甘肃省大气污染现状及防治对策研究

随着经济社会的快速发展和城市化进程的加快,城市大气环境污染问题日益受到人们关注。文章以甘肃省大气污染现状为例,分析了甘肃省大气污染的特点、存在的问题,并提出了大气污染防治对策,为改善甘肃省大气环境质量,保障群众身体健康,促进转型跨越发展提供环境支撑。     

数理统计在大气环境质量分析中的应用

城市大气环境质量分析,最基本的任务应阐明以下几个问题: 1. 城市大气环境要素,历年来环境质量有否明显区别,是相当、好转还是恶化。 2. 在监测网中,判断环境要素的最好点和最坏点。 3. 城市环境综合整治过程中,环境要素质量变化规律及变化范围。 本文引用数理统计方法,以保定市城市大气监测为依据,做环境质量分析。     

浅谈乌海市资源开发的环境问题及其对策

阐述了乌海地区在资源开发中存在的环境问题,尤其是与大气环境质量的关系;并提出了一系列相应的措施,为政府在开发矿产资源、发展经济的同时,处理好经济发展与环境的关系提供了参考依据。     

江苏省环境与社会经济发展特征分析及对策

环境与社会经济发展既相互促进又相互制约,研究经济持续增长背景下的两者发展特征与关系,对于采取经济环境一体化的综合决策、促进可持续发展具有现实指导意义。利用1991—2010年江苏省社会经济、污染物排放和环境质量数据,采用相关性分析、趋势分析等方法,对江苏省主要社会经济与环境指标发展变化特征进行了系统分析。结果表明,1991—2010年间江苏省社会经济发展呈现持续增长态势,由此带来的资源能源与环境压力亦持续增加;同时,由于实施了一系列政策措施,有效减缓、控制了污染排放和环境质量恶化趋势,但仍面临环境承载能力薄弱、经济结构偏重、能源消费不合理、区域发展不均衡等影响环境与社会经济协调发展的问题。为此,提出进一步处理好经济发展、社会进步与生态环境保护关系的对策建议。     

乌鲁木齐市大气环境微生物污染水平对策思路研究通过鉴定

乌鲁木齐市大气环境微生物污染水平对策思路研究通过鉴定由乌鲁木齐市环境科研监测中心站承担的“乌鲁木齐市大气环境微生物污染水平对策思路研究”课题１１月２７日通过市科委组织的专家鉴定。多年来，反映城市大气环境质量状况指标主要以物理的、化学的因子为评价内容，...     

大气环境质量模糊评价的可视化实现

以模糊聚类法为算法基础,运用计算机可视化技术,进行大气环境质量评价初步探索。计算机技术在环境评价中的应用,可以方便数据处理和资源共享。选用武汉市大气环境监测资料,应用该方法评价和分析武汉市大气环境质量,取得了令人满意的结果。     

基于环境库兹涅茨曲线特征的桂林市大气环境状况研究

根据2006年-2012年桂林市经济发展主要指标和大气环境污染指标的统计资料，分析了该市人均 GDP 与SO2、NO x、烟（粉）尘排放量及 PM10质量浓度和 API优良率等大气环境指标的相关关系，建立了经济发展与大气环境指标之间的模拟曲线。模拟结果表明，桂林市处于工业时期，随着人均GDP增加，SO2和烟（粉）尘排放得到了一定程度的缓解，而NO x 和 PM10排放从长期看还处于上升趋势。建议改善能源结构，调整产业结构和工业布局，制定财税激励政策，开展环境综合整治，加大机动车排污防治力度，进一步控制大气污染。     

城市绿色发展竞争力评价研究

提出城市绿色发展竞争力概念,探讨环境质量与经济社会发展水平之间的关系,从城市空气环境质量、地表水环境质量、声环境质量、集中式饮用水源地水质和生态环境质量等"硬环境"着手,结合衡量城市经济发展程度的工业GDP指标,构建评价指标体系,用单位工业GDP的环境代价来表征城市绿色发展竞争力水平,并以安徽省省辖市为例进行了实例研究。     

基于新空气质量标准的全国大气环境承载力评价

随着中国环境问题特别是大气环境问题的凸显,环境承载能力研究成为国内各界关注的热点。采用大气污染物年均质量浓度与新的空气质量标准比较的方法即超标倍数法,对全国330个地级城市进行大气环境承载力评价。评价结果表明,有70%的城市大气环境超载,大气环境承载形势严峻。超载最严重地区为京津冀及周边区域,长三角地区、中部大部分地区。PM2.5为大多数重点城市超载的首要污染物。通过对比大气环境承载指数与污染物排放总量、污染排放强度、人口、第二产业、地形、气象等因素的相关关系发现,不同地区主要影响因素不同,应该采取分区域、季节等差别化手段控制污染物排放,提高环境承载能力。     

关于上海地区的经济发展与环境质量状况分析

环境保护和经济发展都与人类的生存和发展息息相关．但由于经济的迅猛发展，环境遭到了前所未有的破坏和恶化．保护环境，实现经济与环境的协调发展，已经成为各国以及地区的共识．本文根据上海地区的经济发展与环境质量近十几年的状况，分析了上海地区环境改善的原因，以及进一步协调经济和环境发展的可能对策．     

江苏省快速城镇化的资源环境影响及压力测算研究

通过测算江苏省城镇化每增长一个百分点引起的资源消耗与环境污染物产排放变化量,分析城镇化发展的边际资源环境效应。结果表明,1996年—2010年期间,城镇化每增长一个百分点带来的城镇生活用水量、城镇生活污水排放量、COD产生量、NH3-N产生量、NOx排放量、CO2排放量、垃圾产生量仍呈上升趋势,而城镇化每增长一个百分点带来的COD、NH3-N排放量和SO2排放量由"十五"的增加逐步转为"十一五"的减少。提出,江苏省应选择有特色的城镇化发展道路,合理把握城镇化发展速度和节奏,重视城镇化发展质量,促进城镇与环境协调发展。     

长株潭城市群经济社会发展与环境压力

长株潭城市群是湖南省的核心增长极,是"资源节约型社会、环境友好型社会"社会建设综合配套改革试验区,但伴随高速的工业化发展和城市化进程,长株潭面临着严峻的资源约束和环境压力。文章从土地利用格局、经济社会发展、环境质量状况、主要污染物排放和资源能源利用等方面入手,综合分析了长株潭城市群的环境压力,主要体现在长株潭城市群城市化与土地需求的矛盾凸显,"摊大饼"的扩张模式带来生态风险;重工业和污染排放集聚,累积性污染突出;环境空气质量和地表水环境质量形势不容乐观;资源能源利用方式粗放等。结合城市群区域规划,提出了长株潭城市群在新型城镇化建设中应采取的生态环境保护措施建议。     

山东省生态环境监测网络建设发展建议

介绍了山东省生态环境监测网络建设状况,“十三五”期间全省基本实现大气、水、土壤、噪声、生态、污染源等全覆盖,“十四五”初期优化调整了地表水、地下水、海洋、土壤等环境质量监测点位,加大了自动监测力度。通过分析当前全省监测网络建设中存在的覆盖不全面、技术不完善、服务不深入等问题,提出了环境质量监测、生态质量监测、污染源监测、应急监测等各要素的发展建议。     

Delineating the spatial-temporal variation of air pollution with urbanization in the Belt and Road Initiative area

The rapid urbanization in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) area has aggravated the cross-regional pollution of PM_2.5 and aroused concern about the conflicts between urban development and air quality. This study aims to examine the spatial-temporal PM_2.5 variations in the BRI region, in which area many countries are undergoing rapid urbanization and the main field of future urbanization, to delineate the driving mechanism of PM_2.5 accumulation or dissipation. Previous studies have analyzed the PM_2.5 distribution at the national level, providing limited information regarding regional heterogeneity in urbanization and PM_2.5 concentrations within each country. Additionally, the regional differences in the driving mechanisms of urbanization factors on PM_2.5 concentrations have not been thoroughly investigated within the BRI areas. In this study, remote sensing raster data was combined with geographic grid units to examine variations in urbanization and PM_2.5 within the BRI region, identifying “typical regions” where urbanization could enhance PM_2.5 accumulation. The main results are as follows: i) The spatial autocorrelation of urbanization and PM_2.5 concentrations has gradually strengthened, showing consistent high-value distributions in the North China Plain, Ganges Plain and indicating a synergistic growth among emerging developing regions such as China, India, and the Persian Gulf Coast. ii) The correlation between urbanization and PM_2.5 concentrations exhibited a distinct trend of differentiation within the BRI regions. The influence of urbanization on PM_2.5 changed from agglomeration to dispersion, forming a “typical region” category composed of ten countries, including China, India, and Morocco. iii) The three main urbanization-related factors for PM_2.5 accumulation in the “typical regions” for 2005–2016 were energy pollution emission, economic activities, and human activities. By 2023, the effects of energy pollution and economic activities are expected to converge in some “typical region” countries. Targeted urban strategies and governance actions based on the different driving-types of “typical regions” in BRI have been proposed to coordinate relationship between urban construction and atmospheric environmental protection.     

An Analogy on Assessment of Urban Air Pollution in Turkey Over the Turn of the Millennium (1992–2001)

Rapid industrialization and urbanization in Turkey, especially over the last twenty five years, has provided better living standards to its residents, but it also caused a decrease in environmental quality. In late 1970's, air quality monitoring activities were started in some major cities by individual researchers in Turkey. It was just around the 1990's that a countrywide program on continuous air pollution monitoring in major province centers and selected large towns was launched. The impact of air pollution on people depend on various factors, such as existence and magnitude of coal powered energy generation plants, type of urban heating and their efficiency, and the numbers and specifications of vehicles. In this study, current Turkish urban air quality over the turn of the Millennium (1992–2001) is studied in the light of the country's worst cities in terms of outdoor air quality, the number of upper respiratory diseases, sinusitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia cases in these provinces reported by the state medical treatment facilities in 2001. The population that is under outdoor urban air pollution hazard was computed. A comparative analysis between the provinces that use natural gas and others that use fossil fuels was also completed in order to project monetary gains if the studied provinces will transform their indoor heating and industrial operations to be run by natural gas or other cleaner energy sources. If natural gas use in air polluted urban centers could be realized in the near future, approximately 212 to 350 million US dollars per annum could to be saved just by reducing health related problems caused by outdoor air pollution.     

The Parameter Optimization in the Inverse Distance Method by Genetic Algorithm for Estimating Precipitation

This study aimed to analyze long-term urban land use (LU) change and its negative implications on the coastal environment of Iskenderun, Turkey. Information on urban LU change for the 144-year period between 1858 and 2002 was extracted from a historic city plan, black-white monoscopic aerial photographs, and Landsat ETM+ imagery. According to the results, areal extent of urban areas has increased approximately 40 times during the past 144 years. The population growth as a result of industrial developments and permanent migration was main driving force to the urbanization. Environmental problems that resulted from rapid development in the region such as air, water and soil pollution were highlighted and some recommendations were made in the light of qualitative and quantitative information on the urbanization and its negative consequences.     

《宁波环境科学》征稿启事

《宁波环境科学》是经浙江省新闻出版局批准(浙内准字第B046号),由宁波市环境保护局主管,宁波市环境保护科学学会主办,是宁波市环保专业中、高级职称(不含教授级)评审的论文确认期刊。刊物立足宁波,面向全国,开辟的主要栏目有:局长(管理)论坛、学术研究、学科动态、交流争鸣等,内容涵盖节能减排、环境管理、环境规划、环境监测、环境科研、污染治理、环境执法、环境评价、环境健康、环境教育、生态文明、循环经济、清洁生产、综合信息等。规格为A4,页码为64,季刊。2008年6月创刊。为办好刊物,面向社会征稿。征稿简则如下     

传感器技术在环境空气监测与污染治理中的应用现状、问题与展望

大气环境污染物监测是建立污染源与环境污染关系的重要技术途径,也是大气综合治理决策所需数据的主要来源。近年来,空气质量精细化管理和污染源精准控制的需求逐渐增长,对监测技术提出了更高的要求。传感器技术作为空气质量监测标准方法的补充,是实现城市空气质量高时空分辨率测量的新手段。研究从传感器的原理及分类入手,通过综述其在环境空气质量监测、污染源监控管理、个人暴露风险评估等领域的应用,总结了传感器技术的研发进展、应用现状和存在问题,并提出其发展方向和前景。     

济南市环境空气质量及空气污染源监控网络的研究开发

介绍的济南市环境空气质量及空气污染源监控网络是《山东省可持续发展十大科技示范工程》,"济南市环境空气污染综合治理技术的研究开发与示范"子课题的主要内容,由魏复盛、王文兴院士等组成的专家组于2003年12月完成了课题的鉴定,课题总体达到了国际先进水平。主要包括济南市环境空气质量监控网络的完善,环境空气重点污染源监控网络的建立,开发建立环境空气预警系统、环境空气监测报警与控制系统四个方面。对建立空气质量的预警与控制系统具有示范作用。