出了减少交通污染的对策建议.  相似文献   

11.
The CO, NO and NO2 concentrations, visibility and air flow velocity were measured using continuous analysers in a long Norwegian road tunnel (7.5 km) with traffic in both directions in April 1994 and 1995. The traffic density was monitored at the same time. The NO2 concentration exceeded Norwegian air quality limits for road tunnels 17% of the time in 1994. The traffic through the tunnel decreased from 1994 to 1995, and the mean NO2 concentration was reduced from 0.73 to 0.22 ppm. The ventilation fan control, based on the CO concentration only, was unsatisfactory and the air flow was sometimes low for hours. Models for NO2 concentration based on CO concentration and absolute air flow velocity were developed and tested. The NO2/NOx ratio showed an increase for NOx levels above 2 ppm; a likely explanation for this phenomenon is NO oxidation by O2. Exposure to high NO2 concentrations may represent a health risk for people with respiratory and cardiac diseases. In long road tunnels with two-way traffic, this study indicates that ventilation fan control based on CO concentration should be adjusted for changes in vehicle CO emission and should be supplemented by air flow monitoring to limit the NO2 concentration.  相似文献   

12.
Determination of O3, NO2, SO2, CO and PM10 measured in Belgrade urban area   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
O(3), NO(2), SO(2), CO and PM(10) concentrations, simultaneously determined for the first time in Belgrade urban area in the autumnal period of 2005, are presented. The obtained results display similar behaviour of SO(2), NO(2), CO, PM(10) opposite from that of O(3). The weekend effect was also investigated showing diminution of average daily concentrations of SO(2), NO(2), PM(10) and CO for 72, 40, 37 and 42% respectively, and increase of the average daily concentration of O(3) for 56%. Influence of meteorological conditions on observed concentration levels was studied, too. The observed influence of wind speed on the O(3) nightly concentration levels was analyzed pointing to the phenomena of O(3) transport during episodic measurements. To make an identification of possible pollution sources and analyse the influence of meteorological parameters on pollution levels, air back trajectories for high level concentrations episodes were calculated and analysed. A multivariate receptor modelling (Principal Component Analysis, Cluster Analysis) has been applied to a set of data in order to determine the contribution of different sources. It was found that the main principal components, extracted from the air pollution data, were related to gasoline combustion, oil combustion and ozone transport.  相似文献   

13.
无锡市机动车尾气污染及防治初探   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
过伟  奚河  吴蔚 《干旱环境监测》2002,16(4):228-229,244
以无锡市市区3种典型道路作为研究对象,通过对道路二侧呼吸带空气中CO、NOx、HC、Pb、TSP等污染物浓度的分析,评述道路交通污染特征和治理效果,从而提出了治理交通污染的对策与建议。  相似文献   

14.
选取汽油车尾气中CO、HC、NO等3种气态污染物,以稳态工况法为基准,与车辆实际行驶时的遥感测试结果比对,从而制定相应的排放控制限值。建议遥感检测法对于CO、HC、NO的限值,2001年10月1日前注册登记的汽油车分别为3.0%、1000×10-6、3500×10-6,2001年10月1日起注册登记的汽油车分别为2.0%、500×10-6、2000×10-6。提出当机动车所有人对检测结果有异议时,可在规定期限内至指定机构按年检方法复检。  相似文献   

15.
The Po valley in northern Italy is renowned for its high air pollutant concentrations. Measurements of air pollutants from a background site in Modena, a town of 200 thousand inhabitants within the Po valley, are analysed. These comprise hourly data for CO, NO, NO(2), NO(x), and O(3), and daily gravimetric equivalent data for PM(10) from 1998-2010. The data are analysed in terms of long-term trends, annual, weekly and diurnal cycles, and auto-correlation and cross-correlation functions. CO, NO and NO(2) exhibit a strongly traffic-related pattern, with daily peaks at morning and evening rush hour and lower concentrations over the weekend. Ozone shows an annual cycle with a peak in July due to local production; notwithstanding the diurnal cycle dominated by titration by nitrogen oxide, the decreasing long term trend in NO concentration did not affect the long term trend in O(3), whose mean concentration remained steady over the sampling period. PM(10) shows a strong seasonality with higher concentration in winter and lower concentration in summer and spring. Both PM(10) and ozone show a marked weekly cycle in summer and winter respectively. Regressions of PM(10) upon NO(x) show a consistently greater intercept in winter, representing higher secondary PM(10) in the cooler months of the year. There is a seasonal pattern in primary PM(10) to NO(x) ratios, with lower values in winter and higher values in summer, but the reasons are unclear.  相似文献   

16.
Aerosol, NO and CO concentration, temperature, air humidity, air flow and number of running ventilation fans were measured by continuous analysers every minute for a whole week for six different one-week periods spread over ten months in 2001 and 2002 at measuring stations in the 7860 m long tunnel. The ventilation control system was mainly based on aerosol measurements taken by optical scatter sensors. The ventilation turned out to be satisfactory according to Norwegian air quality standards for road tunnels; however, there was some uncertainty concerning the NO2 levels. The air humidity and temperature inside the tunnel were highly influenced by the outside metrological conditions. Statistical models for NO concentration were developed and tested; correlations between predicted and measured NO were 0.81 for a partial least squares regression (PLS1) model based on CO and aerosol, and 0.77 for a linear regression model based only on aerosol. Hence, the ventilation control system should not solely be based on aerosol measurements. Since NO2 is the hazardous polluter, modelling NO2 concentration rather than NO should be preferred in any further optimising of the ventilation control.  相似文献   

17.
易敏 《中国环境监测》2020,36(2):225-234
研究上海市机动车污染的动态排放测算和网格化动态排放清单构建,在实时的交通数据和交通环境监测数据的基础上,结合交通模型、机动车排放清单模型等业务模型和算法,依托大数据存储、可视化和GIS等技术,开发了上海市机动车污染物实时排放预警系统,实现了上海市全市道路的机动车动态排放测算、交通环境政策实施情景模拟和网格化排放清单,更新频率为每30 min一次,包含PM、NOx、CO、SO2、VOCs等污染物和9种车型。系统建成后直接服务于首届中国国际进口博览会,为大气污染排放实时总量跟踪评估、污染源管控措施分析及监测成因分析等提供了有力的实时数据和技术支撑。  相似文献   

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